To leade, guide, or gouerne: to go: to bring, or induce: to mooue, perswade, or allure: to prolong, delay, or passe the time: to renolue and cast in the minde: to esteeme, or set by: to indge, &c. Ducuntur omnia Dei nutu. Plautus. Al things bee gouerned or guided by the wil of god. Ducere se ad aliquem. Plaut. To goe to one. Ad regem recta me ducam. Plaut. Ducere se ab edibus. Plaut. To goe out of the house. Ducere se deorsum de arbore. Plaut. To come downe out of the tree. Ducere ad credendum. Cic. To indnce to belieue. Duci ad cognitionis cupiditatem. Cicer. To be led to desire of knowledge. Ad id responsum, quod eliciendÛ erit, per gradus ducet. Quint. Ad peiota iuuenes laude ducuntur. Quin. Per omnia aliquem ducere. Virg. To leade throughe all places. Per parna aliquem ducere. Quin. Per singula duci. Stat. Aetatem ducere Hor. To line: to leade his life. Aestas se ptima ducitur. Virg. This is the seuenth yeare. Aetatem in literis ducere. Cic. To spend his time in study. Deus duxit æuum per suos gradus. Senec. To deuide mans life into certaine ages. Ducere agmen. Cic. To goe before, or bee captaine to an armie. Aluum ducere. Gel. To mooue to the stoole. Nostros in longum ducis amores. Virgil. Thou dost prolong. Anhelitum ex cursura ducere. Plaut. To breath thicke and hard with running. Animam ducere, pro viuere. Virg. To line. Animam ducere de cælo. Cic. To draw breath of the ayre. Animos in rem præsentem ducere. Quin. Vide ANIMVS. Annum ducere dicuntur Sol & Luna. Virg. Aquam. Cic. To conuey water from a spring. Argentum. Virg. To draw siluer in length. Argumenta ex ipsis positionum vitijs ducimus. Quin. To take or fetch arguments. Bellum cum aliquo. Virg To make warre with one. Beneuolentiam personis ducimus. Quint. Ipse qui cælum neoulásque ducir. Sen. He that gouerneth % skie and clondes. In carcerem ducere. Cic. To put in prison. Cicatricem. Colum. To close or heale vp a wounde that is cured. Ducta cicattix. Liu. A wounde healed and growne to a scarre. Colorem. Virg. To take colour: to be coloured. Colore aureo pelles ducere. Plin. To dye or colour skinnes like golde. Commendationem ineuntis ætatis ab impietate & scelere ducere. Cic. To begin the commendation of his youth, &c. Coniecturam modò huc, modo illuc ducere. Cic. Coniectura ducitur ex hac re. Cic. Men coniecture by this. In crimen ducere. Tac. To impute as a fault. -criné nque volantia sydera ducunt. Virg. The fleeing Starres draw shining beames. Ex animo curam ducere. Plaut. Cast care out of your minde. Diem ducit Lucifer. Virg. Bringeth the day. Diem somno ducere. Sen. To passe the day with sleeping. Effigiem ducere. Virg. To take likenes. Vagina ducitur ensis. Sil. The sworde is drawne out. In errorem ducere. Ouid. To bring into errour. Exequias alicui ducere. Plin. iun. To solemnise ones suneral. Exercitum in Sabinos ducere. Cæsa. To leade or conduct an armie. Exordium re aliqua ducere. C. To take beginning at: to begin at, Fidem ducere. Lucr. Figuram ducere veri. Clau. To haue an appearaunce or resemblance of truth. Fossam. Li. To cast a ditch or trench. Fræna manu ducere. Ouid. To pull the raines of the bridle to him. Frigus ab vmbra ducere Oui. To coole himselfe in the shadow. Funem ducere. Hor. To draw a corde to him. Funus alicui ducere. Plin. To keepe ones funeral. Genus ab aliquo ducere. Ouid. To discende of ones stock. Blandis ducitur hora dolis. Pro. The time was passed with, &c. Nos flendo ducimus horas. Virgil. We passe the time with weeping. Horas extremas ducere. Mart. To ly in dying. Ilia ducere. Hor. To moue the flankes thicke like a broken