[Remark: this dictionary entry has no valid XML/HTML content in database so a text version of this entry is shown.]: <b><G>w(s</G></b> (1): prep. w. acc., only with personal obj., <i>to;</i> <G>w(s to\n o(moi=on</G>, Od. 17.218.<p /><b><G>w(s</G></b> (2) (<G>yws</G>): I. adv., <i>as, how;</i> answering to <G>tw/s, w(/s</G> (<G>w(=s</G>), <G>ou(/tw, to/sson</G>, Od. 14.44; so surely as, Il. 8.541; often <G>w(s o(/te, w(s ei)</G>, and used with single words as well as with clauses. Exclamatory, <i>how!</i> Od. 16.364, Od. 24.194. — II. conj., (1) temporal, <i>as, when</i>, always of a fact, with ind., Il. 23.871. — (2) explanatory (like <G>o(/ti</G>), <i>that</i>, Od. 3.346; and causal, <i>because</i> (=<G>o(/ti ou(/tws</G>), Il. 4.157, Od. 2.233, Od. 17.243.—(3) final, <i>that, in order that.</i>— (4) idiomatically used in the expression of a wish, like <foreign lang=la>utinam</foreign>, Il. 18.107, Il. 3.428.
ὡσ:— Summary: A. as ADVERB of Manner. Aa.ὧσ and ὥσ (with accent),
so, thus.
Ab.ὡσ (without accent) of the Relat. Pron. ὅς,
as.
Ac.ὡσ Relat. and Interrog.,
how.
Ad.ὡσ temporal,
when.
Ae.ὡσ Local,
where,
B.ὡς, as CONJUNCTION. C, D. various usages. A. ADVERB of Manner: Aa.ὥσ, Demonstr., = οὕτωσ,
so, thus,
freq. in Hom., Il.1.33, al.; ὢς εἶπ'Sapph.Supp.20
a.
11 (Epic style); in Ion. Prose, Hdt.3.13, al.; rare in Att., and almost confined to certain phrases, v. infr. 2, 3; ὥσ simply = οὕτωσ, A.Ag.930, Th.3.37, Pl.Prt.338a; ἀλλ' ὣς γενέσθωE.Hec.888, al. 2.καὶ ὧσ even
so, nevertheless,
Il.1.116, al.; οὐδ' ὧσ not even
so,
7.263, Od.1.6, al., Hdt.6.76; οὐδέ κεν ὧσIl.9.386: the phrases καὶ ὧς, οὐδ' ὧς, μηδ' ὧς, are used in Trag. and Att., S.Ant.1042, Th.1.74, 7.74; also later, PCair.Zen.19.10 (iii B. C., unaccented), UPZ146.40 (ii B. C.), GDI 1832.11 (Delph., ii B. C.), IG22.850.17 (iii B. C.); κἂν ὧς, εἴπερ μέλει σοι, ἀπόστειλόν μοί τιναPOxy.120.11(iv A. D.); δουλεύων καθὼς καὶ ὧσGDI2160 (Delph., ii B. C.); Thess. καὶ οὗσIG9(2).234.1(iii B. C.); for this phrase the accentuation ὧσ is prescribed by Hdn.Gr.2.932, al., cf. A.D.Synt.307.16, and is found in good Mss. of Homer; for the remaining uses under this head (Aa. 1, 3, 4) the accentuation ὥσ is prescribed by the same grammarians. 3. in Comparisons, ὥς .., ὡσ ..,
so ..as
.., etc.; and reversely ὡς .., ὣσ ..,
as ..so,
Il.1.512, 14.265, etc.; in Att., Pl.R.530d; also ὥς τε ..ὣσ ..,
Od.5.129, h.Ven. 218; ὥσ shd. be accented in Od.5.121, 125. Ab.ὡσ, Relat.,
as,
