φημί (cf. fari), 2 sing. φῄσ not enclitic like the other forms of the pres. ind., φησί, φαμέν, φατέ, φᾶσ(ίν), subj. φῇ(σιν), φήῃ, opt. φαίην, φαῖμεν, part. φᾶ́σ, ipf. ἔφην, φῆν, ἔφησθα, φῆσθα, φῆς, ἔφαμεν, φάμεν, ἔφαν, φάν, fut. φήσει, mid. pres. imp. φάο, φάσθω, inf. φάσθαι, part. φάμενοσ, ipf. ἐφάμην, φάτο (for πεφασμένοσ see φαίνω): say, declare, mostly of subjective statement, to express opinion, hence reg. const. w. acc. and inf. The ipf. and the pres. inf. have aoristic signification. No distinction between act. and mid. is to be sought. Often simply think, believe, Il. 2.37, Od. 1.391 ; ὅ γ' ἀνὴρ ὅν φημι, whom I mean, Il. 5.184 ; οὔ φημι (nego), Od. 15.213.
φημί, φῄς, φηισPCair.Zen.316.1(iii B. C.), PSI7.846.7 (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; φησί (apocop. φήAnacr.40); pl. φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσί; Dor. φᾱμί, φᾱσί or φᾱτί (Ar.Ach.771, Anon. in PSI9.1091.11, 18), 3pl.φαντί; Aeol. φᾶμιSapph.32, 2sg.φαῖσθαAlc.Supp.20.6, 3sg.φαῖσι ib.26.5, Sapph.66, 3pl.φαῖσιSapph.Supp.5.2: aor. 2ἔφην, Ep. φῆνIl.18.326; ἔφησθα 1.397, al., Ar.Lys. 132, X.An.1.6.7, Pl.Cra.438a, Aeschin.3.164, etc. (rarely ἔφησIl.22.280, X.Cyr.4.1.23), Ep. φῆσθαIl.21.186, Od.14.149 (v.l. φῇσθα), φῆσIl.5.473, Od.7.239 (v.l.); ἔφη, Ep. φῆ, Dor. φᾶPi.I.2.11; 1pl.ἔφᾰμενIsoc.3.26 (ἔφημενA.D.Adv.184.7, Gal.1.158, Papp.524.16, Choerob.in Theod.2.341 H.); 2pl.ἔφᾰτεAnd.2.25; 3pl.ἔφασαν, Ep. φάσανIl.2.278, also ἔφᾰν, φάν, 3.161, 6.108; imper. φαθί (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.1.431, al., A.D.Synt.264.4; φάθι is found in codd. of Pl.Grg.475e, al.); subj.φῶ, φῇς, φῇ, Ep. φῇσινOd.1.168, φήῃ 11.128, 23.275; Dor. 3pl.subj.φᾶντιTab.Heracl.1.116; opt. φαίην,1pl.φαῖμενIl.2.81, 24.222, Pi.N.7.87, 3pl.φαῖενTh.3.68, etc.; inf.φάναι,Hdt.1.27, etc., poet. φάμενPi.N.8.19; part.φάσIl.9.35, Hdt.1.63, 141, SIG279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.), φᾶσαHdt.6.135, pl. φάντεσIl.3.44, 14.126, Pl.Alc.2.139b: fut.φήσω, Dor. φασῶAr.Ach. 739, etc.; 1pl.φασοῦμεσDiotog. ap. Stob.4.1.133: aor. 1ἔφησαCratin. in PSI11.1212.9, Hdt.3.153, PCair.Zen.19.3 (iii B. C.) (ἔφασεν is dub. ib.140.7); Dor. 3sg.φᾶσεPi.N.1.66; 2sg.subj. (Dor.) φάσῃς [ᾱ] Simon.32 (φήσῃσ etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt. φήσειεHdt.6.69, A.Pr.503, part.φήσασX.Mem.3.11.1, Isoc.12.239, inf.φῆσαιThphr.Char.2.7:— Med. (chiefly poet. in early writers), impf. and aor. 2ἐφάμην, ἔφατο (also SIG437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.343.8 (iii B. C.), PSI4.437.8 (iii B. C.), Parth.4.5, etc.), Ep. φάτοIl.20.262, φάσθεOd.6.200, 10.562, ἔφαντο, Ep. φάντο 24.460; imper. φάο 16.168, 18.171, φάσθω, φάσθε;inf.φάσθαι;part.φάμενοσ (also Archim.
Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem.