winded horse. Initium re aliqua ducere. Cicero. To beginne or take a beginning. Initium rerum suarum alicunde ducere. Cic. In ius aliquem ducere. Ter. To sue one in the law. Laminam ducere. Qui. To make or spread a plat in breadth & length. Lateres. Vitruu. To make bricke. Lineam. Plin. To draw a line. Ducit duo lina acus. Celsus. The needle hath in it a double threede. Ducirur & digitis littera rara meis. Oui. I make letters or write seldome times. In ludum ducere, & reducere. Ter. To bring to schoole & home agayne. In matrimonium. Cic. To wed: to take to wife. Ducere & conflare mendacium. Cic. To make and frame a lie. Mucronem. Virg. To draw out his sworde. Muros. Virg. To build vp walles. Noctem ducere ludo. Claud. To passe the night in play. Noctem incundis fermonibus. Pli. iun. To passe the night with pleasaunt talke. Nomen ex re aliqua. Cic. To take name of a thing. Notam ducere. Hor. To be marked. Nubilum. Quin. To gather clowdes: to ware clowdy. Obliuia ducere pœnæ. Val. Flac. To forget the paine. Opes ducere ab aliquo. Hor. To haue riches by. Opinione duci. Cic. To be led with an opinion. Orationem ducere ab eodem verbo. Cicer. To begin a sentence with. Ordines & ordinem ducere, Vide ORDO. Cic. Ordine ducere. Virg. To leade in order. Authore ab illo ducis originem. Hor. Ab Elide ducimus ortus. Ouid. We haue our beginning. Os exquisitis modis ducere. Qui. To draw or fashion the mouth curiously in speaking. Otia ducere. Ouid. To liue idlely. Parietem per vestibulum alicuius ducere. Ci. To make or build a wall by ones porch or entry. In partes ducere. Tac. To bring to factions and parties. Pectus in contratia ducere. Ouid. To make one to bee in diuers mindes. Ducunt eum pedes rus. Plautus. Hee walketh on foote into the countrey. Pensa manu ducere. Iuuen. To spinne. Piscem hamo ducere. Ouid. To drawe fish with the hooke. Pocula ducere. Propert. To sit long in drinking and quaffing. Pompam ducere. Ouid. To goe with a great traine. Præmia. Ouid. Principium re aliqua. Cic. To begin at. In probationem aliquid ducere. Quint. To bring for a proofe. -progeniem Troiano sanguine duci audierat. Virg. Prouincias ducere. Tac. To gouerne prouinces. Questiones omnes ex persona petitoris ipsius duximus. Quin. Ducere suam rationem. Cicero. To consider and haue regard of himselfe. Hanc nemo ducit rationem, sed, &c. Cæl ad CiceronÊ. No mã regardeth or hath consideration of this. Rationem sui commodi ducit. Cic. He hath regard of his owne commoditie. Officij rationem ducere. Cic. To haue regard of. Rationem salutis ducere. Cic. To regard his health. Ducere rationem curandi. Cels. To take a maner of curing. Ex his enim, similibúsque sæpe noua curandi ratio ducenda est. Cels By this and such like we must take or inuent a new maner of curing. Remos ducere. Ouid. To row. Retia. Ouid. To drawe nets. Ruinam. Sen. To fal downe: to haue a great fal downe. Sermonem re quapiam. Cic. To begin his talke at. Sessum. Plaut. To goe to sit. Similitudinem è re aliqua. Cic. To take a paterne or similitude. In opaco situm ducere. Quintil. To become or ware hoary in a shadowed place. Somnos. Virg. To sleepe. Somnium. Hor. Soporem. Tibul. Sortem. Cic. To drawe a lot. Spiritum. To breath. Et per translationem. Cic. To liue. Spiritum naribus. Varr. To breath at the nose. Stamina. Ouid. To spin. Sulcos. Plin. To cast furrowes. Suspiria. Mart. To sigh. Ex facto ipso suspiciones ducentur, si, &c. Cic. Suspicions may be gathered, &c. Tempus ducere. Ci. To prolong or protract time. In transennam dolis ducere. Plaut. To beguile or deceiue. Triumphum ducere. Plin. To