Hom., etc.; prop. relat. to a demonstr. Adv., which is freq. omitted, κινήθη δ' ἀγορὴ ὡς κύματα μακρὰ θαλάσσης, i. e. οὕτως, ὡσ .., Il.2.144 (φὴZenod.): it is relat. not only to the regular demonstr. Advs. ὥς ὧς, τώς, ὧδε, οὕτως, αὕτως, but also to ταύτῃ,Pl.R.365d, etc. We find a collat. Dor. form ὥ (q. v.); cf. ὥτε. Usage: I. in similes, freq. in Hom., Il.5.161, al.; longer similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ' ὅτε, ἤριπε δ', ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] 4.462: ἤριπε δ', ὡς ὅτε τις δρῦς ἤριπε 13.389, cf. 2.394; so later, Emp.84.1, etc.; ὡς ὅτε θαητὸν μέγαρον, πάξομενPi.O.6.2: ὡς ὅτε is rare in short similes, Od.11.368: ὡσ is folld. by indic.pres., Il.9.4, 16.364: also by aor., 3.33 sq., 4.275, 16.823, al.; also by subj.pres. or aor., 5.161, 10.183,485, 13.334 (sts. ὡς δ' ὅτ' ἄν, 11.269, 17.520); cf. ὥστε A:— the Verb is sts. omitted with ὡς, but may be supplied from the context, ἐνδούπησε πεσοῦσ', ὡς εἰναλίη κήξ (sc. πίπτει) Od.15.479, cf. 6.20; θεὸς δ' ὣς τίετο δήμῳIl.5.78; οἱ δὲ φέβοντο .., βόες ὣς ἀγελαῖαιOd.22.299: where ὡσ follows the noun to which it refers, it takes the accent; so in Com., Ἀριστόδημος ὥσCratin.151, cf. Eub.75.6; v. infr. H. 2.
like as, just as,
ὡς οὗτος κατὰ τέκν' ἔφαγε .., ὣς ἡμεῖς κτλ.Il.2.326, v. supr. Aa. 3. 3. sts. in the sense
he can, Democr.278; τὸ ῥῆμα μέμνημαι ὡς εἶπεAeschin.3.72; ὡς μή = ὅσον μή, νέμεν ὅτι ἃν ( = ἂν) βόλητοι ὡς μὴ ἰν τοῖ περιχώροιIG5(2).3.9 (Tegea, iv B. C.); cf. Ab. 11.2 infr. 4. sts. after Comp.,
compared with,
hence
than,
μᾶλλον πρέπει οὕτως ὡσ ..Pl.Ap.36d; ἅ γε μείζω πόνον παρέχει ..οὐκ ἂν ῥᾳδίως οὐδὲ πολλὰ ἂν εὕροις ὡς τοῦτοId.R.526c; οὐδενὸς μᾶλλον φροντίζειν ὡσ ..Plb.3.12.5, cf. 7.4.5, 11.2.9, Plu.Cor.36: μᾶσσον ὡσ is dub. in A.Pr.629, and ἢ shd. perh. be inserted in Lys.7.12,31; cf. ὥσπερ IV. II. with Adverbial clauses: 1. parenthetically, in qualifying clauses, ὡς ἔοικε, etc., Pl.Smp.176c, etc.: in these cases γε or γοῦν is freq. added, ὡς γοῦν ὁ λόγος σημαίνει
as
at any rate the argument shows, Id.R.334a; in some phrases c. inf., v. infr. B. 11.3. An anacoluthon sts. occurs by the Verb of the principal clause being made dependent on the parenthetic Verb, ὡς δὲ Σκύθαι λέγουσι, νεώτατον ἁπάντων ἐθνέων εἶναι (for ἦν) τὸ σφέτερονHdt.4.5, cf. 1.65; ὡς ἐγὼ ἤκουσα, εἶναι αὐτόνId.4.76; ὡς γὰρ ..ἤκουσά τινος, ὅτι ..X.An.6.4.18 codd.; ἁνὴρ ὅδ' ὡς ἔοικεν οὐ νεμεῖν (for οὐ νεμεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε), S.Tr.1238. 2. in elliptical phrases,
so far as
..(cf. supr. Ab.1.3) ὡς ἐμοίId.Aj. 395 (lyr.); so ὥς γε ἐμοὶ κριτῇAel.VH2.41 and ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇE.Alc.801; ὡς ἐμῇ δόξῃX.Vect.5.2; ὡς ἀπ' ὀμμάτων (sc. εἰκάσαι) to judge by eyesight, S.OC15: esp. in such phrases as οὐκέτι πολλὸν χωρίον, ὡς εἶναι ΑἰγύπτουHdt.2.8; οὐδὲ ἀδύνατος, ὡς Αακεδαιμόνιοσ
