ἐν, ἐνί, εἰν, εἰνί: in.—I. adv., in, therein, among them, Il. 5.740, etc.; esp. the form ἔνι, for ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, πολέες δ' ἔνι μῦθοι, Il. 20.248. Here belong all examples of tmesis so-called, ἐν δ' ἔπεσε, fell on the throng, Il. 15.624. The adv. may be defined in its relation by a dative in the same clause, thus showing an approach to the true prepositional use, ἐν δέ τε θῦμὸς στήθεσιν ἄτρομός ἐστιν, in them, viz., in their breasts, Il. 16.162.—II. prep. w. dat., in, on, among; not only of place and persons, ἐν Δαναοῖσι, ἐν ᾶ̓θανάτοισι, ἐνὶ στρατῷ, ἐν πᾶσιν, Od. 2.194; but also of conditions, physical and mental, ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν πένθεϊ, ἐν δοιῇ, Il. 9.230. Of time, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, Π 643, Od. 18.367; instead of a causal or an instrumental expression, ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρᾶν, Il. 1.587, Il. 3.306, Od. 10.385; κατακτείνεσθαι ἀνδρῶν ἐν παλάμῃσιν, Ε 558, Il. 24.738, etc.; often with verbs of motion, the state of rest after motion taking the place of movement into, ἐν γούνασι πῖ́πτειν, Il. 5.370; ἐν χερσὶ τιθέναι, etc.; elliptical, ἐνὶ Κίρκησ, sc. ὄικῳ, Od. 10.282, esp. εἰν Ἀίδᾶο. When ἐνί follows its case, it is written ἔνι (anastrophe), Il. 9.53.
ἐν, poet. ἐνί, εἰν, εἰνί (Il.8.199, etc.), forms used by Ep. and Lyric Poets as the metre requires, but only as f.l. in Trag., εἰνS.Ant. 1241; εἰνίE.Heracl.893: Arc. and Cypr.ἰνIG5(2).3.5, al., Inscr.Cypr.135.9 H., al. PREP. WITH DAT. AND ACC. Radical sense,
in, into.
A. WITH DAT. I. OF PLACE, 1.
in
, νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃOd.1.50; ἐν δώμασ' ἐμοῖσινIl.6.221; ἐνὶ προθύροισιν 11.777; κοίλῃσ' ἐνὶ νηυσίOd.2.27; with names of cities or islands, as ἐν Ἀθήνῃς, ἐν Τροίῃ, Il.2.549, 162; ἡ ἐν Κερκύρᾳ ναυμαχίαTh.1.57; ἡ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι μάχηIsoc.5.147 (but in Att. the Prep.is sts.omitted, as with Ἐλευσῖνι, Μαραθῶνι; where ἐν is used, it =
a dowry, pledge, PPetr.1p.37, PTeb.120.125 (i B. C.). 11. in citations, ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου τῇ παραδόσει
in
the passage of the Il. describing this, Th.1.9, cf. Pl.Tht.147c, Phlb.33b. II. OF STATE, CONDITION or POSITION: 1. of outward circumstances, ἐν πολέμῳOd.10.553; ἐν δαιτίIl.4.259; ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ 9.378; ἐν μοίρῃOd.22.54; οὑμὸς ἐν φάει βίοσE.Ph.1281; ἐν γένει εἶναί τινι to be related to .., S.OT1016; of occupations, pursuits, ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι to be engaged
it, S.OT562. 2. of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν δοιῇ, Il.7.302,9.230; ἐν φόβῳ γενέσθαιPl.R.578e; οὐκ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ τὰ σάE.Ph.1276; ἐν σιωπῇ τἀμάId.Ion 1397; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Th.2.21; ἐν ἔριδι εἶναι ibid.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ σχεῖν τινά to blame him, Hdt.5.106; ἐν αἰτίᾳ βαλεῖνS.OT656 (lyr.); ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι to have the blame, X.Mem. 2.8.9, etc.; οἱ ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαισD.Ep.2.14. 