haue a triumph. In triumpho ducere. Plin. To leade one in his triumph. Turmas ducere. Virg. Vallum. Liu. To cast or make a rampire or a trench. Eluto vasa ducere. Quin. To make or fashion earthen vessels. Verbum aliquod in longius ductum. Cic. A worde farre fer. Cupio nonnullos ducere versus. Ouid. Ducere viam. Quin. To follow. Et qua te ducit via, dirige gressum. Vir. Go on whither thy way leadeth thee. Ducere vitam. Cic. To leade his life. Vmbram. Lucr. To cast a shadow. Ad vmbilicum ducere. Hor. Vide VMBILICVS. Longas in fletum ducere voces. Virg. Vtilitatem ex re aliqua ducere. Cic. To take profit of a thing. Ducere vultum. Mart. To frowne: to looke sowre. Viuos vultus de marmore. Virg. To graue a liuely countenance in marble. Vxorem ducere. Cic. To mary a wife. Tibi ducitur vxor. Vir. Ducere verbum, pertinet ad vsurarum rationem. Cic. To recken: to pay: to account. Vsuras ducere. Cic. To pay or continue the payment of interest. Duci authoritate. Cic To be mooued, led or induced with authoritie. Duci cogitatione aliò. Cicer. By cogitation to be led to an other matter. Tantummodo coniectura ducor ad suspicandum. Cic. I am led by coniecture. Duci despicarui. Cicer. To be despised or light set by: to haue no account made of him. Duci phaleratis dictis. Ter. To be allured by faire wordes. Errore. Cic. To be deceiued or in a wrong opinion. Falso gaudio. Ter. To be foded out, or led a long time with opinion of a false gladnes. Gloria. Cic. To be mooued with honour. Mercede & præmio. Cic. To be moued with gaine and reward to doe a thing. Ineptijs ac fabulis. Cic. To take pleasure in phantasies & fables. Ira. Claud. To be moued with auger. In hostium loco & numero duci. Cic. To be esteemed and counted as enimies. Duci natura. Quin. Quæstu & lucro. Cic. Ratione aliqua. Lucr. Spe posteritatis fructúque duci. Cicer. Ventre. Hor. To loue good fare: to delight in belly cheere. Communi vtilitate duci. Quin. Ducere. Cic. To protract, prolong or delay. Bellum ducere. Cic. To protract or prolong warre. Ducere bellum in hyemem. Cæs. To prolong vntil. Ducere rem per altercationem. Liu. To put of the matter with finding contention and quarrelling. Ducere diem ex die. Cæs. To prolong from day to day. Ducere aliquem, pro Eludere moras nectendo. Cæs. Vbi se diurius duci intellexit. Cæs. When he perceiued that bee was foded forth with faire wordes. Ducere. Cic. To esteeme, iudge or thinke. Animo ducere. Virg. To thinke in his minde. Ducere infra se omnia humana. Cicer. To esteeme al worldely things inferiour to himselfe. Inter crimina ingrati animi & hoc duxerim. Plin. Nihil ducere in bonis præter virtutem. Ci. To count or esteeme nothing good but onely vertue. Ducere damno. Plaut. To count as a losse. Gloriæ ducere alicui quidpiain. Cicero. To attribute to one as praise. Ducere in gloria. Plin. To count a glorie or praise. Ducere honori. Salust To esteeme honourable. Ducere laudi. Terent. To bee counted a praise. Maguum ducere. Horat. To count a greate matter. Ducere minoris. Salust. To esteeme lesse. Officij duxit exorare filiæ patrem. Sueron. He thought it his duetie to reconcile the father to the daughter. Ducere parui. Cic. To make sinal account of. Ducere post necessaria sua honorem alterius. Salust. Ducere præse neminem. Author ad Herenn. To esteeme no man in comparison of himselfe. Ducere pro falsis. Salust. To take for lies. Ducere aliquid pro nihilo. Cic. To make no account of. Ducere aliquid vxori probro. Plaut. To obiect as reproth to his wife. Ducere aliquem ex ære. Plin. To engraue ones ymage in mettall. Duce, pro Duc. Plau.