a woman, S.OT1078; πιστός, ὡς νομεύς, ἀνήρ ib.1118; μακρὰν ὡς γέροντι ..ὁδόνId.OC20, cf. 385, Ant.62, etc.; ὡπλισμένοι ὡς ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἱκανῶσX.An.4.3.31; also with ἄν, μεγάλα ἐκτήσατο χρήματα, ὡς ἂν εἶναι ῬοδῶπινHdt.2.135 codd. (ἂν secl. Krüger, Ῥοδώπιοσ cj. Valck.):— for ὡς εἰπεῖν and the like , v. infr. B. 11.3. 3.ὡσ attached to the object of the Verb,
as,
ἑωυτὸν ὡς ἐχθρὸν λυπέειDemocr.88; ἔλαβεν ἀμφοτέρους ὡς φίλους ἤδηX.Cyr.3.2.25; ἐν οἰκήματι ᾧ ὡς ταμιείῳ ἐχρῆτοPl.Prt.315d.— For the similar usage of ὡσ with Participles and Prepositions, v. infr. c. III. with Adverbs: a. with the Posit., ὡς ἀληθῶσ
truly,
Pl.Phdr.234e (cf. ἀληθήσ 111.1b: as if Adv. of τὸ ἀληθέσ); ὡς ἑτέρωσ
in the other way,
ib.276c, D.18.212 (Adv. of ὁ ἕτερος; v. ἕτεροσ v. 2) (v. infr. D.1.1); ὡς ἠπίως, ὡς ἐτητύμως,S.El.1438 (lyr.), 1452; ὡς ὁμοίωσSIG708.34 (Istropolis, ii B. C.), LXX4 Ma.5.21, 1 Enoch5.3, IG7.2725.16 (Acraeph., ii A. D.); ὡς ἐναλλάξVett.Val. 215.9, 340.2; ὡς παντελῶσId.184.26; ὡς ἄλλωσIs.7.27, D.6.32; ὡς ἐνδεχομένωσPPetr.2p.53(iii B. C.); in ὣς αὔτωσ (v. ὡσαύτωσ) we have the Adv. of ὁ αὐτός, but the ὥσ retains its demonstr. force, as does ὁ in Homer; ὡς ἀληθῶς, ὡς ὁμοίως, and ὡς παντελῶσ may be modelled on ὣς αὔτως, with which they are nearly synonymous; so also ὡς ἑτέρωσ and ὡς ἐναλλάξ, which are contrasted with it. b. with Advbs. expressing anything extraordinary, θαυμαστῶσ or θαυμασίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς, v. sub vocc.; ὡσ is sts. separated by several words from its Adv., as θαυμαστῶς μοι εἶπες ὡς παρα' δόξανPl.Phd.95a; ὑπερφυῶς δὴ τὸ χρῆμα ὡς δύσγνωστον φαίνεταιId.Alc.2.147c, cf. Phd. 99d. c. with the Sup.,
as much as can be,
ὡς μάλισταTh.1.141, etc.: ὡς ῥᾷστα
as
easily
as possible,
A.Pr.104; ὡς πλεῖσταDemocr. 189; ὠς τάχιστα
as
quickly
as possible,
Alc.Supp.4.15, etc.; more fully expressed, ὡς δυνατὸν ἄρισταIsoc.12.153; ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλόταταTh.7.50; μαχομένους ὡς ἂν δυνώμεθα κράτισταX.An.3.2.6; ὡς οἷόν τε βελτιστονPl.R.403d; ὡς ἀνυστὸν κάλλιστα Diog.Apollon.3: ὡσ and ὅτι are sts. found together, where one is superfluous, ὡς ὅτι μάλισταPl.Lg.908a; βοῦν ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστονIG22.1028.17(ii/i B. C.); v. infr. G. d. with Comp., ὡς θᾶσσονPlb.1.66.1, 3.82.1. e. in the phrases ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ,Pl.R.330c, 377b; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖον for the more part, commonly, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστονTh.2.34; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος, ὡς πλήθει,Pl.R.364a, 389d; ὡς τὸ ἐπίπανHdt.7.50, etc.; ὡς τὰ πολλάAel.NA12.17. 