ἀπό: from (a b).—I. adv. (here belong all examples of the so-called use in tmesi), off, away;ἡμῖν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι, Il. 1.67; ἀπὸ δὲ χλαῖναν βάλε, Il. 2.183, etc.; a subst. in the gen. (of separation) is often added to render more specific the relation of the adv., ἀπ' ϊ̓χῶ χειρὸς ὀμόργνῦ, Il. 5.416; πολλόν γὰρ ἀπὸ πλυνοί εἰσι πόληοσ, Od. 6.40; thus preparing the way for the strict prepositional usage.—II. prep., w. gen., from, away from, denoting origin, starting-point, separation (distance); οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι παλαιφάτου, οὐδ' άπὸ πέτρησ, sprung from tree or rock, Od. 19.163 ; ἀφ' ἵππων ἆλτο χαμᾶζε, from his car, Il. 16.733; so freq. ἀφ' ἵππων, ἀπὸ νεῶν μάχεσθαι, where we say on; οὐκ ἀπὸ σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀπὸ δόξησμῦθεῖται βασίλεια, wide of, i. e. she hits the mark and meets our views, Od. 11.344 ; μένων ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο, away from his wife, Il. 2.292; so ἀπ' οὔατος, ἀπ̓ ὀφθαλμῶν; adverbial phrase, ἀπὸ σπουδησ, in earnest, Il. 12.237. The temporal meaning commonly ascribed to ἀπὸ in Il. 8.54 is only implied, not expressed by the preposition.
ἀπό, Aeol., Thess., Arc., Cypr.ἀπύSapph.44, cf. 78, Alc.33, Theoc.28.16,IG12(2).6.45 (Mytil.), ἀπυδόμεναι ib.9(2).594 (Larissa), 5(2).6 (Tegea), etc.:— Prep. usually with Gen. but v. infr. B. (Cf. Skt.
ápa,
Lat.
ab,
Umbr.
ap-ehtre
'ab extra', Goth.
af,
OE.
af, cef, of,
etc.) Orig. sense,
from.
[ᾰπο̆: where ἀπο̄ is found in Ep. before v or liquids (as ἀπὸ ἕθενIl.6.62, ἀπὸ νευρῆσ 11.664, Hes.Sc.409) ἀπαί was sometimes written in later texts, cf. Eust. 625.11:— ᾱ metri gr. in Ep. compds., such as ἀπονέεσθαι.]I. OF PLACE, the earliest, and in Hom. the prevailing sense: 1. of Motion,
the rein, S.OC900; in Hom. freq. strengthd., τῆλε ἀ..., νόσφιν ἀ...,Il.23.880, 5.322; in measurement of distances, ὅσον ιέ στάδια ἀ. ΦυλῆσX.HG2.4.4, etc.; but later the numeral follows ἀ., πηγὰς ἔχων ἀ. μ́ σταδίων τῆς θαλάσσησD.S.4.56; ἀ. σταδίων κ́ τῆς πόλεωσPlu.Phil.4; κατεστρατοπέδευσεν ἀ. ν́ σταδίων fifty stades
away,
Id.Oth.11, cf. D.Chr.17.17. 3. of the mind, ἀ. θυμοῦ
away from,
i. e.
alien from,
my heart, Il.1.562; ἀ. δόξησ 10.324; οὐ ..ἀ. σκοποῦ οὐδ' ἀ. δόξησOd.11.344; ἀ. τοῦ ἀνθρωπείου τρόπουTh.1.76; οὐδὲν ἀ. τρόπου not
without
reason, Pl.R.470b; οὐκ ἀ. σκοποῦ, καιροῦ,Id.Tht.179c, 187e; οὐκ ἀ. γνώμησS.Tr.389; οὐκ ἀ. τοῦ πράγματοσD.24.6; μάλα πολλὸν ἀπ' ἐλπίδος ἔπλετοA.R.2.863. 4. in pregnant sense, with Verbs of rest, previous motion being implied (cf. ἐκ), ἀνὰ δ' ἐβόασεν ..ἀ. πέτρας σταθείσE.Tr.523; ἀ.τῆς ἐμῆς κεφαλῆς τὴν [ἐκείνου] κεφαλὴν ἀναδήσω, i. e. taking the chaplet
off
my head, and placing it on his, Pl.Smp.212e: with Verbs of hanging, where ἐκ is more common, ἁψαμένη βρόχον ἀ. μελάθρουOd.11.278. 5. with the Article, where the sense of motion often disappears, οἱ ἀ. τῶν οἰκιῶν φεύγουσιν, i.e. οἱ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις φεύγουσιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν,X.Cyr.7.5.23; οἱ ἀ. τῶν πύργων ..ἐπαρήξουσι ib.6.4.18; αἴρειν τὰ ἀ. τῆς γῆσPl.Cra.410b; αἱ ἵπποι αἱ ἀ. τοῦ ἅρματοσ v.l. in Hdt.4.8; ὁ Ἀθηναῖος ὁ ἀ. τοῦ στρατεύματοσX.An.7.2.19; τὸν ἀ. γραμμᾶς κινεῖ λίθονTheoc.6.18. 6. partitive, λαχὼν ἀ. ληί̈δος αἶσαν part
