To harden or make harde: to sustaine, or suffer: to endure or continue. Vngulas durare. Col. To harden the hoofes. Durare & Mollire, contraria. Cels. Sorba durant ventrem. Mart. Make costiffe: stop the bellie. Ego ad hoc genus hominum duraui. Plautus. My hearte is hardned toward these kinde of men. Ad plagas durari. Quint. To be hardned against beating. Durari in grana. Plin. Grewe into hard kernels. Animum durare. Oui. To harden ones hearte: not to heare. Vitia durantur, per translationem. Quin. Faultes bee fastned hard, andgrowne to a stay in men. Durare, & vosmet rebus seruate secundis. Virgil. Harden your selfe, and suffer patiently, &c. Laborem durare. To sustaine and abide labour. -vix durare carinæ Possunt imperiosius Æquor. Hor. The shippes be scantly able to abide the tempestuous and troublous sea. Durare cor. Patienter ferre. Plaut. To hearden the heart. Durare nequeo in ædibus. Plaut. I can no longer abide in the house. Non hercle hîc quidem durare quisquam, si sic fit, potest. Te. No man can abide here. &c. Nequeo durare, quin ego herum accusem meum. Plautus. I cannot any longer forbeare, but that I must. Durare. pro Viuere. Plini. Durasse & vltra vndecimum plerósque certum est. To haue liued aboue, &c. Pertinacissimedurare. Quint. To bee so fastened as it wil not be separated. Æternum durabit. Stat. It wil continue for euer. In æternum durare. Qui. In longum æuum durare. Oui. Vt tibi durem diu. Plaut. That I may continue with thee a long tyme. Amicitiæ vsque ad senectutem firmissimæ durant. Quintil Continue most stedfaste. Durauit hic illi animus vsque ad extremum. Plin. iuni. Hee continued in this mind. Totidem durare per annos. Virg. In extremum durare. Ouid. To continue to the end. Horam durare. Hor. To concinue or abide an houres space. Sub Ioue durare. Ouid. Ira manet, durátque dolor. Val. Flac. In longum durare. Sta. To continue long. In longas moras durare. Ouid. Durat in occasum. Plini. It continueth till the sunne going downe. Durare in noctem. Plin. To continue til night. In feras durant sermonibus vmbras. Val. Fla. They continue to talke togither till it be late in the night.

Hard witted to study. Durus & oratione & moribus. Cic. Rude both in wordes & maners. Vt vita, sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus. Cic. Agrestes duti. Vir. Vplandish people hardned with labour. Dura aluus. Plin. A costine belly. Amica dura. Ouid. Amor durus. Vir. Duro animo es. Ter. Thou art harde harted. Annona dura. Cic. Dearth or scarcitie of victuals. Arator durus. Virg. The hard ploughman. Arua dura. Virg. Calus durus. Virg. Catena dura. Ouid. Cautes duræ. Oui. Claustra durissima. Clau. Conditio durior. Ci. A hard and grieuous condition. Duriores legum conditiones. Cic. Rigorous. Corda dura. Ouid. Cotes duræ. Virg. Crinis durus sanguine. Stati. Haire stiffe and cluttered with bloud. Cubile durum. Virg. Curæ dure. Virg. Grieuous eares. Cutis dura. Ouid. Dolores duri. Virg. Dura domina cupiditas. Cic. Sensual lust is a heauy lady: or affection is a grieuous maistresse. Fames dura. Hor. Fata dura. Sen. Duriore fortuna conflictari. Cicer. To be troubled with aduersitie. Durum frigus. Plaut. Sharpe cold. Gens dura. Virg. Rude. Glebæ duræ. Virg. Durus homo. Cic. A cruel and rigorous man. Homo vehemens atque durus. Cic. Hyems dura. Virg. A rough and sharp winter. O dura messorum ilia. Ouid. Imperium durum. Tac. Rigorous rule or gouernement. Ingenium. Ter. A dul wit: an vngentle nature. Iter. Virg. Paineful. Iussa dura. Ouid. Hard commaundements. Labor durus. Virg. Lacerti duri. Claud. Dura lex. Plaut. A grieuous and sore lawe. Mala dura. Hor. Messor durus. Ouid. Ministeria dura. Ouid. Mors dura. Vir. Natura dura rerum. Horat. Durum & Molle nomen, contraria. Cice. Duri oculi. Plaut. Opus durum. Lucre. Os durum. Plin. Os durum, id est impudens. Ouid. Oh shamelesse fellowe. Duri oris vir. Liuius. A rigorous man harde to intreate, or rough in wordes. Duras fratris partes prædicas. Tere. My brother is in harde case by thy saring. Pater durus. Ouid. A rigorous father. Pauperies dura. Horat. Pericla dura. Hor. Durus pictor in coloribus. Pli. Blunt or rade in mixing his coloures. Duræ pœnæ. Terent. Poëta durissimus. Cic. Præcordia dura. Ouid. Prælia dura. Horat. Dura prouincia. Tere. A hard charge. Quies dur. Virg. Death. Dura est hæc res in pectore & corde. Plaut. Sapor Bacchidurus. Virg. A rough taste in wine. Senex durus ac penè agrestis. Cic. Vncurteous and rude. Durior iudicis sententia. Liu. Sore or grieuous. Dura seruitus. Plaut. Seruitium durius. Tacit. Sortes duræ. Ouid. Strata dura. Ouid. Studia. Claud. Tempora. Cic. Aduersitie: troublous state of time. Durissima Reipublicæ tempora. Cic. The most daungerous times. Valetudo dura. Hora. Sickenesse. Durum verbum: cui Molle opponitur. Cic. Vis dura. Virg. Vita dura. Ter. A wearie and paineful life. Vngue duro sancius. Claud. Vultus durus. Ouid. Dura viarum, Id est, viæ duræ. Claudius. Harde and roughe wayes. Tolerare dura. Senec. Præbere se durum miseræ & afflictæ fortunæ alicuius. Antonius Ciceroni. To shewe himselfe harde and rigorous. Asperior & durior: cui contrarium est Moderatus & mitis. Cicero. Duras alicui partes dare. To handle one hardly and roughly: to put him to the worse end of the staffe.