2. with Adjs., a. Posit., ὑπερφυεῖ τινι ..ὡς μεγάλῃ βλάβῃPl.Grg.477d. b. with Sup., ὡς ἄριστοι τὰς φύσεισId.Ti.18d; ὅπως ὡς βέλτισται ἔσονταιId.Grg.503a; ὡς ὅτι βέλτιστονId.Smp.218d. c. separated from the Adj. by a Prep., ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιστονTh.1.63, cf. D.18.246; ὡς ἐν βραχυτάτοισAntipho 1.18; ὡς ἐν ἐχυρωτάτῳ ποιεῖσθαιX.Cyr. 1.6.26, etc. Ac. Relat. and Interrog.,
with past tenses of the indic., ἐνῶρτο γέλως .., ὡς ἴδονIl.1.600: with opt., to express a repeated action,
whenever,
ὡς ..ἐς τὴν Μιλησίην ἀπίκοιτοHdt.1.17: rarely c. subj., to denote what happens under certain conditions, τῶν δὲ ὡς ἕκαστός οἱ μειχθῇ, διδοῖ δῶρονId.4.172, cf. 1.132; later, ὡς ἄν c. subj.,
PCair.Zen.241.1 (iii B. C.), cf. LXX1 Ki.9.13, Jo.3.8: in orat. obliq. c. inf., Hdt.1.86, 96, al.: expressed more forcibly by ὡς ..τάχιστα, some word or words being interposed, ὡς γὰρ ἐπετρόπευσε τάχιστα
as soon as ever
.., Id.1.65; ὡς δὲ ἀφίκετο τάχισταX.Cyr.1.3.2: less freq. ὡς τάχιστα stand together, Aeschin.2.22: but this usage must be distd. from signf. Ab.111.1c: folld. by demonstr., ὡς εἶδ', ὣς ἀνεπᾶλτοIl.20.424; ὡς ἴδεν, ὥς μιν ἔρως πυκινὰς φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν 14.294; also ὡς .., ἔπειτα 3.396; Κρονίδης ὥς μιν φράσαθ' ὣς ἐόλητο θυμὸν ἀνωΐστοισιν ὑποδμηθεὶς βελέεσσι ΚύπριδοσMosch.2.74; the second ὣσ is repeated, ἁ δ' Ἀταλάντα ὡς ἴδεν, ὣς ἐμάνη, ὣς ἐς βαθὺν ἅλατ' ἔρωταTheoc.3.41 (ὣσ = εὐθέωσ, Sch.vet.), cf. 2.82; in Bion 1.40 the clauses with ὡσ all belong to the protasis. 2.ὡσ appears to be f.l. for ἕωσ in ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος ..αἴρῃS.Ph.1330, ὡς ἂν ᾖς οἷόσπερ εἶId.Aj.1117; cf. ὥσπερ 111.1: but in later Gr. = ἕωσ,
τίθεται ἐπὶ ἀνθράκων ὡς ἀναξηρανθῇPLeid.X.89B.; ἔα ἀφρίζειν τὴν πίσσαν ὡς οὗ ἐκλείπῃ ib.37B.; cf. EM824.43 (conversely ἕωσ for ὡσ final, v. ἕωσ (B) A. 1.4). Ae. Local,
where,
in dialects, Theoc.1.13, 5.101, 103, IG9(2).205.4 (Melitea, iii B. C.), SIG685.63, al. (Cretan, ii B. C.), IG12(1).736.5 (Camirus), GDI5597.8 (Ephesus, iii B. C.). B.ὡσ as CONJUNCTION: I. with Substantive clauses, to express a fact, = ὅτι,
that.
II. with Final clauses, to express an end or purpose, = ἵνα, ὅπωσ,
so that, in order that.
III. Consecutive, = ὥστε,
so that.
IV. Causal,
since, because.
