Certaine: sure: without doubt. Also trustie: faithfull: vnfeined: appointed: determined: strong: hardy: steady: strine: constant. Certus sum ex hoc metu. Plaut. Incertus & Certus, coaria. Ter. Amor certus. Ouid. Vnieyned loue. Certo certius est. Vlp. It is most sure. Animo certo & confirmato posse consistere in causa. Cicer. Firme and constant. Arboribus certis grauis vmbra tribura est. Lucert. To certaine trees. Author certus, Vide AVTHOR. Author certissimus. Virg. Sure and approued. Auxilium certum. Cic. Certis de causis aliter existimare. Cic. For certaine causes. Conditio certa. Cic. Consul certissimus. Cic. That is assured to be, &c. Crimen certum. Cic. Notorious and manifest. Certa crux. Cic. Certos & constantes cursus habere. Cic. Danmum accipere certum. Horat. Deus certissimus. Cic. Dertra certa. Mart. A sure hand that neuer misseth. In diem certam conueuiunt. Liu. Vpon a certayne day appointed and named. Ante certam diem decedere. Cic. Before a certaine day appointed. Dic cerca promittere. Vlpian. Dicbus certis aliquid facere. Virgil. To doe on certaine dayes appoynted. Dolor certus. Horat. A griefe that will continue. Domus certa. Virg. Exercitus certus. Cic. Familias certas duas babere. Cic. Fides animis certa. Val. Flac. Facti certa fides est. Ouid. It is certaine, that it was done. Non certæ fidei res. Plin. iun. A matter not altogither doubtlesse. Finis certa. Lueret. Fines certi in rebus. Horat. Eluitana reddere certa. Horat. To make constant & sure those things that wauer. Fœdere certo. Virg. Fructus certos ac deformatos ostendere. Quint. Genus quæstionum certum. Cic. Hæres certus. Sen. A lawfull heyre. Hastam certam quatere. Virg. Homines certi. Cic. Certaine persons, that one can name if he will. Tctus certus. Virg. A sure blow. Iuimicus certus. laut. Lex certa & definita in carminibus. Cic. Lege certa aliquid facure. Ouid. Vnder a certaine condition. Loca certa. Virg. Certaine proper and dererminate places. Certus & definitus locus. Cic. Determined and appointed. Loco certo dicere. Cic. In time wid place conuenient. Luminibus dicendi cerns oare. Cic. Magistratum certum piæsicere procuraoni alioui. Cic. Mauus certa. Quint. A sure hand that failcth not. Maou certa telum missium librare. Sen. Matricida certissimùs. Cic. A knowne murderer of, &c. Mente certa aliquid agere. Onid. To do stuurnly. Mensis certus. Cic. Certa quadam moderetione. Cic. Motus cæli certi. Cic. Certaine: ordinarie. Nebulo certior nullus illo, Cic. There is no verper knaue. Certo nomine malesicij vocabitur in iudicium. Cic. Nominibus certis cautos expendere nummos. Horat. Opes cerræ. Plaut. Horum certa est oratio. Plaut. Their wordes be true. Ordo certus. Lucret. Certas in partes diuidere. Cic. Patrisfamiliâs certi officia nosse. Cic. Patre certo nasci. Cic. To be borne in mariage. Pectora certa. Virg. Constant: bartie. Pede certo signare humum. Horat. Penates certi. Virg. A certaiue and appointed place to divell in. Personas certas interpretatur Asconius cos, qui iudices fieri poterant. Pœnæ certissimæ in impios: constitutæ, Cic. Progenies certa. Sen. A lawfull childe. Proles certilsima. Virg. Regio certa loci. Lucret. Requies certa laborum. Virg. Rescertas nuntiare. Cic. Sagitta certa. Horat. An arrow that nener falleth. Signum amoris certissimum. Cic. Signis certis aliquid cognosoere: Virg. Spes certa magis. Ouid. Spes certissima. Cic. Stipulatio certa. Vlp. Tempestas bona & certa. Cic. Certum anni tempus. Plin. Tempus certum, dimcosumque. Plin. ion. Tempore cæli certo. Virg. Tempore certo conuenire. Cic. Testis certissimus. Sil. A true witnesse. De tramite certo pelli. Horat. Certìor transitus. Plin. That hath lesse daunger. Tribus certa. Cic. Vectigalia certissima. Cic. Certis verbis se deuouere pro Republica. Cic. With certayne solemne wordes. Certis quibusdam verbis fieri cum superiore diuortium. Cic. Vatin certa vocis. Cic. Voluntatem alicuius alteri certam esse. Virg. Voluptas certa. Lucret. Certa res est Tet. The matter is out of doubt. Certa res est Plaut. concluded and determined. Amici certi. Plaut. Sure and vnfeyned friendes. Homines certi. Cic. Trnstie messengers. Dubium & Certum, contraria. Lucier. Maris certa. Tac. The quiet sea. Certum quiddam & breue exempli causa ponámus. Cic. Certum est. Ter. It is cleere and manifelt. Parum certum est mihi de hoc. Plancus Cic. Certum est de iure. Cic. Certum est de aliquo. Brutus & Cassius Antonio. CertÛ est. Ci. I am determined, or I am concluded to do it. Certum est deliberatúmque. Cic. Mihi autem abiurare certius est, qum dependere. Cic. I am rather determined, &c. Cerium est facere. Plaut. I am determined to do. Non certum est mihi quid agam. Ter. I am not determined or resolued. Si istuc ita certum est tibi. Ter. If you be so determined. Certum atque obstinatom. Liu. Certum est istuc Ter. Definitum ant certum esse. Cic. Audire certum. Horat. To heare for a suretie. Clare & certum loqui. Horat. To speake plainely and distinctly. Certum alicui facere. Plaut. To assure one. Certius alicui facere. Plaut. To aduertise. Certum facere aliquem. Plaut. To certisie: to signifie to. Certum habere aliquid Cic. To know sutely. Habere certum de aliquo quid agat. Cic. To know certainly what to do. Nihil certi de aliquo habere. Cic. Mittere certa ad aliquem. Cic. Inuemre cortum. Cælius ad Ciceronem. Ponere certum in aliquo. Cic. Nescíre certum Cic. Not to know the certaintie. Certum non scimus. Ter. Pro certo creditur. Salust. It is beleeued for a suretie. Pro certo dicere. Cic. Pro certo habere. Cic. Pro certo iam habetur, regem Alexandrinum mortuum. Cælius Cicerom. They count it as sure that, &c. Pro certo babere de re aliqua. Cic. Pro certo negare. Cic. Pro certo polliceri atque confirmare aliquid. Cic. Pro certo putare aliquid. Cic. Pro certóne tu istæc dicis? er. Certiorem facere aliquem. Cic. To certisie. Qum diligentissimè facere aliquem ceitiorem. Cic. Per literas certiorem facere. Cic. To write to one of it. Per notas certiorem facere. Cic. Fieri certiorem aduentu alicuius. Cic. Certiorem fieri scripto alicuius. Ouid. Certus cum genitiuo. Virg. Iam certus cundi. Determined to depart. Vtinam tui consilij certior factus essem. Cic. I would I had knowne your minde or pnrpose. Iudex quamprimum certus esse sententiæ cupit. Quint. Desciscendi certus. Tac. Destinationis certus. I ac. Dissidij certus. Tac. Exitij certus. Tac. Sure to die. Futuri certus. Sen. Assured of that should come. Matrimonij certa. Tac. Assured to be maried. Relinquendæ vitæ certus. Tac. Determined to die. Sceleris certa mulier. Tac. Determined to commit. Certus, cum ablatiuo, vt laculis certus. Valer. Flac. A sure and cunning darter. Certus com infinitiuo. vt Certus succurrere. Val. Flac. Certus mori. Stat.