I. Lit.

A. In gen.: quo sequar? quo ducis nunc me? Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 2: duc hos intro, id. Am. 2, 2, 224; id. Aul. 2, 6, 13: duc ac demonstra mihi, id. Cist. 2, 3, 36: suas secum mulierculas sunt in castra ducturi, Cic. Cat. 2, 10 fin.; cf. Caes. B. G. 5, 5 fin. et saep.: (difficile iter) vix qua singuli carri ducerentur, id. ib. 1, 6, 1; cf. plaustra, Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 34: aquam ducere, Cato ap. Charis. p. 192 P.; so, aquam per fundum ejus, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, 4: spiritum naribus, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 5: so, spiritum per siccas fauces, Sen. Ben. 3, 8; cf.: aërem spiritu, Cic. N. D. 2, 6 fin.: animam spiritu, id. ib. 2, 54, 136; and in gen.: spiritum, for to live, id. Fam. 10, 1; cf.: vitam et spiritum, id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33: tura naribus, to inhale, Hor. C. 4, 1, 22: sucos nectaris, to drink in full draughts, to quaff, id. ib. 3, 3, 34; cf. pocula, id. ib. 1, 17, 22; and: Liberum, id. ib. 4, 12, 14.—Poet.: jucunda oblivia vitae (referring to the waters of Lethe), Hor. S. 2, 6, 62 (cf. Verg. A. 6, 714 sq.) et saep.: mucronem, to draw from the scabbard, Verg. A. 12, 378; cf.: ferrum vaginā, Ov. F. 4, 929: ensem vagina, Sil. 8, 342; but: ensem duxerat faber, had beaten out, forged, Tib. 1, 3, 48: sortem, Cic. Div. 2, 33; Verg. A. 6, 22; hence, also transf. of that which is drawn by lot, Cic. Div. 1, 18, 34; id. Rep. 1, 34; Suet. Caes. 12; Tac. A. 1, 54; 3, 28 al.: pondus aratri, to draw, Ov. M. 7, 119: remos, to row, id. ib. 1, 294; cf. id. ib. 4, 353: numerosa brachia, in dancing, id. Am. 2, 4, 29: lanas, to spin, id. ib. 4, 34; cf. stamina, id. ib. 4, 221: ubera, to milk, id. ib. 9, 358: frena manu, to guide, govern, id. ib. 15, 518: vela, to haul (= navigare), Prop. 1, 6, 2: manus, of swimming, id. 3, 20, 2: ilia, to draw the flanks together, become broken-winded, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 9: os, to draw awry, to make wry faces, Cic. Or. 25 fin.; Quint. 9, 3, 101; cf. vultum, Ov. M. 2, 774; id. P. 4, 8, 13; Mart. 1, 41 et saep.: non equus impiger Curru ducet Achaico Victorem, to draw along, Hor. C. 4, 3, 5; cf. id. Ep. 1, 1, 93.—Absol.: sibi quisque ducere, trahere, rapere, to take to one's self, appropriate, Sall. J. 41, 5.—

B. Esp.

1. To lead, conduct, as a way or road: via ducit (te), in urbem? Verg. E. 9, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 7, 5; Verg. A. 1, 401; Ov. F. 2, 679: Brundisium Minuci melius via ducat an Appi, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 20: via ad undas, Ov. M. 3, 602: via ad infernas sedes, id. ib. 4, 433; cf.: iter ad urbem, id. ib. 437; Curt. 3, 28, 19; Sen. Prov. 6, 7; id. Vit. Beat. 1; Plin. 18, 11, 29, 111; Quint. 5, 9, 14; Liv. 5, 40, 8 al.—

2. Se, in colloq. lang., to betake one's self, go: jam me ad regem recta ducam, Plaut. Am. 4, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 8, 8; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 11; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 7: Balbus duxit se a Gadibus, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 1.—