I. with Substantive Clauses, with verbs of learning, saying, etc.,
that,
expressing a fact, γνωτὸν .., ὡς ἤδη Τρώεσσιν ὀλέθρου πείρατ' ἐφῆπταιIl.7.402, cf. Od.3.194, etc.: in commands, προεῖπεν ὡς μηδεὶς κινήσοιτοX.HG2.1.22: with Verbs of fear or anxiety, c. fut.indic., μηκέτ' ἐκφοβοῦ, μητρῷον ὥς σε λῆμ' ἀτιμάσει ποτέS.El.1427, cf. X.Cyr.6.2.30; μὴ φοβοῦ ὡς ἀπορήσεισ ib.5.2.12, cf. D.10.36; a sentence beginning with ὡσ is sts., when interrupted, resumed by ὅτι, and vice versa, X.Cyr.5.3.30, Pl.R.470d, Hp.Ma.281c; so ὡσ with a finite Verb passes into the acc. and inf., Hdt.1.70, 8.118: both constructions mixed in the same clause, ἐλογίζετο ὡς ..ἧττον ἂν αὐτοὺς ἐθέλειν ..X.Cyr.8.1.25, cf. HG3.4.27: after primary tenses (incl. historic pres.) ὡσ is folld. by indic., after historic tenses by opt. (sts. by indic., both constructions in ὑπίσχοντο ..ἀμυνέειν, φράζοντες ὡς οὔ σφι περιοπτέη ἐστὶ ἡ Ἑλλὰς ἀπολλυμένη ..ἀλλὰ τιμωρητέον εἴηHdt.7.168): sts. c. opt. after a primary tense, κατάπτονται ..λέγοντες ὡς Ἀρίστων ..οὐ φήσειεId.6.69, cf. 1.70, Th.1.38, Pl.Chrm.156b. 2. with Verbs of feeling, χαίρει δέ μοι ἦτορ, ὥς μευ ἀεὶ μέμνησαιIl.23.648; ἄχος ἔλλαβ' Ἀχαιοὺς ὡς ἔπεσ' 16.600. II. with Final Clauses,
that, in order that
; in this sense ὡσ and ὡς ἄν, Ep. ὥς κεν, are used with the subj. after primary tenses of the indic., and with the opt. after the past tenses, βουλὴν ὑποθησόμεθ' .., ὡς μὴ πάντες ὄλωνταιIl.8.37; τύμβον χεύαμεν .., ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς ..εἴηOd. 24.83; ἡμεῖς δ' ἴωμεν ὡς, ὁπηνίκ' ἂν θεὸς πλοῦν ἡμὶν εἴκῃ, τηνικαυθ' ὁρμώμεθαS.Ph.464; [νέας] διηκοσίας περιέπεμπον ..ὡς ἂν μὴ ὀφθείησανHdt.8.7. b. rarely c. fut.indic., ὡς μὴ ὦν αὐτοὶ τε ἀπολέεσθε (cj. Cobet for ἀπόλεσθε) κἀμὲ τρώσετε, ἐς ἄλλον τινὰ δῆμον ἀποίχεσθεHecat. 30J.2.ὡσ is also used with past tenses of the indic. to express a purpose which has not been or cannot be fulfilled, τί μ' οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε ..;
so that I
never
should
.., S.OT1392; ἔδει τὰ ἐνέχυρα λαβεῖν, ὡς μηδ' εἰ ἐβούλετο ἐδύνατο ἐξαπατᾶνX.An. 7.6.23; cf. ἵναB. 1.3, ὅπωσB. 1.3. 3.ὡσ c. inf., to limit an assertion, ὡς μὲν ἐμοὶ δοκέεινHdt.6.95, cf. 2.124; ὡς εἰπεῖν λόγῳ ib.53; or ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, cf. ἔποσ 11.4; ὡς συντόμως, or ὡς συνελόντι εἰπεῖν
to
speak shortly,
to
be brief, X.Oec.12.19, Mem.3.8.10; ὡς εἰκάσαι
to
make a guess, i.e. probably, Hdt.1.34, etc.; ὡς μικρὸν μεγάλῳ εἰκάσαιTh.4.36 (so without ὡς, οὐ πολλῷ λόγῳ εἰπεῖνHdt. 1.61), v. supr. Ab. 11.1, 2. III. to express Consequence, like ὥστε,
