ὁ, ἡ, τό, epic forms, gen. τοῖο, du. τοῖιν, pl. τοί, ταί, gen. τᾶ́ων, dat. τοῖσι, τῆσ(ι): (1) as demonstrative pronoun, that, those, often merely an emphatic he, she, it, pl. they, them;οὐδὲ παλαιῶν (γυναικῶν), τᾶ́ων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν, those ancient, Od. 2.119; the emphatic after-position being common when the word is adjectival, cf. Il. 5.320, 332; the pron. is often foll. by a name in apposition, αὐτὰρ ὃ μήνιε.. Ἀχιλλεύσ, he, namely Achilles, Il. 1.488 ; ἣ δ' ἕσπετο Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη, Od. 1.125; freq. ὃ μὲν.. ὃ δέ, τὸ μὲν.. τὸ δέ, etc., the one.. the other, this.. that, etc. The word should be accented when used as a demonstrative.—(2) as definite article, the, a use denied by some to Homer, but the sense imperatively demands the later weakened force in many passages, and does not admit the stronger, Αἴᾶς δ' ὁ μέγας, Il. 16.358; αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον, Il. 8.342; τά τ̓ ἐόντα τά τ̓ ἐσσόμενα, Il. 1.70, and oftenest w. adjectives.—(3) as relative pronoun, who, which, esp., but not exclusively, the forms beginning with τ. The masc. sing. as rel. occurs, Il. 16.835, Il. 21.59, 230, Od. 1.254, Od. 2.262, Od. 4.777; πατρὸς, ὅ σ' ἔτρεφε τυτθὸν ἐόντα, Od. 11.67. τέ is often appended to the word when used relatively, ταί τε, ὅ τε, Od. 12.40.—For ὅ γε, see ὅγε.
τίσ. pronomine interrogativo τί Ar utitur in formulis qui-busdam, quibus notiones philosophicas significat, τὸ διὰτί, syn αἰτία, cf διά p 177 a50. τὸ τί i q οὐσία cf infrap 764 a41. praecipue notatu dignae sunt formulae τὸ τίἐστι et τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι.
[Remark: this dictionary entry has no valid XML/HTML content in database so a text version of this entry is shown.]: <G>tis</G>, <G>ti</G>, Indef. Pron. <tr>any one, any thing</tr>, enclitic through all cases (for exceptions <abbr>v.</abbr> infr.):—<br>but <G>ti/s;</G> <G>ti/</G>; Interrog. Pron. <tr>who? what?</tr>, oxyt. in the monosyll. cases, parox. in the others:—<br>Dialectal forms: <author>Cypr.</author> <G>sis</G> (<tr>si se</tr>) <title>Inscr.Cypr.</title>135.10 H.; <author>Arc.</author> <G>sis</G> (with for <G>s</G>) <title>IG</title>5(2).262.25 (Mantinea, <date>v B.C.</date>); Thess. <G>kis</G> ib.9(2).515.12 (<placeName>Larissa</placeName>), 1226.4, 1229.27 (<placeName>Phalanna</placeName>), pl. <G>kines</G> ib.517.41 (<placeName>Larissa</placeName>), neut. <G>ki</G> in <G>dieki/, pokki/</G> (qq.v.); neut. pl. Dor. <G>sa/</G>, Boeot. <G>ta/</G>, Aeol. dat. <G>ti/w, ti/oisi</G> (v. infr. B). (I.-<author>E.</author> <tr>qi-</tr>, cf. Lat. <tr>quis, quid</tr>, etc.; for <G>sa/, <G>ta/</G></G>, v. <G>a)/ssa, sa/ ma/n</G>; with <G>te/o</G> (v. infr. B) cf. OSlav. gen. <hi rend=ital>ceso.</hi>) <p><b>A.</b> Indef. Pron. <G>tis</G>, <G>ti</G>, gen. Ion. <G>teo</G> <author>Od.</author>16.305, <author>Hdt.</author>1.58; more freq. <G>teu</G> <author>Il.</author>2.388, al., <author>Hdt.</author>4.30, al., <author>Meliss.</author>7, etc.; Trag. and Att. <G>tou</G> <author>A.</author><title>Pr.</title>21, <author>Ar.</author><title>Ach.</title>329, <author>Th.</author>1.70, etc. (sts. fem., <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>290, <title>OT</title>1107 (lyr.), <author>E.</author><title>Hec.