ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ (Ep. ὅπερ as masc., Il.7.114, 21.107); gen.οὗπερ, Ep. οἷόπερA.R.1.1325; in Ion. writers and in Poets the obl. cases are sts. borrowed from the Art., τόπερId.3.1098; τοῦπερA.Pers. 779; τῇπερIl.24.603, Hdt.1.30; τοίπερOd.13.130; τάπερA.Ch.418 (lyr.), Hdt.3.16; τῶνπερIl.13.638, A.Ag.974; on concord and constr. cf. ὅσB. 1.1,2,4, 11.1a,3, IV. 4:—
the very man who, the very thing which
; freq. indistinguishable from simple ὅς, cf. ὅσοσ 111.4: with words intervening between ὅσ and περ, ὅς ῥ' ἔβαλέν περIl.4.524, cf. 13.101, etc. 2. used after Adjs. of resemblance, ὡυτὸς ὅσπερHdt.8.42; ἐκ τῶν ἴσων .., ὧνπερ αὐτὸς ἐξέφυS.OT1499; ὅμοια ἔπραττον ἅπερ ἄν ..X.An.5.4.34; ὅρκια τάπερ τε ..
the same as
.., Hdt.1.74. II. special uses of cases, 1.ὅπερ,
wherefore,
D.S.13.18 codd. (s.v.l.);
although,
A.D.Pron.103.7. 2.ἅπερ,
as, like,
A.Ch.381 (lyr.), Eu.131, 660, S.Aj.168 (anap., as v.l.), OT 175 (lyr.), X.HG5.1.18, etc.; cf. καθάπερ.3.οὗπερ, v. ὅσ A b. 1. 4.ᾗπερ, Dor. ᾇπερ,
Il.7.286, A.Ch.440(lyr.), Ar.Ach.364; ᾗπερ δήIl.9.310; ᾗπερ καίX.Mem.3.8.2. 5. in the Logic of Aristotle, ὅπερ ἐστί, or ὅπερ alone, has two senses: a. non-technical, and unemphatic,
what
(a thing)
is,
ἑκάστη οὐσία τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, οὐ λέγεται μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον each substance is called
what
it
is
without the difference of more or less, Cat.3b36; τὸ διπλάσιον τοῦθ' ὅ. ἐστίν, ἑτέρου λέγεται the double is called
what
it
is
(viz. the double) of something, i.e. is relative, ib.6a39. b. expressing identity, οὔτε ἡ χιὼν ὅ. λευκόν snow is not
what
white
is,
i.e. is not identical with white, Top.120b23; ὁ λευκὸς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. χρῶμα ib.116a27: hence, to indicate the
precise
or
essential
nature of a thing, οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίη ὅ. κακόν τι εἶναι τὴν ἡδονήν he would not say that pleasure is
essentially
something bad, EN1153b6; τὰ μὲν οὐσίαν σημαίνοντα ὅ. ἐκεῖνό ἢ ὅ. ἐκεῖνό τι σημαίνει expressions which show the essence show
precisely what
the thing in question
is
or
precisely
of what kind it
is
(i.e. indicate either its species or its genus), APo.83a24; ὅ. τόδε τί ἐστι τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι the essence of a thing
is precisely
a 'this', i.e. a fully specified particular, Metaph.1030a3; ἡ μὲν [ἐπιστήμη] ὅ. ἀνθρώπου ἐστίν knowledge (that man is an animal) is apprehension that 'animal' is