so that,
freq. in Hdt., εὖρος ὡς δύο τριήρεας πλέειν ὁμοῦ in breadth
such that
two triremes could sail abreast, Hdt.7.24; ὑψηλὸν οὕτω .., ὡς τὰς κορυφὰς αὐτοῦ οὐκ οἷά τε εἶναι ἰδέσθαι 4.184; so in Trag. and Prose, A.Pers.437, al., S.OT84, X.An.3.5.7, etc.; ἀπέχοντας ἀπ' ἀλλάλων ὡς ἦμεν Fικατίπεδον ἄντομονTab.Heracl.1.75; οὕτως ..ὡς ὁμολογεῖνJul.Or.5.164d; ὡς καὶ τοὺς τεχνίτας λανθάνεινPHolm. 9.13; also, like ὥστε, with Indic., οὕτω κλεινὴ ἐγένετο, ὡς ..ἐξέμαθονHdt.2.135, cf. S.Tr.590, X.HG4.1.33. 2.ἢ ὡσ after a Comp., μάσσον' ἢ ὡς ἰδέμενPi.O.13.113; μαλακώτεροι ..ἢ ὡς κάλλιον αὐτοῖσPl.R. 410d; cf. ὥστεB. 1.2: with words implying comparison, ὀλίγοι ἐσμὲν ὡς ἐγκρατεῖς εἶναι αὐτῶν too few
to
.., X.Cyr.4.5.15, γραῦς εἶ, ὦ Ἐλπινίκη, ὡς τηλικαῦτα διαπράττεσθαι πράγματα too old
to
..Stesimbr. 5J. 3.ὡσ is sts. omitted where the antecedent demonstrative is expressed, οὕτω ἰσχυραί, μόγις ἂν διαρρήξειασ so strong, you could hardly break them, Hdt.3.12; ῥώμη σώματος τοιήδε, ἀεθλοφόροι τε ἀμφότεροι ἦσανId.1.31. IV. Causal,
.., c. fut.indic., Lys.30.27. C.ὡσ before I. Participles; II. Prepositions; and III.ὡσ itself as a Preposition. I. with Participles in the case of the Subject, to mark the reason or motive of the action,
as if, as,
ὡς οὐκ ἀΐοντι ἐοικώσIl.23.430 (v. infr. G); ἀγανακτοῦσιν ὡς μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερημένοι (i. e. ἡγούμενοι μεγάλων τινῶν ἀπεστερῆσθαι), Pl.R.329a: most freq. c. part.fut., διαβαίνει .., ὡς ἀμήσων τὸν σῖτονHdt.6.28, cf. 91; παρεσκευάζοντο ὡς πολεμήσοντεσTh.2.7, etc.; δηλοῖς ὥς τι σημανῶν νέονS.Ant. 242; ὡς τεθνήξων ἴσθι νυνίAr.Ach.325 (troch.): in questions, παρὰ Πρωταγόραν νῦν ἐπιχειρεῖς ἰέναι, ὡς παρὰ τίνα ἀφιξόμενος;Pl.Prt.311b; ὡς τί δὴ θέλων;E.IT557; with vbs. of knowing, ἐπιστάσθω Κροῖσος ὡς ὕστερον ..ἁλοὺς τῆς πεπρωμένησHdt.1.91; ὡς μὴ 'μπολήσων ἴσθι ..S.Ant.1063. 2. with Participles in oblique cases, λέγουσιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότασ they speak of us
.., Th.4.5.— Both constructions in one sentence, τοὺς κόσμους εἴασε χαίρειν ὡς ἀλλοτρίους τε ὄντας καὶ πλέον θάτερον ἡγησάμενος ἀπεργάζεσθαιPl.Phd.114e, cf. X.Cyr.1.5.9. 3. with Parts. put abs. in gen., νῦν δέ, ὡς οὕτω ἐχόντων, στρατιὴν ἐκπέμπετεHdt.8.144; ἐρώταὅτι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντοσX.Cyr.3.1.9; ὡς ὧδ' ἐχόντων τῶνδ' ἐπίστασθαί σε χρήS.Aj.281, cf. 904, A.Pr.760, E.Med.1311, Th.7.15, X.An.1.3.6: so also in acc., μισθὸν αἰτοῦσιν, ὡς οὐχὶ αὐτοῖσιν ὠφελίαν ἐσομένην ἐκ τοῦ ἄρχεινPl.R.345e, cf. E.Ph.1461: with both cases in one sentence, ὡς καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων προσδοκίμων ὄντων ἄλλῃ στρατιᾷ καὶ ..