Temperature: moderation in mingling of things togither. vt, Temperatura ferri. Plin. Temperatura cæli, Idem quod Temperies. Varro.

To temper or moderate in order or measure: to rule: to gouerne: to order: to forbeare: to abstaine: to refraine. Aequaliter temperare. Cic. Moderatius aliquid temperare. Cic. Aciem temperare, Vide ACIES. Acquor totum temperat Neptunus. Oui. Vesper frigidus temperat æra. Virg. Aes temperare. Plin. To mixe or temper brasse. Amara temperare risu. Horat. With mirth and laughter to mitigate aduersitie. Aquam temperare ignibus. Ho. To warm water with fire. Vnda temperat arua arentia, Virgil. Water soupleth the dry fieldes and maketh them soft. Ciuitates temperare. Cic. To rule and gouerne cities. Copiam suam cum aliquibus temperare. Cicer. To mixe or temper his copie and varietie with certaine things. Domum temperare arte. Propert. Iras temperare. Virg. To moderate anger. Lachrymas alicuius temperare. Ouid. Ira temperat manus Propert. Lympha temperat merum. Tibul. He alayeth wine with water. Mundum temperat varijs horis Iuppiter. Hora. Inpiter gonerneth the world by iiii. sundry parts of the yeare. Solis tum accessus modii, tum recessus, & frigoris & caloris modum temperat. Cic Ora temperare frænis. Horat. To rule the horse with the bridle. Ratem temperare Ouid. Respublicas temperare Plin. To gonerne common weales. Sumptus temperare Ouid. Thermas temperare. Mart. Vectigalia temperare. Plin. iun. To moderate and diminishe tributes. Vires suas temperare institia. Ouid. Vnguentum temperare. Pli. To make or mixe an oyntment. Temperare alicui Cic. To spare one: to forbeare him. Temperare alicui aliqua in re. Ci. Aetati iuuenum temperare. Plaut. To gouerne yong men. Animis temperare. Liu. To moderate affectiõs: to forbeare the doing of a thing. Vix temperauere animis, quin extemplo impetum facerÊt. Liu. They did with great paine forbeare, but that, &c. Cædibus temperare. Liu. To refraine from man slaughter. Gulæ temperare Pli. iun. To eat or drinke soberly. Hostibus superatis temperare. Cice. To vse moderation toward enemies ouercome. Lætitiæ temperare. Liu. To vse moderation in mirth. Linguæ temperare. Plaut. To leaue his babling: to brydle his tong. Manibus temperare. Liu. To sorbeare his hands: not to strike. Sibi temperare. Cic. To stay himselfe. Nequco mihi tÊperare, quo minus vnum exemplÛ antiquitatis afferam. Plin. I can not forbeare, but that, &c. Vino temperare in vnÛ diem. Li. To forbeare wine one day. Vrbibus oppugnandis temperare. Liu. To abstain from laying siege to cities. Temperare ab iniutia & maleficio. Cæs. A lachrymis temperare. Virg To forbeare weeping. A maleficio se temperare. Author ad Heren. In a more temperare. Plaut. To vse moderation in loue. Temperare maledicere. Plautus. To forbeare giuing of yll language. Temperatum est, Impersonale Li. Templis deûm temperatum est. They did forbeare the robbing of temples. Temperatum ægrè est, quin missbus pugnam inter se cõ. sererent. Liu. They had much adoe to forbeare, &c.

I. Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).

A. Lit.: nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest, Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119: qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit, id. Rep. 6, 18, 18: ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit, id. Univ. 7: tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum, id. N. D. 3, 14, 36: aes conflare et temperare, Plin. 7, 56, 57, 197: ferrum, id. 34, 14, 41, 145: herbas, Ov. F. 5, 402: acetum melle, Plin. 14, 17, 21, 114: vinum, id. 29, 3, 11, 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7: venenum, Suet. Ner. 2 fin.: unguentum, Plin. 13, 2, 2, 18: collyrium, id. 27, 10, 59, 83: colores, id. 2, 18, 16, 79 et saep.: ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores, id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.: vitis solem umbra temperans, Plin. 17, 12, 18, 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1: scatebrisque arentia temperat arva, i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so, arva (Galesus), Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.—

2. Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order: rem publicam institutis et legibus, Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.: constituere et temperare civitates, id. Ac. 2, 1, 3: Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit, id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.: qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis, Hor. C. 1, 12, 16: terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere), id. ib. 3, 4, 45: mare, id. ib. 4, 12, 1: aequor, Verg. A. 1, 146: orbem, Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869: arces aetherias, id. ib. 15, 859: undas, id. ib. 12, 580: ratem, id. ib. 13, 366: solus id navigii genus temperans, Vell. 2, 107: omnia pretio temperata, id. 2, 60: senem delirum, Hor. S. 2, 5, 71: ora frenis, id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.: genius qui natale temperat astrum, id. Ep. 2, 2, 187: annum, id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, 13: caeli fulgura, Cic. Leg. 8, 21: fortunam suo arbitrio, Petr. 137.— Poet.: carmen impositis articulis, i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.: testudinis aureae strepitum, Hor. C. 4, 3, 18: Musam pede Archilochi, id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.: citharam nervis, i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.—

B. Trop.

1. To regulate, rule, etc.: non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire, Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.: cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet, id. Phil. 12, 11, 26: quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis, id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65: ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi, id. Or. 58, 197; so, joined with miscere, id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.: at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt, id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176: iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare, id. Marcell. 3, 8: amara lento Temperet risu, Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34: (Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras, soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57: sumptus, Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10: Mercurius temperat astra, Stat. Th. 1, 305.—

2. Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.

II. Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one's self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).

A. In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.

(a). With in and abl.: jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8: in multa temperarunt tribuni, Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.—

(b). With dat.: linguae tempera, Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so, linguae, Liv. 28, 44, 18: linguae, Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2: manibus, Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24: oculis, Liv. 21, 22, 7: irae, id. 33, 20, 7: victoriae, Sall. C. 11, 8: gulae, Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5: lacrimis, Curt. 7, 2, 7.—

(g). With ab and abl.: temperare ab injuriā et maleficio, Caes. B. G. 1, 7: a maleficio, Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29: a lacrimis, Verg. A. 2, 8: precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere, Tac. H. 1, 63.—Rarely with sibi, etc.: cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum? Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.—

(d). With abl. alone: lacrimis, Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16: a venatibus, Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270: risu, Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.—(e) With inf.: matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent, Plaut. Poen. prol. 33: dormire, id. ib. 22: maledicere huic, id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.): exordiri rem novam, Gell. 4, 9, 5. —(z) With ne and subj.: quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60: quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi, Lact. 4, 3, 5.—(h) With quin (post-Aug.): non temperante Tiberio quin premeret, Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54: vix temperabat, quin diceret, Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7: Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc., id. Ep. 114, 19.—

b. With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero): neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc., Caes. B. G. 1, 33: vix sibi temperant quin, etc., Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2: nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc., Plin. 18, 6, 8, 41; 1, praef. 30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc., id. 34, 8, 19, 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1: vix temperavere animis, quin, etc., Liv. 5, 45, 7.—

c. Impers. pass.: aegre temperatum est, quin, etc., they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8: nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc., id. 2, 23, 10: jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est, id. 5, 7, 8: ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum, id. 7, 20, 9: a caedibus, id. 25, 25, 9.—

B. In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab: ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, 17: superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere), id. ib. 2, 2, 2, 4: sociis, id. ib. 2, 1, 59, 154: alicui in aliquā re, id. ib. 2, 2, 6, 17: amicis, id. Balb. 27, 60: privignis, Hor. C. 3, 24, 18: ingenio suo, Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.: in quo ab sociis temperaverant, Liv. 6, 17, 8: ab his sacris, id. 39, 10, 9: quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus, Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.: a mulso sibi temperare, Cels. 4, 31.—Impers. pass.: templis deum temperatum est, Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.: nec ab ullo temperatum foret, id. 24, 31, 11.—Hence,

A. tempĕ-rans, antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.: modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit? Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21: homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc., id. Font. 18, 40; so, homo, id. Att. 15, 1, 1.—Sup.: homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus, Cic. Font. 17, 38: principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii, refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr.—With gen.: famae temperans, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41: temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae, Plin. Pan. 52, 5: potestatis temperantior, Tac. A. 13, 46.—Hence, adv.: tempĕranter, with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29. — Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—Sup. seems not to occur.—

B. tempĕrātus, a, um, P. a.

1. Duly arranged or prepared: prela, Cato, R. R. 12.—

2. Limited, moderate, temperate.

(a). Lit.: temperatae escae modicaeque potiones, Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115: regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae, Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, 26.—Comp.: loca temperatiora, Caes. B. G. 5, 12: o temperatae dulce Formiae litus, Mart. 10, 30, 1: mitis ac temperatus annus, Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.: temperatissimum anni tempus, Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.—

(b). Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate: est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur, Cic. Fam. 12, 27: justi, temperati, sapientes, id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1: mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā, Hor. C. 2, 3, 3: vim temperatam di provehunt In majus, id. ib. 3, 4, 66: animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse, Liv. 1, 18, 4: hoc multo fortius est ... illud temperatius, Sen. Ep. 18, 3: aequabile et temperatum orationis genus, Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3: oratio modica ac temperata, id. Or. 27, 95.—Comp.: temperatior oratio, Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.— Sup.: temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, 83. — Adv.: tempĕrātē, in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.

a. Lit.: tepebit, Cato, R. R. 69, 2: arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes, Vitr. 2, 9 med.—

b. Trop.: agere, Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1: temperatius scribere, id. ib. 13, 1, 1: temperatissime et castissime vivere, Aug. Mus. 6, 15.