Themistocles, A famous capitaine of Athens: In his youth giuen to riote, sensnalitie, and wantonnesse, delighting neither in learning, nor other commendable exercise. But after he was so incensed with the desire of fame and glorie, by the example of Miltiades, whiche ouercame Darius in the fieldes of Marathon, that in the night he coulde not rest in his bedde, but woulde rise and saye, that the triumph and victorie of Miltiades would not suffer him to slepe. Whervpon he gaue himselfe to martiall prowesse, and affaires of his countrey, and therein behaued himselfe so noblie, and became so wise and politike, as within few yeres he did not onely matche, but farre surmounte that man, whose example firste excited him to noble doing. For by his manhode and policie, he deliuered not onely his owne citie, but al Greece, from the greate power and innumerable armie of Xerxes, wherewith he ouerflowed that countrey: and caused that Prince with one small vcssell dishonourably to flee for safegarde of his life, whose huge multitude of shippes, not long before seemed to ouerloade the seas. Neuerthelesse he was after by hys vnkinde Citizens expelled hys countrey & fled to king Xerxes hys enimie: who seeing him, and vnderstanding his case, did both very honourably entertaine hym, & desired God euer to keepe hys enimies in that mind, to send from them such men as he was. Xerxes hauing him in great truste and credite, sent him with a mightie armie againste the Atheniens: but when he perceiued his countrey in peril to be destroyed, he poysoned himselfe by drinking of bulles bloude, and chose rather so to die, than either vnfaithfullye to betray that Prince that trufted him, or vnnaturally to destroy that countrey that bredde him.
Lewis and Short: Latin dictionary
Thĕmistŏcles, i and is, m., = *qemistoklh=s,a celebrated Athenian commander, whose life is written by Nepos; cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 74, 300; 2, 86, 351; 3, 16, 59; id. Rep. 1, 3, 5; id. Att. 7, 11, 3; id. Tusc. 4, 19, 44; id. Fin. 3, 32, 104; Nep. Them. 1, 1 sqq.— Hence, Thĕmistŏclēus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Themistocles: consilium, Cic. Att. 10, 8, 4: exsilium, id. ib. 10, 8, 7.