I. Lit.

(a). Act.: quae nobis durata ac spissa videntur, Haec, etc., Lucr. 2, 444; so in the part. perf.: coria (with condurare ferrum), id. 6, 970; cf. cutis, Ov. M. 4, 577: caementa calce (opp. interlita luto), Liv. 21, 11: ova in aqua, Plin. 29, 3, 11, 45: pontus frigore, Ov. P. 4, 9, 85: nives solo, Hor. C. 3, 24, 39: aqua salibus, i. e. strongly saturated, Col. 7, 4 fin., v. durus, I.: ungulas (mularum), id. 6, 37, 11: ferrum ictibus, Plin. 34, 15, 43, 149: guttas in grana, id. 12, 19, 42, 94: uvam fumo, i. e. to dry, preserve, Hor. S. 2, 4, 72.—In medic. lang.: corpus, i. e. to bind, make costive, opp. mollire, Cels. 2, 14; cf. id. 2, 33 fin.—In fullers' lang., to harden, stiffen or full cloth: Art. Non queo durare. Par. Si non didicisti fulloniam, non mirandumst, Plaut. As. 5, 2, 57 (with a punning reference to the meaning II. A. 2.).—

(b). Neutr.: tum durare solum et discludere Nerea ponto Coeperit, i. q. durescere, Verg. E. 6, 35; so, vino minime durante, uva maxime, Plin. 14, 3, 4, 37.—

II. Trop.

A. (Acc. to durus, II. A. 2.).

1. Act., to harden with use or labor, etc.; to make hardy or callous, to inure (class.): opere in duro membra manusque, Lucr. 5, 1359; cf.: membra animumque, Hor. S. 1, 4, 119: umeros ad vulnera, Verg. G. 3, 257: hoc se labore durant homines adolescentes, Caes. B. G. 6, 28, 3; cf.: exercitum crebris expeditionibus, patientiaque periculorum, Vell. 2, 78, 2: cor, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 6; cf. mentem, Tac. A. 3, 15 al.: ab duratis usu armorum pulsi, Liv. 7, 29; so in the part., id. 23, 18; 30, 28: durati bellis, id. 42, 52: vitia durantur, grow inveterate, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—