</title>370, etc.); <G>tou</G> is rare after 300 B.C., never in <author>LXX</author> or <title>NT</title>, but found in <title>IG</title>12(5).798.17 (Tenos, <date>iii B.C.</date>), <title>PCair.Zen.</title>250.6, 647.23 <date>(iii B.C.)</date>, <author>Plb.</author>3.23.3, revived by the Atticists, <author>D.H.</author>8.29, <author>Plu.</author><title>Fab.</title>20, etc.; <G>tinos</G> <author>Pi.</author><title>P.</title>2.90, <title>IG</title>12.16.17, 65.41, <author>A.</author><title>Eu.</title> 5, <title>Ch.</title>102, <author>S.</author><title>Ant.</title>698, al., <author>Hdt.</author>2.109, al. (<title>Rh.Mus.</title>72.483), etc.; dat. Ion. <cit><G>tew|</G> <author>Il.</author>16.227</cit>, <author>Od.</author>11.502, <author>Hdt.</author>2.48, 5.86; Trag. and Att. <G>tw|</G> (also in <author>Hom.</author>, <author>Il.</author>1.299, 12.328, <author>Od.</author>13.308, 20.297, al., always in masc.) <author>A.</author><title>Th.</title>1045, <title>IG</title>12.39.54, <author>D.S.</author>18.45; as fem., <author>A.</author><title>Th.</title>472, <author>S.</author> <title>OT</title>80, etc.; <G>tini</G> (<author>Hom.</author> in the form <cit><G>ou)/ tini</G> <author>Il.</author>17.68</cit>, <author>Od.</author>14.96) <author>Pi.</author> <title>O.</title>9.26, al., <author>B.</author>17.12, <author>Hdt.</author>1.114 (elsewh. fem., 2.62, 3.69, 83, 4.113), <author>A.</author><title>Th.</title>1041, <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>443, 495, etc.; acc. <G>tina</G> <author>Il.</author>1.62, 5.761, etc., neut. <G>ti</G> 2.122, etc.: dual <G>tine</G> <author>Od.</author>4.26, <author>Pl.</author><title>Sph.</title>237d, <title>Prm.</title>143c, 149e: pl. <G>tines</G> (<author>Hom.</author> only in <cit><G>ou)/ tines</G> <author>Od.</author>6.279</cit>, 17.587 and <G>oi(/tines</G> (v. <G>o(/stis</G>)); Dor. <G>tinen</G> <title>SIG</title>527.127 (Drerus, <date>iii B.C.</date>); nom. and acc. neut. <G>tina </G>(<cit><G>o(/tina</G> <author>Il.</author>22.450</cit>), never in Trag., <author>Ar.</author>, <author>Th.</author>, or <author>Hdt.</author>, <abbr>f.l. in</abbr> <author>Isoc.</author>4.74, first in <author>Pl.</author><title>Chrm.</title>163d, <title>Ep.</title>325a, <author>D.</author>47.63, <author>Hyp.</author><title>Ath.</title>19, <author>Alex.</author>110, <author>Sotad.Com.</author>1.22, <author>Arist.</author><title>EN</title>1094a5, <title>IG</title>42(1).121.35 (Epid., <date>iv B.C.</date>), etc.; <G>a)/ssa</G> (q.v.) <author>Od.</author>19.218, never in Trag. or <author>Hdt.</author>; Att. <G>a)/tta</G> first in <author>Th.</author>1.113, 2.100, <author>Ar.</author><title>Ra.</title>173, al., <author>Pl.</author><title>R.</title>400a, etc., never in <author>LXX</author>, <author>Plb.</author>, <author>D.S.</author>, <author>Str.</author>, revived by the Atticists, <author>D.H.</author><title>Comp.</title>3, etc.; gen. Ion. <G>tewn</G> <author>Hdt.</author>2.175, 5.57, <G>tew=n</G> cj. for <G>ge w=n</G> in 4.76; <G>tinwn</G> not in <author>Hdt.</author>, first in <author>Ar.</author><title>Eq.</title>977 (lyr.); dat. <G>tisi</G><G>, tisin</G>, first in <author>Hdt.</author> 9.113, <author>X.</author><title>Ath.</title>1.18; N.-W. Dor. <G>tinois</G> <title>GDI</title>1409.5 (Delph., <date>iii B.C.</date>); Ion. <G>teoisi</G> <author>Hdt.</author>8.113, 9.27 (for <G>teois</G> and <G>teon</G> v. <G>teo/s</G>); acc. <G>tinas</G> <author>Il.