, SIG364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.236.4 (iii B. C.), PHamb.4.14 (i A. D.), J.AJ17.12.2, Gal. 6.228, etc.): Dor. fut.φάσομαι [ᾱ] Pi.N.9.43:— Pass., pf.3sg.πέφαταιA.R.2.500; 3sg. imper. πεφάσθωPl.Ti.72d; but part.πεφασμένοσIl.14.127, A.Pr.843 shd. be referred to φαίνω: aor.ἐφάθην (ἀπ-, κατ-) Arist.Int.18b39. The pres.indic.φημί is enclit., exc. in 2sg.pres.φῄσ: φαμέν is 1pl.pres., φάμεν poet. inf.: φαντί is 3pl., φάντιpart.II.φάσκω supplied all moods of pres. except the indic., also impf.ἔφασκον; cf. ἠμί. [ᾰ, except in φᾱσι, and in masc. and fem. part.φάς, φᾶσα: in inf.φάναι ᾰ always; φᾶναι is corrupt in Eub.119.11 codd. Ath.]:—
say, affirm, assert,
either abs., or folld. by inf., e. g. Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν ( = -εῖν) φησιIG12.924, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει (sc. εἶναι) Il.8.153; also Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν; what
shall we say of
them? X.HG3.5.12; φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαιOd.17.584: less freq. c. dat., αὐτοῖσEv.Matt.13.28; κατά τινος φ. to
speak
against him, X.Ap.25: sts. folld. by ὡς,Lys.7.19, v.l. in X.HG6.3.7; by ὅτι,Pl.Grg.487d, Corn.ND30; by an interrog. clause, μή ποτε φάσῃς ὅ τι γίνεται αὔριονSimon. l.c.; by part., dub. in Pl.Grg.481c (fort. leg. θῶμεν); also parenthetic, τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι;Pl.Phd.59c. b. since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion,
of an author, ὡς ἔφημενGal.1.158, etc.— The Med. has all these senses as well as the Act. II. Special Phrases: 1.φασί,
they say, it is said,
Il.5.638, Od.6.42, etc.; parenthetically, Arist.EN1109a35, Men.Epit. 223, etc.: Prose writers use φησί when quoting, D.23.89, etc.; φησίν
saith
He, 1 Ep.Cor.6.16; esp. of an opponent's objection, Plu.2.112c; even after a plural, ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται .."καὶ αὐτός", φησί, "τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα"Lib.Or.52.39; "τὸν δὲ μετ' εἰσενόησα", ἔφη Ὅμηροσ as H.
said,
Pl.Prt.315b. 2. joined with a synon. Verb, ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων,Hdt.3.156, 6.137, etc.; ἔλεγε φάσId.1.122; λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη ..Id.2.22; τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν;D.8.37, cf. 25.100; τί φῶ; τί λέξω;E.Hel.483. 3. in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης,
said
I,
said
S., but the order is sts. inverted, ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη, I
said,
S.
said.
4. inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by λέγει, εἶπεν, etc., ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος ..εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφηX.Oec.17.10, cf. Pl.Chrm.164e; ἡ κρίσις ..διαρρήδην λέγει "διότι", φησίν, "ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι"Lys.13.50. 5.τί φημί;S.OT1471, and τί φῄς;Ph.804, E.Hel. 706 (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations. 6.κυριώτατα φάναι, in parenthesis, strictly
all, Gal.Vict.Att.9; συνελόντα (v.l. -όντι)φάναι, = συνελόντι εἰπεῖν, Id.16.502. 7.Οἰδίπουν ..ἂν μόνον φῶ if I only
mention
Oedipus, Antiph.191.6, cf. Pl.Cra.411a, 435a. III. like κατάφημι,
say yes, affirm, assert,
καὶ τοὺς φάναι and they
said yes,
Hdt.8.88; καί φημι κἀπόφημιS.OC317; ἔγωγέ φημιPl.Grg.526c; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαιId.Tht.165a: c. inf., φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε;S.Ant.442; but οὔ φημι means
say no, deny, refuse,
c. inf., ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν
said
she would
not
.., Hdt.1.19, cf. 8.2; οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαιLys.13.15, 47 (leg. -τρέψειν): c. acc. et inf., οὔ φημ' Ὀρέστην σ' ἐνδίκως ἀνδρηλατεῖνA.Eu.221, cf. Hdt.2.63: abs., κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ if he
says no,
Ar.Av.555 (anap.); ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ answer me
yes
or no, Pl.Grg.475e; so in answers, φημί or οὕτως φημί
yes,
Id.Phdr.270c, al., Grg.500e; οὐκ ἔφη he
said no,
Id.Phd.118a.— In this sense Att. writers, besides pres., mostly use fut.φήσω and aor.ἔφησα, but in impf., inf., and part.pres., to avoid ambiguity, they prefer ἔφασκον, φάσκειν, φάσκων (v. φάσκω): φάναι is distd. fr. φάσκειν, e.g. ἔφη σπουδάζειν
he said
he was in haste, ἔφασκε σπουδάζειν
he alleged
he was in haste; but ἔφησθα is found in this sense, X.An.1.6.7. IV.
command, order,
ἔφην τῷ Ὀρθοβούλῳ ἐξαλεῖψαί μεLys.16.13 (so ἔφασαν, v. l. for ἔφρασαν in X.Cyr.4.6.11).