2. Neutr. (so most freq.), to be hardened, inured to troubles, i. e. to be patient, to wait, persevere; to endure, hold out: durare nequeo in aedibus, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 1; cf. id. Men. 5, 2, 31; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 15; Liv. 5, 2, 7; 38, 7 fin.; Quint. 11, 3, 23; Verg. A. 9, 604; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 82 al.; cf. impers., Liv. 10, 46: durate et vosmet rebus servate secundis, Verg. A. 1, 207; cf. Suet. Calig. 45; Auct. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 91; Ov. Am. 3, 11, 27 al.: nequeo durare, quin, etc., Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 22: durare nequeo quin intro eam, id. Mil. 4, 6, 34; Suet. Claud. 26.—

(b). With acc., to bear, endure (poet. and in post-Aug. prose): patior quemvis durare laborem, Verg. A. 8, 577: quascumque vias, Stat. S. 5, 2, 153; and of inanimate subjects: sine funibus Vix durare carinae Possunt imperiosius Aequor, Hor. C. 1, 14, 7; cf.: (vitis genus) quod siccitatem durat et ventos, Pall. Febr. 9, 1.—

(g). With inf.: non quis parumper durare opperier, Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 5.—

b. In gen., to hold out, to continue in existence, to last, remain (very freq.): Ar. Ubi illaec (talenta) quae dedi ante? Cl. Abusa. Num si ea durarent mihi, etc., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 44: uti quam diutissime durent oleae, Cato R. R. 58; 104; Varr. R. R. 1, 59, 3: omnem durare per aevom, Lucr. 3, 605; cf. id. 3, 812; Verg. G. 2, 100; Suet. Calig. 6 al.: neque post mortem durare videtur (corpus), Lucr. 3, 339; cf. ib. 561: ad posteros virtus durabit, Quint. 3, 1, 21; cf. id. 1, 11, 18; 3, 1, 9; 5, 11, 41: maneat quaeso duretque gentibus, si non amor nostri, at certe odium sui, Tac. G. 33: durante originis vi, id. Agr. 11; cf. Petr. 96, 3: durante bello, Tac. A. 14, 39; so with adhuc, Suet. Gramm. 24; cf.: munera, quibus donatus est, durant, ostendunturque adhuc Bais, are still in existence, id. Tib. 6 et saep.—With inf.: ut vivere durent, Luc. 4, 519; so Sil. 10, 653; 11, 75; Petr. 41, 2.—In Tacitus sometimes of persons, for vivere, to live: narratum ab iis, qui nostram ad juventam duraverunt, Tac. A. 3, 16; id. Or. 17; id. Agr. 44. And once in the same author (acc. to the better reading) of extension in space: durant colles (= continuantur, ultra porriguntur; French, s'y prolongent), extend continuously to the frontier, Germ. 30.—

B. (Acc. to durus, II. B.)

1. Act., to render hard, callous, insensible; to dull, to blunt (rare and perh. not ante-Aug.): aerea dehinc ferro (Juppiter) duravit saecula, Hor. Epod. 16, 65: ad plagas durari, Quint. 1, 3, 14 (cf. 12: quae in pravam induruerunt): ad omne facinus durato, Tac. H. 4, 59.—Of the affections, Vulg. Job, 39, 16.—Pass.: linguae vitia, inemendabili in posterum pravitate durantur, to become confirmed, incurable, Quint. 1, 1, 37.—

2. Neutr., to be hard, stern, callous, insensible (rare and not ante-Aug.): ut non durat (pater) ultra poenam abdicationis, Quint. 9, 2, 88: in nullius umquam suorum necem duravit, Tac. A. 1, 6; Petr. 105 fin.; cf.: usque ad caedem ejus duratura filii odia, Tac. A. 14, 1 fin.