I. (Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my (thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.): certum'st hominem eludere, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109: tibi credere, id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31: certum atque decretum est non dare signum, Liv. 2, 45, 13: certum est igni circumdare muros, Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense: certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15: certum est, jam dicam patri, id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15: certum est, ibo ad medicum, id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74; so further with istuc, id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30: mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere, Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3: ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium, Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60: quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc., Ter. And. 2, 3, 16: certa res hanc est objurgare, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—

b. (From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.

(a). With inf.: certa mori, Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475: decrevitque mori): certi non cedere, Ov. M. 9, 43: certa sequi, Val. Fl. 5, 47.—

(b). With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. 437, n. 1; A. and S. 213, R. 1): certus eundi, Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440: desciscendi, Tac. H. 4, 14: relinquendae vitae, id. A. 4, 34: necis, Sil. 6, 27: fugae, Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12: destinationis, Tac. A. 12, 32: sceleris, id. ib. 12, 66: consilii, id. H. 2, 46.—

(g). With an: nec sat certa an cederet armis, Sil. 9, 480.—

II. An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7; with praefinitus, Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).

A. Object.

1. Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.): Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa, Lucr. 6, 783: fruges, bacae, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19: jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat, id. Cat. 3, 7, 16: concilium in diem certam indicere, Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.; so with dies, a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.: certis diebus, Verg. G. 2, 329: quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant, Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41: certum praefinitumque tempus, id. Galb. 14; and: certum statumque vectigal, id. Calig. 40: pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum, Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56: locus, Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6: numerus, id. ib. 7, 75: signum, fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27: naves, fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56: pecuniae imperabantur, id. ib. 3, 32 fin.: conviva, i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid: ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem, Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—

b. But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis): Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, 128: habet certos sui studiosos, id. Brut. 16, 64: (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit, id. Sest. 27, 58: certi homines ad eam rem periti, id. ib. 18, 41: res a certis hominibus corrupta, id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis: ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati, Quint. 8, prooem. 2; so id. 8, prooem. 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8; 11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes, id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. 4; and subst.: in his certos aliquos docebit, id. 2, 8, 13.—

2. Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).

a. Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.: tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57: certi homines, quibus dem litteras, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, 156: certus enim promisit Apollo, etc., Hor. C. 1, 7, 28: auctor (mortis), Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5: adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem, Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2: per litora certos dimittam, Verg. A. 1, 576: certissimus auctor (Phoebus), id. G. 1, 432.—

b. Of things: satis animo certo et confirmato, Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf. pectora, Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10: promissa, Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1: parata dicendi copia et certa, Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. 9: jus, id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.: jactus (telorum), Tac. A. 14, 37; cf. in this sense certa hasta, Verg. A. 11, 767: sagitta, Hor. C. 1, 12, 23: fides segetis, id. ib. 3, 16, 30: spes, id. C. S. 74: trames, id. S. 2, 3, 49: lar, id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.: plana et certa, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1: certa et clara, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.: certa maris, Tac. H. 4, 81.—

B. Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.): cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent, Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29: incerta pro certis malebant, Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.: incerta pro certis mutare, id. J. 83, 1: postremo certior res, Liv. 29, 6, 12: certiora esse dicunt quam, etc., Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum: hisce oculis egomet vidi, Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31: jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse? id. Enn. 4, 4, 36: cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis, Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1: id parum certum est, Liv. 5, 35, 3: cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium, Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8: nec quicquam certi respondes mihi? Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84: neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat, Caes. B. G. 7, 45: certum inveniri non potest ne ... an, id. B. C. 1, 25: si quicquam humanorum certi est, Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror: Certum non scimus, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.: certum habere, to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.: certum respondeo, Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92: cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere, Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23: negare, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5: polliceri, id. Agr. 2, 37, 102: dicere aliquid, id. Brut. 3, 10: ponere, Liv. 23, 6, 8: scire, id. 25, 10, 1: affirmare, id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.: creditur, Sall. C. 15, 2: coeperit esse, Quint. 5, 12, 2: certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re, Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.: quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.: et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum, Dig. 42, 8, 10, 14: certo certius, Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—

2. Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure: certi sumus periisse omnia, Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5: num quid nunc es certior? Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191: posteritatis, i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1: sententiae, Quint. 4, 3, 8: judicii, Sen. Ep. 45, 9: certus de suā geniturā, Suet. Vesp. 25: damnationis, id. Tib. 61: exitii, Tac. A. 1, 27: spei, id. H. 4, 3: matrimonii, id. A. 12, 3: certi sumus, etc., Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing: me certiorem face, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69: ut nos facias certiores, Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32: uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant, Caes. B. G. 2, 2: qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit, Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2: Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere, Caes. B. G. 1, 11: faciam te certiorem quid egerim, Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only: milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium, Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.—Pass.: quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1: Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse, Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3: factus certior, quae res gererentur, Caes. B. C. 1, 15: non consulibus certioribus factis, Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely: fac me certum quid tibi est, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179: lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae, Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.

A. certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.

1. Object.: perii certo, haud arbitrario, Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106: mihi certo nomen Sosia'st, id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12: nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—

b. In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

2. Subject.

a. In gen. (very rare): certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum, Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4: ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—

b. Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.): certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19: quod te moleste ferre certo scio, Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16: veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio, Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—

B. certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).

I. Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.

1. Object.: certe edepol, tu me alienabis, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243: ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: certe hercle, id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10: quom is certe Renuntiarit, id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4: certe captus est! id. And. 1, 1, 55: certe ut videamur cernere eum, Lucr. 4, 760: si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est, Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5: fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc., id. Planc. 16, 38: ea certe vera sunt, id. Mil. 35, 96: M. Catoni certe licuit, etc., id. Rep. 1, 1, 1: jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda, id. ib. 1, 5, 9: cum se certe decessurum videret, id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, 104; Cat. 62, 8: certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus, Verg. A. 1, 234: o dea certe, a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328: postremo expellet certe vivacior heres, Hor. S. 2, 2, 132: placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc., Ov. M. 2, 543 al.— Comp.: speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant, Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3: si reperire vocas amittere certius, Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.—Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—

b. In an answer of affirmation: estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto, Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—

2. Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.): certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115: edepol certo scio, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20: scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam, id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32: ex litteris certe scire potuistis, id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29: quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse, id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, 1.—

b. In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—

c. In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. i)/sws: ah nugas agis, Certe habes, Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58: si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis, Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —

(b). In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—

II. Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).

A. Alone: si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis, Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16: cingitur, certe expedit se, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152: ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant, Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117: haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt, id. Ac. 2, 32, 105: qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe, id. Phil. 12, 4, 8: res fortasse verae, certe graves, id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13: consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse, id. 22, 34, 11: quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus, Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.: quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest, Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so, ego certe, Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57: certe ego, Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13: mihi certe, Quint. 10, 3, 23: ipse certe, id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—

B. With other particles.

1. With tamen: illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—

2. With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—

3. With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —

4. With quidem: ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est, Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70: quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri, id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50: certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc., Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.: hic quidem certe memorat, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)