διαπεπολεμησόμενονTh.7.25, cf. Pl.R.604b. II.ὡσ before Preps., ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν (v.l. -ίᾳ) Th.1.48, cf. X.HG2.1.22; φρύγανα συλλέγοντες ὡς ἐπὶ πῦρId.An.4.3.11; κατέλαβε τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ὡς ἐπὶ τυραννίδι, expressing the purpose, Th.1.126; ἀπέπλεον ..ὡς ἐς τὰς ἈθήνασId.6.61; πλεῖς ὡς πρὸς οἶκονS.Ph.58; τὸ βούλευμ' ὡς ἐπ' Ἀργείοις τόδ' ἦνId.Aj.44: in these passages ὡσ marks an intention; not so in the following: ἀπαγγέλλετε τῇ μητρὶ [χαίρειν] ὡς παρ' ἐμοῦX.Cyr.8.7.28; also ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς πομπῆσPl.R. 327c; ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρηHdt.8.101. b. later, in geographical expressions, of direction, προϊών, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸν ΠηνειόνStr.9.5.8, cf. 13.1.22; ὡς πρὸς ἕω βλέπωνId.8.6.1, cf. 7.6.2; ὡς εἰς Φηραίαν (leg. Ἡραίαν) ἰόντωνId.8.3.32. III.ὡσ as a Prep., prop. in cases where the object is a person, not a place: once in Hom., ὡς αἰεὶ τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖονOd.17.218 (v.l. ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον, cf. αἶνος Ὁμηρικός, αἰὲν ὁμοῖον ὡς θεός ..ἐς τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγειCall.Aet.1.1.10; ἔρχεται ..ἕκαστον τὸ ὅμοιον ὡς τὸ ὅ., τὸ πυκνὸν ὡς τὸ πυκνόν κτλ. (with v.l. ἐσ) Hp.Nat.Puer.17), but possibly ὡς ..ὥσ
as ..so,
in Od. l.c.; also in Hdt., ἐσελθεῖν ὡς τὴν θυγατέρα 2.121.έ: freq. in Att., ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεσβεύσαντοTh.8.5, etc.; ἀφίκετο ὡς Περδίκκαν καὶ ἐς τὴν ΧαλκιδικήνId.4.79; ἀπέπλευσαν ἐς Φώκαιαν ..ὡς ἈστύοχονId.8.31; ναῦς ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον ὡς Φαρνάβαζον ἀποπέμπειν ib.39; ὡς ἐκεῖνον πλέομεν ὥσπερ πρὸς δεσπότηνIsoc. 4.121; the examples of ὡσ with names of places are corrupt, e.g. ὡς τὴν ΜίλητονTh.8.36 (ἐσ cod. Vat.); ὡς Ἄβυδον one Ms. in Id.8.103; ὡς τὸ πρόσθενAr.Ach.242: in S.OT1481 ὡς τὰς ἀδελφὰς ..τὰς ἐμὰς χέρασ is equiv. to ὡς ἐμὲ τὸν ἀδελφόν; in Id.Tr.366 δόμους ὡς τούσδε house = household. D.ὡσ in independent sentences: I. as an exclamation,
how,
mostly with Advbs. and Adjs., ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχεσ
little thanks remain! Od.22.319; ὡς ὄχλος νιν ..ἀμφέπει
see how
.., E.Ph.148; ὡς ὑπερδέδοικά σου
how greatly
.., S.Ant.82; so perh. ὡς οἰμώξεταιAr.Ra.279; ὡς ἅπανθ' ὑμῖν τυραννίς ἐστιId.V.488 (troch.). II. to mark a wish,
oh that!