</author>15.735, <author>Od.</author>11.371 (also in <G>ou(/stinas, o(/tinas</G>, v. <G>o(/stis</G>), etc.; neut. <G>tina</G> (v. supr.):—<br><tr>any one, any thing, some one, some thing</tr>; and as <pos>Adj.</pos> <tr>any, some</tr>, and serving as the Indef. Art. <tr>a, an</tr>; <cit><G>qeo/s nu/ ti/s e)sti koth/eis</G> <author>Il.</author>5.191</cit>; <cit><G>kai/ tis qeo\s h(gemo/neuen</G> <author>Od.</author>9.142</cit>; <G>ou)de/ tis au)to\n h)ei/dh dmw/wn</G> ib.205; <G>h)/ ti o)i+sa/menos, h)\ ..</G>ib.339; <G>mh/ ti/s moi u(podei/sas a)nadu/h</G> ib.377, cf. 405-410; <G>ei)/ tina/ pou met' o)/essi la/boi</G> ib. 418, cf. 421, al.; <G>tis qeo/s</G> construed as if <G>tis qew=n</G>, 19.40, cf. 11.502, <title>IG</title>12.94.19, <author>E.</author><title>Hel.</title>1039. <p><b>II.</b> special usages: <p><b>1.</b> <tr>some one</tr> (of many), i.e. <tr>many a one</tr>, <cit><G>w(=de de/ tis ei)/pesken</G> <author>Il.</author>7.201</cit>, etc.: sts. with meiosis, implying <tr>all</tr> or <tr>men</tr>, 13.638, <author>Od.</author>3.224; so in Prose, <author>Hdt.</author>5.49 fin., <author>Th.</author>2.37, etc. <p><b>2.</b> <tr>any one concerned, every one</tr>, <cit><G>eu)= me/n tis do/ru qhca/sqw</G> <author>Il.</author>2.382</cit>; <G>a)lla/ tis au)to\s i)/tw</G> let <tr>every man</tr> come himself, 17.254; <cit><G>i(/na tis stuge/h|si kai\ a)/llos</G> 8.515</cit>, cf. 16.209, 17.227, al.; so in Trag. and Att., even with the imper., <G>tou=to/ tis ..i)/stw</G> S <title>Aj.</title>417 (lyr.), cf. <author>E.</author><title>Ba.</title>346, <author>Ar.</author><title>Av.</title>1187; <cit><G>a)goreu/w tini\ e)me\ mh\ basani/zein</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Ra.</title>628</cit>; <G>tou\s cumma/xous au)to/n tina kola/zein</G> that <tr>every man</tr> should himself chastise his own allies, <author>Th.</author>1.40, cf. 6.77; <cit><G>o(/ ti/ tis e)du/nato</G> <author>Id.</author>7.75</cit>; <G>a)/meino/n tinos</G> better than <tr>any others</tr>, <author>D.</author>21.66, cf. 19.35:—<br>this is more fully expressed by adding other pronominal words, <cit><G>tis e(/kastos</G> <author>Od.</author>9.65</cit>, <author>Th.</author>6.31, etc.; <cit><G>pa=s tis</G> <author>A.</author><title>Ag.</title> 1205</cit>, <author>Hdt.</author>6.80, <author>Th.</author>8.94, etc.; <cit><G>a(/pas tis</G> <author>Hdt.</author>3.113</cit>, etc.; <cit><G>ou)de/n ti ma=llon</G> <author>Id.</author>4.118</cit>. In these senses, <G>tis</G> is freq. combined with pl. words, <G>oi( kakoi\ ..ou)k i)/sasi, pri/n tis e)kba/lh|</G>, for <G>pri\n e)kba/lwsi</G>, <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title> 965; <G>oi(=s a)\n e)pi/w, h(=sso/n tis pro/seisi</G>, for <G>h(=sson prosi/asi</G>, <author>Th.</author>4.85; <cit><G>e)to/lma tis .., o(rw=ntes</G> <author>Id.</author>2.53</cit>, cf. 7.75; esp. after <G>ei)/</G> or <G>h)/n tis</G>, <author>X.</author> <title>Mem.</title>1.2.62, al. <p><b>3.</b> in reference to a definite person, whom one wishes to avoid naming, <G>ou)k e)/fasan i)e/nai, e)a\n mh/ tis xrh/mata didw=|</G> (i.e. Cyrus) <author>Id.</author><title>An.</title>1.4.12, cf. <author>Ar.</author><title>Ra.</title>552, <author>Theoc.</author>5.122; so also euphem. for something bad, <cit><G>h)/n ti poiw=men</G> <author>Th.</author>2.74</cit>; <cit><G>a)\n ou(=to/s ti pa/qh|</G> <author>D.