3. A legal t. t., to take, lead away, drag, carry off a person before court, to prison, to punishment, etc.: POST. DEINDE. MANVS. INIECTIO. ESTO. IN. IVS. DVCITO, XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45; so, in jus, Liv. 2, 27: illos duci in carcerem jubent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30: aliquem in carcerem, Suet. Caes. 20: in vincula, id. ib. 79: ad mortem, Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1; Nep. Phoc. 4, 3; and absol.: ducite, ubi capiat, etc., Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 65; Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 14; Suet. Calig. 27; Plin. Ep. 10, 97, 3 al.: NI. IVDICATVM. FACIT. AVT. QVIS. ENDO. EM. IVRE. VINDICIT. SECVM. DVCITO. VINCITO, etc., XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 45: decreta ejus modi: SI PETIT DUCAS. C. Fuficium duci jussit petitorem, to be imprisoned, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, 31; so of a debtor (addictus) who is led off as a slave, Novat. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 63, 255; Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 87; Cic. Fl. 20 fin.; Liv. 6, 14 sq.; cf. id. 2, 23 med.; cf. prov.: stultitiast venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83. —

4. Uxorem, to lead a wife home, i. e. to marry: bona uxor si ea deducta est, etc.... Verum egon eam ducam domum, Quae, etc.? Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 91: uxorem domum, id. Aul. 2, 1, 40; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 68: filiam Orgetorigis in matrimonium, Caes. B. G. 1, 9, 3; cf. Liv. 4, 4: eum uxorem ducturum esse aliam, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 105: uxorem (or aliquam, filiam alicujus, etc.), id. Aul. 2, 1, 48; id. Cas. prol. 69 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 1, 128; 2, 1, 21 et saep.; Cic. Sest. 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4; id. B. C. 3, 110, 2; Verg. E. 8, 29; Vulg. Marc. 10, 11 et saep.—Absol.: si tu negaris ducere, Ter. And. 2, 3, 5; 2, 3, 9; id. Phorm. 2, 3, 76; Liv. 4, 4 al.: jugum ducere cum infidelibus, i. e. to be yoked in marriage, Vulg. 2 Cor. 6, 14.—Rarely for nubere: si ignorans statum Erotis ut liberum duxisti, isque postea servus est judicatus, etc., Imp. Antonin. ap. Cod. Just. 5, 18, 3.—In the comic poets, of taking home prostitutes, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 35; 4, 2, 44; id. Men. 1, 2, 15; id. Stich. 5, 4, 48; id. Truc. 3, 2, 10 et saep.—

5. In milit. lang.

a. Said of a commander, to lead, to cause to move, to march his army in any direction: locis apertis exercitum ducere, Caes. B. G. 1, 41, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 64 fin.; 1, 68, 1: exercitum ab Allobrogibus in Segusianos, id. B. G. 1, 10 fin.: exercitum in fines Suessionum, id. ib. 2, 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 4, 38, 3; 5, 18, 1: exercitum (legiones, etc.) in Bellovacos, id. ib. 2, 13, 1; 5, 24, 2 et saep.; cf. Tac. A. 2, 57: cohortes ad eam partem munitionum, quae, etc., Caes. B. C. 3, 62, 2: exercitum Uticam, id. ib. 2, 26, 1: reliquas copias contra Labienum, id. B. G. 7, 61 fin. et saep.—In pass., of the soldiers, to march, move: quam in partem aut quo consilio ducerentur, Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 2.—And in act., absol., of the general himself, to march, move (a favorite expression of Liv.; not in Caes. or Sall.): (Mettus) ducit, quam proxime ad hostem potest, Liv. 1, 23; 1, 27; 9, 35; 22, 18 et saep.—Hence,

b. In gen., to lead, command an army or (more freq.) a division: qua in legatione duxit exercitum, Cic. Mur. 9, 20; so, exercitum, Nep. Eum. 13, 1; id. Epam. 7, 3: qui superiore anno primum pilum duxerat, Caes. B. G. 5, 35, 6; 6, 38, 1; id. B. C. 3, 91, 1: ordinem, id. ib. 1, 13, 4; 3, 104, 3; Suet. Vesp. 1: partem exercitūs, Sall. J. 55, 4 et saep.—Rarely, to lead a division in front, in advance: consuetudine sua Caesar sex legiones expeditas ducebat: post eas ... inde, etc., Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 2; hence also, to march in front, take the lead, said of the division that forms the van: pars equitum et auxiliariae cohortes ducebant, mox prima legio, etc., Tac. A. 1, 51; cf. id. ib. 1, 64 fin.—

