A pebble or grauell stone: the stone in the body: a chesse man, or table man: counters to cast with: accompt it selfe: a doubt or difficult reason: a sinall weight. Spinosi calculi. Cels. Calculum reducere. Cic. To reuoke a sentence or purpose ill begunne. Ad calculos vocare amicitiam. Cic. Hoc quidem est nimis exiguè & exiliter ad calculos vocaramicitiam. To accompt what pleasures he hath done, lookyng for as many againe. Vide Voco in VOX. Imponere calculum, Col. To cast accompt, or recken. Ponere calculum. Col. Idem. Calculum ponere cum aliquo. Plin. iun. To accõpt with one. Et sanè hic quoque in conditionibus deligendis ponendus est calculus. Plin. iun. This must be noted. Calculum pare ponere. Plin. iun. To requite. Ad calculos reuerti. Cic. To returne to our accompt: to recken better: by a metaphor, to haue regarde of that before he omitted. Subducere calculos. Cic. To cast accompt: to tecken. Calculi, pro Difficultatibus. Plin. iun. Omnes quos ego noui in vtraque parte calculos, pone. Doubtes. Calculo candido notate diem. Plin. iun. To marke as fortunate and lucky. Calculum album adijcere errori alterius. Plin. iun. To approue. Calculus niger. An yll sentence that condemneth. Calculum de se permittere. Plin. iun. To make an other ludge of him. Calculus. Is vsed of Columella for reuenues, or as much as one can spende.

I. In gen., a small stone, a pebble: conjectis in os calculis, Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261: Demosthenes calculos linguā volvens dicere domi solebat, Quint. 11, 3, 54; Vitr. 7, 2: argilla et dumosis calculus arvis, gravel in the thorny fields, Serv. ad Verg. G. 2, 180; Plin. 4, 8, 15, 37; 28, 9, 33, 124.—

B. Trop., of discourse: qui tenui venulā per calculos fluunt, Quint. 12, 10, 25.—

II. Esp.

A. A stone in the bladder or kidneys, the gravel, stone, Cels. 7, 26: curare, Plin. 20, 21, 86, 234: comminuere et eicere, id. 20, 4, 13, 23; cf. eicere, Suet. Aug. 80: movere, Plin. 20, 22, 91, 248: exturbare, id. 20, 10, 42, 109: frangere, id. 22, 21, 29, 59: rumpere, id. 23, 8, 80, 153. —

B. A draughtsman, a stone or counter used in playing draughts. called duodecim scripta, in which, as in chess, by driving a piece from one square to another, the person beaten could not finally move at all (ad incitas redactus est): in lusu duodecim scriptorum cum prior calculum promovisset, etc., Quint. 11, 2, 38; cf. Ov. A. A. 2, 207; 3, 357; id. Tr. 2, 478; Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 5; Mart. 14, 20; Isid. Orig. 18, 67: calculorum ludus, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 5, 165.—

2. Trop.: calculum reducere, to take back a move: tibi concedo, quod in XII. scriptis solemus, ut calculum reducas, si te alicujus dati paenitet, Cic. ap. Non. p. 170, 28 (Hortens. Fragm. 51 B. and K.): quā re nunc saltem ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abjecimus, i. e. those principles of action, id. Att. 8, 12, 5.—

C. A stone used in reckoning on the counting-board; hence meton., a reckoning, computing, calculating: calculi et rationes, Quint. 11, 3, 59; 7, 4, 35; 8, 3, 14; 12, 11, 18 Spald.: calculos subducere, to compute, reckon, cast up, Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 60: ponere, Col. 3, 3, 7: ponere cum aliquo, Plin. Pan. 20, 5: de posteris cogitanti in condicionibus deligendus ponendus est calculus, id. ib. 1, 14, 9: amicitiam ad calculos vocare, to subject to an accurate reckoning, hold to a strict account, Cic. Lael. 16, 58: si ad calculos eum respublica vocet, settles accounts, reckons, Liv. 5, 4, 7: revocare aliquid ad calculos, Val. Max. 4, 7, 1: ratio calculorum, Col. 1, 3, 8.—

2. Trop.: cum aliquā re parem calculum ponere, i.e. to render equal for equal, Plin. Ep. 5, 2, 1: quos ego movi calculos, considerations which I have suggested, id. ib. 2, 19, 9.—

D. In the most ancient per., a stone used in voting; a vote, sentence, decision, suffrage; a white one for assent or acquittal, a black for denial or condemnation; cf. Ov. M. 15, 41 sq.; App. M. 10, p. 242.— Hence judicialis, Imp. Just. Cod. 3, 1, 12: deteriorem reportare, i. e. an adverse decision, Impp. Diocl. et Max. Cod. 7, 62, 10: calculis omnibus, by a unanimous vote, App. M. 7, p. 191, 21.—Trop.: si modo tu fortasse errori nostro album calculum adjeceris, i. e. approve, Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 5.—

E. The Thracians were accustomed to preserve the recollection of fortunate occurrences by white stones, and of unfortunate by black, Plin. 7, 40, 41, 131.—Hence,

2. Trop.: o diem laetum, notandumque mihi candidissimo calculo! i. e. a most happy day! Plin. Ep. 6, 11, 3; cf. Mart. 12, 34, 9, 53; Pers. 2, 1 sq.—

F. In late Lat., a small weight: calculus constat ex granis ciceris duobus, Auct. Ponder ap. Goes. Agr. p. 322 (in Isid. Orig. 16, 25, 8, called calcus).