I. Lit.

A. Orig. as affecting the sense of feeling: et validi silices ac duri robora ferri, Lucr. 2, 449; so, silex, Verg. A. 6, 471: ferrum, Hor. C. 3, 11, 31: cautes, Verg. A. 4, 366; Ov. M. 4, 672: bipennes, Hor. C. 4, 4, 57: ligones, id. Epod. 5, 30: aratrum, id. S. 1, 1, 28: compes, id. Epod. 4, 4: pellis, Lucr. 6, 1195; Verg. G. 3, 502: arva, id. ib. 2, 341; cf. cutis, Ov. M. 8, 805: alvus, Cels. 6, 18, 9; Hor. S. 2, 4, 27: aqua, hard, i. e. containing much earthy matter, Cels. 2, 30 fin.; cf. muria, saturated with salt, Col. 6, 30 fin.; 12, 6, 1 et saep., v. muria: dumeta, i. e. rough, Ov. M. 1, 105 et saep.: gallina, tough, not yet boiled tender, Hor. S. 2, 4, 18; cf.: fungi, qui in coquendo duriores fient, Plin. 22, 23, 47, 99 et saep.— Sup.: ladanum durissimum tactu, Plin. 26, 8, 30, 48; cf.: durissimus tophus vel carbunculus, Col. 3, 11, 7 et saep.—As subst.: dūrum, i, n.

(a). E duro (sc. ligno), of the hardened wood of the vine, Col. 3, 6, 2; 3, 10, 15; 21 et saep.; cf. duramentum.—

(b). Durum cacare, Mart. 3, 89, 2.—

B. Transf.

1. As affecting the sense of taste: vinum, opp. suavis, hard, harsh, Pall. Oct. 14, 5; cf.: sapor Bacchi, Verg. G. 4, 102: acetum, Ser. Samm. 40 and 351.—

2. As affecting the ear: vocis genera permulta: ... grave acutum, flexibile durum, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146; cf. Quint. 11, 3, 15 and 32.—Hence, in rhet., hard, rough (cf. asper, II.): aspera et dura et dissoluta et hians oratio, Quint. 8, 6, 62: consonantes, id. 11, 3, 35: syllabae, id. 12, 10, 30: verba, id. 8, 3, 32 sq.; cf. id. 1, 5, 72: compositio, id. 9, 4, 142.

II. Trop.

A. Opp. to cultivated, rough, rulde, uncultivated: Q. Aelius Tubero ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus, Cic. Brut. 31; cf.: (Stoici) horridiores evadunt, asperiores, duriores, et oratione et moribus, id. Fin. 4, 28, 78; id. Mur. 29: Attilius poëta durissimus, id. Att. 14, 20, 3: C. Marius, qui durior ad haec studia videbatur, id. Arch. 9, 19; cf. Quint. 10, 1, 93; 8 prooem. 26; Hor. S. 1, 4, 8 al.: pictor durus in coloribus, Plin. 35, 11, 40, 137; cf. Quint. 12, 10, 7: Fauni, gens duro robore nata, Verg. A. 8, 315; cf.: terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis, id. G. 2, 341; cf. also Stat. Th. 4, 276 sq.; Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 8.—

2. But sometimes as a praiseworthy quality, opp. to soft, weakly, hardy, vigorous (esp. freq. in poets): fortes et duri Spartiatae, Cic. Tusc. 1, 43; cf.: Ligures, durum in armis genus, Liv. 27, 48: durum genus experiensque laborum, hardy, Ov. M. 1, 414: unde homines nati, durum genus, Verg. G. 1, 63 (cf. la=as and lao/s, Pind. Ol. 9, 71): gens dura atque aspera cultu, a hardy race, id. A. 5, 730: genus humanum durius, tellus quod dura creāsset, Lucr. 5, 926: Dardanidae, Verg. A. 3, 94: Hannibal, Hor. C. 2, 12, 2: Iberia, id. ib. 4, 14, 50: vindemiator, id. S. 1, 7, 29; cf.: ilia messorum, id. Epod. 3, 4: juvenci, Ov. M. 3, 584 et saep. —

B. Opp. to morally mild, gentle, harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling, insensible, obstinate: quis se tam durum agrestemque praeberet, qui, etc., Cic. Or. 43, 148; cf.: quis nostrum animo tam agresti et duro fuit, ut? etc., id. Arch. 8: neque sunt audiendi, qui virtutem duram et quasi ferream esse quandam volunt, id. Lael. 13 fin.; ingenio esse duro atque inexorabili, Ter. Ph. 3, 2, 12: satis pater durus fui, id. Heaut. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. Ad. 1, 1, 39; Cic. Cael. 16; Hor. S. 1, 2, 17: Varius qui est habitus judex durior, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 62: cf. Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4: mala vel duri lacrimas motura Catonis, Luc. 9, 50: duriorem se praebere alicujus miserae et afflictae fortunae, Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 13 A (cf. opp. at the end of the letter: se placabiliorem praebere): duri hominis vel potius vix hominis videtur, periculum capitis inferre multis, Cic. Off. 2, 14, 50; Hor. C. 4, 1, 7: quid nos dura refugimus aetas? id. ib. 1, 35, 34: ōs durum, shameless, impudent, Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 36 Ruhnk.; Cic. Quint. 24 fin.; Ov. M. 5, 451: cor, Vulg. Sirach, 3, 27 et saep. Of the austerity of the Stoic mode of living, v. above, A.—