(b). Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, to lead, to be leader, head, chief, first in any thing: accedit etiam, quod familiam ducit, Cic. Fam. 7, 5 fin. Manut.; so, familiam, id. Phil. 5, 11, 30; id. Fin. 4, 16, 45: ordines, id. Phil. 1, 8, 20: classem (discipulorum), Quint. 1, 2, 24 Spald.: funus, Hor. Epod. 8, 12: toros, Ov. F. 6, 668 et saep.—

c. To conduct as prisoners in a triumph: per triumphum, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 26, 67: in triumpho, Plin. 7, 43, 45, 139, v. triumphus.—

6. With the accessory idea of creation, formation, to produce, form, construct, make, fashion, shape, dispose (cf.: struo, pono, condo, fundo): parietem per vestibulum alicujus, to erect, Cic. Mil. 27 fin.; cf. muros, Hor. C. 4, 6, 23: vallum ex castris ad aquam, Caes. B. C. 1, 73, 2: fossam, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; 7, 73, 2: arcum, Ov. M. 3, 160: lateres de terra, Vitr. 2, 3: vivos vultus de marmore (with excudere spirantia aera), Verg. A. 6, 849; cf. id. ib. 7, 634; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240; Varr. ap. Non. 283, 32; Plin. 7, 37, 38, 125; Quint. 10, 3, 18 Spald.; Juv. 7, 237; hence, poet. also: epos, Hor. S. 1, 10, 44: carmen, Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 18; 3, 14, 32: versus, id. ib. 5, 12, 63 et saep.: liniam ex colore, Plin. 35, 10, 36, 81; Quint. 2, 6, 2; cf. orbem, id. 11, 3, 118: alvum, to bring forth by clysters, Cels. 2, 12; 4, 4 et saep.: alapam alicui, qs. to fetch one a box on the ear, Phaedr. 5, 3, 2; cf. colaphum, Quint. 6, 3, 83 Spald.: pugnum, Dig. 47, 10, 4 et saep.; so esp. of processions, dances, etc.: funus, Cic. Quint. 15 fin.; Ov. M. 14, 746; Verg. G. 4, 256; cf. exsequias, Plin. 8, 42, 64, 154: pompam, Ov. H. 12, 152; id. F. 6, 405; id. M. 13, 699: choros, Tib. 2, 1, 56; Hor. C. 1, 4, 5; 4, 7, 6 et saep.; cf. choreas, Ov. M. 8, 582; 14, 520.—

7. To receive, admit, take any thing (not ante-Aug.): cicatricem, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 66; Liv. 29, 32, 12: rimam, Ov. M. 4, 65: situm, to grow rusty, Quint. 1, 2, 18: formam, Ov. M. 1, 402: colorem, id. ib. 3, 485; cf. pallorem, to grow pale, id. ib. 8, 760: nomina, Hor. C. 3, 27, 76: notam, id. ib. 4, 2, 59 et saep.

II. Trop.

A. In gen., to lead, guide, draw, conduct: progredimur quo ducit quemque voluntas, Lucr. 2, 258; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 27; 1, 6, 57: ad strepitum citharae cessatum ducere curam, id. ib. 1, 2, 31: Liber vota bonos ducit ad exitus, id. C. 4, 8, 34; cf. Quint. 12, 1, 26: per quaedam parva sane ducant (futurum oratorem), id. 1, 10, 5; cf. id. 1, 1, 27; 1, 5, 58.—Prov.: ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt, Sen. Ep. 107.—

B. In partic.

1. To draw, deduce, derive its origin or beginning from, any thing: ab aliqua re totius vitae ducere exordium, Cic. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.: exordium a nostra persona, Quint. 3, 8, 8; 4, 1, 7: principium disputationis a principe investigandae veritatis, Cic. N. D. 2, 21 fin.: belli initium a fame, id. Att. 9, 9, 2; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 21: initia causasque omnium ex quatuor temporum mutationibus, Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: originem ab Isocrate, Quint. 2, 15, 4; 1, 6, 38; Hor. C. 3, 17, 5 al.: ingressionem non ex oratoriis disputationibus, sed, etc., Cic. Or. 3, 11: honestum ab iis rebus, id. Off. 1, 18, 60; id. Or. 39, 135: nomen ex quo, id. Ac. 11, 41; cf.: nomen a Graeco, Quint. 1, 6, 3; 3, 7, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 66 et saep.; cf. also: utrumque (sc. amor et amicitia) ductum (al. dictum) est ab amando, Cic. Lael. 27; id. Fin. 2, 24, 78.—