</author>4.11</cit>: hence for the <per>1st</per> or <per>2nd pers.</per> Pron., <cit><G>a(/ tin' ou) pei/sesqai o)i/+w</G> <author>Il.</author>1.289</cit>, cf. <author>S.</author><title>Ant.</title>751; <G>poi= tis tre/yetai</G>; for <G>poi= tre/yomai</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Th.</title>603, cf. <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>245 (lyr.), 1138, <author>Th.</author>4.59, <author>X.</author><title>An.</title>3.4.40, 5.7.31, etc. <p><b>4.</b> indefinitely, where we say <tr>they</tr>, French <tr>on</tr>, sts. with an ironical force, <cit><G>fobei=tai/ tis</G> <author>A.</author><title>Ch.</title>59</cit> (lyr.); <cit><G>misei= tis e)kei=non</G> <author>D.</author>4.8</cit>; as voc., <G>to\n *plou=ton e)/cw tis ka/lei</G> call P. out, <tr>somebody</tr>, <author>Ar.</author><title>Pl.</title>1196. <p><b>5.</b> <G>tis</G><G>, ti</G> may be opposed, expressly or by implication, to <G>ou)dei/s, ou)de/n</G>, and mean <tr>somebody, something</tr>, by meiosis for <tr>some great one, some great thing</tr>, <G>hu)/xeis tis ei)=nai</G> you boasted that you were <tr>somebody</tr>, <author>E.</author><title>El.</title>939; <cit><G>ei)si\n o(/mws tine\s oi( eu)dokimou=ntes</G> <author>Arist.</author><title>Pol.</title>1293b13</cit>; <cit><G>to\ dokei=n tin' ei)=nai</G> <author>Men.</author>156</cit>; <cit><G>to\ dokei=n tine\s ei)=nai</G> <author>D.</author>21.213</cit>; <cit><G>w(s se\ me\n e)n th=| po/lei dei= tina\ fai/nesqai, th\n po/lin d' e)n toi=s *(/ellhsi mhdeno\s a)ci/an ei)=nai</G> <author>Id.</author>10.71</cit>; <G>kh)gw/n tis fai/nomai h)=men</G> after all I too am <tr>somebody</tr>, <author>Theoc.</author>11.79, cf. <title>Act.Ap.</title>5.36; also in neut., <cit><G>oi)/ontai/ ti ei)=nai o)/ntes ou)deno\s a)/cioi</G> <author>Pl.</author><title>Ap.</title>41e</cit>, cf.<title>Phd.</title>63c, <title>Phdr.</title>243a, <title>Euthd.</title>303c, etc.:—<br> so <G>ti le/gein</G> to be near the mark, opp. <G>ou)de\n le/gein</G>, <author>Id.</author><title>Prt.</title>339c, <title>R.</title>329e, <title>Phdr.</title>260a, etc.; <cit><G>i(/na kai\ ei)dw=men ei)/ ti o(/de le/gei</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Cra.</title>407e</cit>; <cit><G>oi)/esqe/ ti poiei=n, ou)de\n poiou=ntes</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Smp.</title>173c</cit>. <p><b>b.</b> <G>tis</G> is sts. opp. to another word, <cit><G>a)ellopo/dwn me/n tin' eu)frai/noisin i(/ppwn timai/ .., te/rpetai de\ kai/ tis ..</G> <author>Pi.</author><title>Fr.</title>221</cit>; <cit><G>tisi\ tw=n politw=n a)porou=si sunece/dwke qugate/ras .., tou\s d' e)lu/sato e)k tw=n polemi/wn</G> <author>Lys.</author>19.59</cit>; <cit><G>me/ros me/n ti sidh/rou, me/ros de/ ti o)stra/kinon</G> <author>LXX</author> <title>Da.</title>2.33</cit> (more freq. with the Article, <abbr>v.</abbr> infr. 10 c); <G>e)/stin ou)=n ou) pa=n to\ taxu/, a)lla/ ti</G> (sic codd. BT) <cit><G>au)tou= a)gasto/n</G> <author>Pl.</author><title>Cra.</title>412c</cit>; <cit><G>a)nagkai=on h)/toi pa=si toi=s poli/tais a)podi/dosqai pa/sas tau/tas ta\s kri/seis h)\ tisi\ pa/sas ..h)\ tina\s me\n au)tw=n pa=si tina\s de\ tisi/n</G> <author>Arist.</author><title>Pol.</title>1298a9</cit>, cf. 1277a23; <G>to\ mei=zon tou=q' o(/per e)sti\n e(te/rou le/getai: tino\s ga\r le/getai mei=zon</G> greater than <tr>something</tr>, <author>Id.</author><title>Cat.