c. opt. alone, ὡς ἔρις ..ἀπόλοιτοIl.18.107; ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλοσOd.1.47, cf. S.El.126 (lyr.); also ὡς ἄν or κε with opt., ὡς ἂν ἔπειτ' ἀπὸ σεῖο οὐκ ἐθέλοιμι λείπεσθαιIl.9.444; ὥς κέ οἱ αὖθι γαῖα χάνοι 6.281. 2. joined with other words of wishing, ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ' ὀλέσθαι 3.428; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶνOd.11.548. E.ὡσ with numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number,
as it were, about, nearly,
σὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοσιX.An.3.3.5; also ὡς πέντε μάλιστά κῃ
about
five (v. μάλα 111.5), Hdt.7.30:— also with words compounded with numerals, δέπας ..ὡς τριλάγυνονStesich.7; παῖς ὡς ἑπτέτησ of
some
seven years, Pl.Grg.471c; δρέπανα ὡς διπήχηX.Cyr.6.1.30, cf. An.5.4.12; cf. ὡσεί 111. F.ὡσ in some elliptical (or apparently elliptical) phrases: 1.ὡς τί δὴ τόδε (sc. γένηται);
(whether in respect of time, place, or other difference), ξυνελέγοντο ..Κορίνθιοι δισχίιοι ὁπλῖται, οἱ δ' ἄλλοι ὡς ἕκαστοι, Φλειάσιοι δὲ πανστρατιᾷTh.5.57, cf. 1.107, 113; πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸς ἐδουλώθη, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὡς ἑκάστη [ξυνέβη] (ξ. secl. Krüger: ἀπὸ κοινοῦ ἐδουλώθη Sch.l.c.) Id.1.98; ἄλλοι τε παριόντες ἐγκλήματα ἐποιοῦντο ὡς ἕκαστοι ib.67, cf. 7.65; χρησμολόγοι τε ᾖδον χρησμοὺς παντοίους, ὧν ἀκροᾶσθαι ὡς ἕκαστος ὥρμητο, i. e. different persons ran to listen to different prophecies, Id.2.21; τὰς ἄλλας ὡς ἑκάστην ποι ἐκπεπτωκυῖαν ἀναδησάμενοι ἐκόμιζον ἐς τὴν πόλιν they made fast to the rest
wherever each
(ship) had been run ashore, Id.7.74; οἱ δ' οὖν ὡς ἕκαστοι Ἕλληνες κατὰ πόλεις τε ὅσοι ἀλλήλων ξυνίεσαν καὶ ξύμπαντες ὕστερον κληθέντες οὐδὲν πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν ..ἁθρόοι ἔπραξαν the
various peoples
that were later called by the common name of Greeks, Id.1.3; ὡς ἑκάστῳ ἔργον προστάσσωνHdt.1.114; ὡς ἑκάστην (
one by one
) αἱρέοντεσ (sc. τὰς νήσουσ) οἱ βάρβαροι ἐσαγήνευον τοὺς ἀνθρώπουσId.6.31, cf. 79; ὡς ἑκασταχόσεD.C.41.9, al.; rarely with a Verb, ὡς ἕκαστος ἀπικνέοιτοHdt.1.29, cf. Th.6.2: later ὡσ follows ἕκαστος, ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Θεὸς ἐμέρισεν μέτρον πίστεωσEp.Rom.12.3:— for the etymology v. infr. H; also ὡς ἑκάτεροιTh.3.74 (v. infr. H). G.ὡσ pleonast. in ὡς ὅτιD.H. 9.14, 2 Ep.Cor.11.21, Sch.A Il.1.264, 129, 396, 3.280, AP9.530, dub.l. in Str.15.1.57. H. Etymology: this word is in origin five distinct words: (1) ὡσ '
as
' is the Adv. fr. the Relat. ὅσ (I.-E. stem
yo-
); with ὡς βέλτιστοσ cf. Skt.
yācchrēá
'the best possible': (2) ὧσ '
thus
' is the Adv. of a Demonstr. stem
so-
found in Skt.
sa,
Gr. ὁ, Lat.
sō-c
(
Gloss. = ita,
cf. Umbr.
esoc
); (3) ὡσ postpositive (ὄρνιθες ὥς, etc.) constantly makes a preceding short closed syll. long in Hom., and must therefore have been fωσ; it may perh. be related to Skt.
vā,
a form of
va, iva
( = (1)
or
(2)
like
), Lat.
ve,
Gr. ἦ[f] ε; (4) ὡσ prep. '
to
' is of doubtful origin (perh. fr. ὠς, cogn. with Lat.
ōs
'face', Skt.
ās
: ὤς τινα ἐλθεῖν like τί δέ δε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος;); (5) ὡσ F.3 is prob. fως,Adv. of fόσ the reflexive Adj., and means lit.
in his (their) own way
(or
place
); it is idiomatically placed before ἕκαστος (ἑκάτεροσ), cf. fὸν fεκάτεροσLeg.Gort.1.18.