2. To lead a person, as regards his will or opinions, in any direction; to move, incite, induce, allure, in a good or bad sense (most freq. in the pass.): ita me ad credendum tua ducit oratio, Cic. Tusc. 2, 18: nos ducit scholarum consuetudo, Quint. 4, 2, 28; 5, 11, 19; cf. id. 9, 1, 21: ducit te species, Hor. S. 2, 2, 35 et saep.: declamatores quosdam perversa ducit ambitio, ut, etc., Quint. 10, 7, 21.—In the pass.: si quis statuarum honore aut gloria ducitur, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 58 fin.: eloquentiae laude, id. Or. 32, 115: quaestu et lucro, id. Tusc. 5, 3, 9: hoc errore ut, etc., id. Off. 1, 41; cf.: litteris eorum et urbanitate, ut, etc., id. Rosc. Am. 41, 120: omnes trahimur et ducimur ad cognitionis et scientiae cupiditatem, id. Off. 1, 6 et saep.—

b. In a bad sense, to cheat, deceive, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 26; id. Capt. 4, 2, 7; Ter. And. 4, 1, 20; id. Ph. 3, 2, 15; Prop. 2, 17, 1 (3, 8, 1 M.); Ov. H. 19, 13; id. M. 3, 587 (with decipere).—

3. With regard to time, to draw out, extend, protract, prolong: bellum, Caes. B. G. 1, 38, 4; id. B. C. 2, 18, 6; 2, 37, 5 sq.; Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2; Liv. 22, 25 et saep.; cf.: bellum longius, Caes. B. C. 1, 64, 2; 3, 42, 3: bellum in hiemem, id. ib. 1, 61, 3: eam rem longius, id. B. G. 7, 11, 4; cf.: rem prope in noctem, id. B. C. 3, 51, 7: rem leniter, Liv. 3, 41 et saep. Also transf., of time itself: tempus, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11; Nep. Them. 7: diem ex die, Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 4; and of persons who are put off, delayed: ubi se diutius duci intellexit, id. ib. 1, 16, 5.—Less freq. (mostly poet.),

b. In gen., of time, to pass, spend, enjoy: aetatem in litteris, Cic. Fin. 5, 19, 50; so, aetatem, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 202: vitam, id. Epod. 17, 63; Sen. Ep. 45, 10; cf. Verg. A. 2, 641 (where, shortly before, vitam producere): noctes, Prop. 1, 11, 5; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 13: somnos, Verg. A. 4, 560.—

4. In mercant. lang., to calculate, compute, reckon: age nunc summam sumptus duc, Lucil. ap. Non. 283, 30: minimum ut sequamur, quoniam XC. medimnūm milia duximus, accedant eo, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 49; id. Att. 6, 1, 5 and 16; 6, 2, 7; Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 11; Gell. 1, 20, 5.—

b. Transf. beyond the mercant. sphere.

(a). Rationem alicujus, to consider, calculate, care for one's advantage or interest (a favorite expression of Cicero): duxi meam rationem, quam tibi facile me probaturum arbitrabar, Cic. Att. 8, 11 D, 7; so, suam quoque rationem, to have respect to one's own advantage, id. Verr. 2, 1, 48; and: non minorem aratorum quam populi rationem, Suet. Aug. 42 fin.: salutis meae rationem, Cic. Fam. 7, 3: rationem officii, non commodi, id. Sest. 10, 23; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 44, 128: unius cujusque temporis ducta ratio est, id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 16: rationem officii atque existimationis, id. Quint. 16, 53.—