3. freq. with neut. Adj., ἐν βραχεῖ, = βραχέωσ, S.El.673; ἐν τάχει, = ταχέωσ, Id.OT765, etc.; ἐν καλῷ ἐστί, = καλῶς ἔχει, E.Heracl.971; ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ [ἐστί] Id.IT 762; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ [ἐστί] Id.Hel.1227; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιήσασθαιHdt.3.154; ἐν ἴσῳ, = ἴσως, ἐν ὁμοίῳ, = ὁμοίωσ, Th.2.53: less freq. in pl., ἐν ἀργοῖς, = ἀργῶσ, S.OT287; ἐν κενοῖς, = κενῶσ, Id.Aj.971: with a Subst., ἐν δίκᾳ, = δικαίωσ, opp. παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.O.2.16, cf. S.Tr.1069, Ar.Eq.258, Pl.R.475c, al.; ἦσαν οὐκέτι ὁμοίως ἐν ἡδονῇ ἄρχοντεσTh.1.99, cf. Pl.Epin.977b. III. OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, ἐν πυρὶ πρήσαντεσIl.7.429; δῆσαι ἐνὶ δεσμῷ 5.386, cf. Od.12.54, etc.; but in most cases the orig. sense may be traced, to put
in
the fire and burn,
in
fetters and bind, etc.; so ἐν πόνοις δαμένταA.Pr.425 (lyr.); ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα ib.462; ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖId.Th.414; also ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶσθαι, ἰδέσθαι, to see
, countless days, E.Ph.305 (lyr.); ἐν ἡμέραις πολλαῖς νοσῆσαιProcop.Arc.9.35. V. OF NUMBERS generally, ἐν δυσὶ σταδίοισ
within
two stadia, D.S.20.74, cf. 19.39, dub. in Th.6.1. 2. with gen. of price, ἐν δύο ταλάντωνLXX3 Ki.16.24. 3.
amounting to
, προῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαισBGU970.14(ii A. D.), etc. B. WITH Acc.,
into, on, for
, Arc.ἰν, νόμος ἰν ἄματα πάνταIG5 (2).5; γράψαι ἐν χάλκωμα ib.511; ἐν πελτοφόρας ἀπεγράψατο ib.7.210 (Aegosthenae), etc.; also poet., ἐν πάντα νόμονPi.P.2.86. C. WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ .., 1.
and therein
, Il.9.361; ἐν μέν ..ἐν δέOd.13.244. 2.
and among them
, Il.2.588, etc.; in Hdt., mostly ἐν δὲ δή ..3.39, 5.95; or ἐν δὲ καί .. 2.43,172,176. 3.
and besides, moreover
(not in Att. Prose), S.Aj. 675, OT181 (lyr.), al.; ἐν δ' ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ' ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇOd.5.260. 4.ἔνι, = ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, Il.20.248, etc. D. POSITION: ἐν freq. stands between its Subst. and the Adj. agreeing therewith, Il.22.61, B.5.41, etc.: without an Adj., τῷ δ' ἐν ἐρινεός ἐστι μέγασOd.12.103: most freq. in Hom. in the form ἐνί, which is then written by anastrophe ἔνι, Il.7.221, Od.5.57; in Pi. between Subst. and gen., χόρτοις ἐν λέοντοσO.13.44, al.--One or more independent words sts. come between the Prep. and its dat., as in Od.11.115; also in Prose, Hdt.6.69. E. IN COMPOS., I. with Verbs, the Prep. mostly retains its sense of being
in
or
at
a place, etc., c. dat., or folld. by εἰς .., or ἐν ..: in such forms as ἐνορᾶν τινί τι, in translating, we resolve the compd., to remark a thing
in
one. b. also,
at
a person, ἐγγελᾶν, ἐνυβρίζειν τινί. 2. with Adjs., it expresses a. a modified degree, as in ἔμπηλος, ἔμπικρος, ἔνσιμοσ,
rather
... b. the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμοσ
with
blood
in it
, ἐνάκανθοσ thorny: ἔμφωνοσ
with
a voice: ἔννομοσ
in accordance with
law, etc. II.ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ψ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ Χ; ἐλ- before λ; ἐρ- before ρ; rarely ἐσ- before σ; but Inscrr. and Papyri often preserve ἐν- in all these cases.