C. Of things, hard, severe, toilsome; troublesome, burdensome, disagreeable; adverse, unfortunate: opulento homini hoc servitus dura est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 12; so, servitus, Cic. Rep. 1, 44; 2, 25; cf. lex, Plaut. Merc. 4, 6, 1: condicio, Cic. Rab. Post. 6 fin.: provincia, Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 23; cf. partes, id. Eun. 2, 3, 62; Anton. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8 A: dolor, Lucr. 3, 460: labor, id. 5, 1272: subvectiones, Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1: venatus, Ov. M. 4, 307: dura cultu et aspera plaga, Liv. 45, 30 fin.: durissimo tempore anni, Caes. B. G. 7, 8, 2; cf. id. B. C. 3, 25, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 5 fin.: morbum acrem ac durum, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 119; cf. valetudo, Hor. S. 2, 2, 88: dolores, Verg. A. 5, 5: frigus, Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 10: fames, Hor. S. 1, 2, 6: pauperies, id. C. 4, 9, 49: causa, Lucr. 3, 485; Quint. 4, 1, 25; Hor. S. 1, 10, 26: nomen (opp. molle), Cic. Off. 1, 12: verbum, id. Brut. 79, 274: propositio, Quint. 4, 5, 5 et saep.: De. Etiamne id lex coëgit? Ph. Illud durum, Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 8; so in the neutr. sing., Quint. 11, 1, 85; 12, 1, 36; Hor. S. 1, 9, 42 et saep.; cf. ellipt.: non vanae redeat sanguis imagini ... Durum: sed levius fit patientia, etc., Hor. C. 1, 24, 19. In plur. subst.: dura, ōrum, n., hardships, difficulties: siccis omnia dura deus proposuit, Hor. C. 1, 18, 3; id. Ep. 2, 1, 141; Sen. Oedip. 208; Verg. A. 8, 522: ego dura tuli, Ov. M. 9, 544 al. (In fem. plur. ellipt., sc. partes, Ter. Heaut. 2, 4, 22 very dub.).— Comp.: hi, si quid erat durius, concurrebant, if any unusual difficulty occurred, Caes. B. G. 1, 48, 6; 5, 29, 6; id. B. C. 3, 94, 6.—Adv. posit. in two forms: dūrĭter and dūre.

A. (Acc. to 1. A.) Hardly: juga premunt duriter colla (boum), Vitr. 10, 8.—Comp.: durius, Vitr. 10, 15 fin.—

B. (Acc. to II. A.-C.)

1. Hardly, stiffly, awkwardly: membra moventes Duriter, Lucr. 5, 1401: duriter, Auct. Her. 4, 10, 15; Gell. 17, 10, 15: dure, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 66; Quint. 9, 4, 58; 10, 2, 19; Gell. 18, 11, 2.—Comp., Ov. R. Am. 337; Hor. S. 2, 3, 22; Quint. 8, 6, 24; 9, 4, 15; 117.—

b. Hardily, rigorously, austerely: vitam parce ac duriter agebat, Ter. And. 1, 1, 47; id. Ad. 1, 1, 20; Novius ap. Non. 512.—

2. Harshly, roughly, sternly: quam tibi ex ore orationem duriter dictis dedit, Enn. Trag. v. 348 Vahl.: duriter, Afran. Com. v. 251 Rib.; Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 28.— Comp., Cic. Lig. 6; id. Att. 1, 1, 4; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Caes. B. C. 1, 22 fin.; Tac. Agr. 16; id. A. 3, 52; Sen. Ep. 8; Vulg. Gen. 42, 7.—Sup., Hadrian. in Dig. 47, 14, 1.—

3. Hardly, unfavorably, unfortunately: durius cadentibus rebus, Suet. Tib. 14 fin.