(b). In gen., to reckon, consider, hold, account, esteem as any thing (cf. aestimo and existimo; very freq. in prose and poetry): parvi id ducebat, Cic. Fin. 2, 8, 24: pro nihilo aliquid, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 85; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 16 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 32, 90; cf. Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28: ea pro falsis ducit, Sall. C. 3, 2; cf.: innocentiam pro malevolentia, id. ib. 12, 1: vos eritis judices, Laudin' an vitio duci id factum oportuit, Ter. Ad. prol. 5; so, aliquid honori, Sall. J. 11, 3: aliquid laudi, Nep. praef. 4: aliquem despicatui, Cic. Fl. 27, 65: nihil praeter virtutem in bonis ducere (for which, shortly after, in bonis habere = numerare), Cic. Fin. 3, 3; aliquem in numero hostium, id. Verr. 2, 5, 25 fin.; Caes. B. G. 6, 32, 1; cf. ib. 6, 23, 8; without in, ib. 6, 21, 2; cf.: aliquem loco affinium, Sall. J. 14, 1 Kritz. N. cr.: aliquid testimonii loco, Quint. 5, 9, 10: tutelae nostrae duximus, cum Africo bello urgerentur, Liv. 21, 41; cf.: officii duxit exorare filiae patrem, etc., Suet. Tib. 11: faceret, quod e republica fideque sua duceret, id. ib. 25, 7 et saep.: malum cum amici tuum ducis malum, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 48; cf.: Archytas iracundiam seditionem quandam animi vere ducebat, Cic. Rep. 1, 38: eorum, quos idoneos ducebat, consilium habet, Sall. J. 62, 4: nil rectum nisi quod placuit sibi ducunt, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83.— With acc. and inf.: sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum, Verg. A. 6, 690: ut omnia tua in te posita esse ducas humanosque casus virtute inferiores putes, Cic. Lael. 2, 7, 19 fin.; id. Rep. 1, 2; 1, 17; 1, 38; 3, 9 (three times); Sall. J. 93, 5; Liv. 22, 14, 6; 22, 59, 5; Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 2; 4, 30, 2; 6, 18 et saep.—Here too probably belongs the much disputed passage: ludos et inania honoris medio rationis atque abundantiae duxit (= ludos publicos cum aliis rebus quae ad inania honoris pertinent, duxit, i. e. existimavit habendos et ponendos in medio rationis atque abundantiae, ut inter rationem, quae plane spernit inania, et abundantiam, quae eadem ostentat, media via incederet), he thought right to manage them in a middle course between reason and profusion, Tac. Agr. 6 fin., v. Dübner and Orell. ad h. l.

I. In gen.: illis non ducem locorum, non exploratorem fuisse, Liv. 9, 5, 7; cf. itineris, Curt. 5, 4: itinerum, Caes. B. G. 6, 17, 1: regendae civitatis (with auctor publici consilii), Cic. de Or. 3, 17, 63: dux isti quondam et magister ad despoliandum Dianae templum fuit, id. Verr. 2, 3, 21: nil desperandum Teucro duce et auspice Teucro, Hor. C. 1, 7, 27: tu dux et comes es, Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 119; id. P. 4, 12, 23 et saep. —In the fem., Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; id. Lael. 5, 19; id. Div. 2, 40; id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27; Verg. A. 1, 364; Ov. M. 3, 12; 14, 121 et saep.—

II. In partic., in milit. lang., a leader, commander, general-in-chief.

A. Prop., Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 2; 2, 23, 4 (with qui summam imperii tenebat); 3, 18, 7; 3, 23, 3 et saep.—Prov.: ducis in consilio posita est virtus militum, Pub. Syr. 136 (Rib.). Also a lieutenant-general, general of division (cf. duco, I. B. 5. b., and imperator), as opp. to the imperator, Caes. B. G. 3, 21, 1; Cic. Off. 3, 26, 99; id. Fl. 12, 27; Tac. H. 3, 37 al.—

B. Transf. beyond the milit. sphere, a leader, chief, head: dux regit examen, Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 23; cf. gregis, i. e. aries, Ov. M. 5, 327; 7, 311; so, pecoris, Tib. 2, 1, 58; but dux gregis = pastor, id. 1, 10, 10: armenti, i. e. taurus, Ov. M. 8, 884; of the head of a sect of philosophers, Lucr. 1, 638; cf. Quint. 5, 13, 59; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13.