the end of .., ib.24.8; γενόμενος ἀ. τῆς ἀρχῆσPlu.Caes.5: hence ἀ. ἀγωνοθετῶν an εχ-ἀγωνοθέτης,IG3.398; ἀ. λογιστῶνPOxy.1103.3(iv A. D.); οἱ ἀ. ὑπατείας, =
consulares,
Hdn.7.1.9, etc.; but ἀ. τινοσ the
freedman of ..,
IG5(2).50.59(Tegea, ii A. D.), cf.ib.5(1).1391 (Andania), 1473. III. OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.: 1. of that
from
which one is born, οὐ γὰρ ἀ. δρυός ἐσσι οὐδ' ἀ. πέτρησ not
sprung from
oak or rock, Od.19.163; γίγνονται δ' ἄρα ταί γ' ἔκ τε κρηνέων ἀ. τ' ἀλσέων 10.350, cf. S.OT415, OC571, etc.: sts. ἀπό denotes remote, and ἐκ immediate, descent, τοὺς μὲν ἀ. θεῶν, τοὺς δ' ἐξ αὐτῶν τῶν θεῶν γεγονότασIsoc.12.81, cf. Hdt.7.150; πέμπτη ἀπ' αὐτοῦ γένναA.Pr.853; τρίτος ἀ. Διόσ third
in descent from
Zeus, Pl.R. 391c; οἱ ἀ. γένους τινόσ his descendants, Plu.Them.32; Περσέως ἀφ' αἵματοσE.Alc.509: of the place one
whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ ἐγένετοHdt.1.14; ζήτησιν ἀ. σφέων γενέσθαιId.2.54; ἐπράχθη οὐδὲν ἀπ' αὐτῶν ἔργον ἀξιόλογονTh.1.17, cf. 6.61; ἀ. τινος ὄνασθαιPl.R.528a, etc.; so τἀπ' ἐμοῦ, τἀπὸ σοῦ,E.Tr.74, S.OC1628; τὰ ἀ. τῶν ἈθηναίωνTh.1.127; in later Greek freq. of the direct agent, Plb.1.34.8, Str.5.4.12, D.H.9.12, Ev.Luc.9.22, J.AJ20.8.10, etc.; in codd. this may sts. be due to confusion with ὑπό, but cf. PMag.Par.1.256, BGU 1185.26(Aug.), SIG820.8(Ephesus, i A. D.), etc. 5. of the source
trumpet, X.Eq.Mag.3.12 (s.v.l.); ἐπίτροπος ἀ. τῶν λόγων, = Lat.
procurator a rationibus, Ann.Epigr..
1913.143a (Ephesus, ii A. D.). 7. of the object spoken of, τὰ ἀ. τῆς νήσου οἰκότα ἐστί the things
told from
or
of
the island .., Hdt.4.195, cf. 54, 7.195; νόμος κείμενος ἀ. τῶν τεχνῶνAr.Ra.762. B. in Arc., Cypr., ἀπύ takes dat., ἀπὺ τᾷ [ἁμέρᾳ] IG5(2).6 (Tegea); ἀπὺ τᾷ ζᾷInscr.Cypr.135.8 H. (Idalion). 2. in later Greek ἀπό is found c. acc., PLond.1.124.30 (iv/v A. D.). C. in Hom. frequent with Verbs in tmesi, as Il.5.214, etc., and sts. in Prose, as Hdt.8.89. D. IN COMPOS.: 1.
asunder,
as ἀποκόπτω, ἀπολύω, ἀποτέμνω: and hence,
away, off,
as ἀποβάλλω, ἀποβαίνω; denoting,
remoual
of an accusation, as ἀπολογέομαι, ἀποψηφίζομαι.2.
finishing off, completing,
ἀπεργάζομαι, ἀπανδρόω, ἀπανθρωπίζω, ἀπογλαυκόω.3.
ceasing from, leaving off,
as ἀπαλγέω, ἀποκηδεύω, ἀπολοφύρομαι, ἀποζέω, ἀπανθίζω, ἀφυβρίζω.4.
back again,
as ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω, ἀπόπλουσ: also,
in full,
or
what is one's own,
as ἀπέχω, ἀπολαμβάνω: freq. it only strengthens the sense of the simple. 5.
by way of abuse,
as in ἀποκαλέω.6. almost = ἀ- priv.; sts. with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; more freq. with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπότιμος, ἀπόσιτος, ἀπόφονος.E.ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄποS.El.1231, etc.; never in Prose. 2.ἄπο for ἄπεστι,Semon.1.20, Timocr.9.