</title>6a38; <cit><G>to\ prw/tws o)\n kai\ ou) ti\ o)\n a)ll' o)\n a(plw=s</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Metaph.</title>1028a30</cit>; <G>po/teron tw=| tuxo/nti h)\ tisi/n</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Pol.</title>1269a26. <p><b>6.</b> with pr. names <G>tis</G> commonly signifies <tr>one named</tr> so-and-so, <cit><G>h)=n de/ tis e)n *trw/essi *da/rhs</G> <author>Il.</author>5.9</cit>, cf. <author>X.</author><title>An.</title>3.1.4, etc.; with a sense of contempt, <G>*qersi/ths tis h)=n</G> there was <tr>one</tr> Thersites, <author>S.</author><title>Ph.</title>442. <p><b>b.</b> <tr>one of the same sort</tr>, converting the pr. name into an appellative, <G>h)/ tis *)apo/llwn h)\ *pa/n</G> <tr>an</tr> Apollo or <tr>a</tr> Pan, <author>A.</author><title>Ag.</title>55 (anap.); [<G>po/lies] tai\ me/lontai pro/s tinos h)\ *dio\s h)\ glauka=s *)aqa/nas</G> Lyr.in <title>PVat.</title>11v xi7; <cit><G>*sku/llan tina/</G> <author>A.</author><title>Ag.</title>1233</cit>, cf.<author>Ar.</author><title>V.</title>181, <title>Av.</title>512, <title>Ra.</title>912: so also <cit><G>w(/s tis h(/lios</G> <author>A.</author><title>Ag.</title>288</cit>; <G>i)sqmo/n</G> <G>tin</G>' <author>Ar.</author> <title>Th.</title>647. <p><b>7.</b> with Adjs. <G>tis</G> combines to express the idea of a <pos>Subst.</pos> used as predicate, <G>w(/s tis qarsale/os kai\ a)naidh/s e)ssi proi/+kths</G> <tr>a</tr> bold and impudent beggar, <author>Od.</author>17.449, cf. 18.382, 20.140, <author>Il.</author>3.220; <G>e)gw/ tis, w(s e)/oike, dusmaqh/s</G> <tr>a</tr> dull<tr>ard</tr>, <author>Pl.</author><title>R.</title>358a, cf. <title>Prt.</title>340e; <G>fo/bou ple/a tis ei)=</G> <tr>a</tr> cow<tr>ard</tr>, <author>A.</author><title>Pr.</title>696, cf. <title>Th.</title>979(lyr.), <title>Ag.</title>1140 (lyr.); <G>w(s taxei=a/ tis ..xa/ris diarrei=</G> in what swift <tr>fashion</tr> ( = <G>taxe/ws pws</G>), <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>1266, cf. <title>OT</title>618, <author>Hdt.</author>4.198; <G>deino/n ti poieu/menos</G> thinking it <tr>a</tr> terrible <tr>thing</tr>, <author>Id.</author>3.155, 5.33. <p><b>8.</b> with numerals and Adjs. expressing number, size, or the <abbr>like</abbr> , <G>ei(=s de/ tis a)rxo\s a)nh\r ..e)/stw</G> <tr>some</tr> one man, <author>Il.</author>1.144; <cit><G>e(/na tin' a)\n kaqei=sen</G> <author>Ar.</author><title>Ra.</title>911</cit>; <cit><G>dw/sei de/ ti e(/n ge fe/resqai</G> <author>Od.</author>15.83</cit>; <cit><G>tina\ mi/an nu/kta</G> <author>Th.</author>6.61</cit>; <cit><G>proskalesa/meno/s tinas du/o tw=n e(katontarxw=n</G> <title>Act.Ap.</title>23.23</cit>; sts. the <G>tis</G> softens the definiteness of the numeral, <G>e(pta/ tines</G> <tr>some</tr> seven, seven <tr>or so</tr>, <author>Th.</author>7.34; <cit><G>e)s diakosi/ous tina/s</G> <author>Id.</author>3.111</cit>, cf. 7.87, 8.21; so without an actual numeral, <G>h(me/ras tina/s</G> <tr>some</tr> days, i.e. <tr>several</tr>, <author>Id.</author>3.52; <G>stratw=| tini</G> <tr>of a certain amount, considerable</tr>, <author>Id.</author>8.3; <G>e)niauto/n tina</G> a year <tr>or so</tr>, <author>Id.</author>3.68; so <G>ou) polloi/ tines, tine\s ou) polloi/</G>, <author>A.</author><title>Pers.</title>510, <author>Th.</author> 6.94, etc.; <G>o)li/goi tine/s</G> or <cit><G>tine\s o)li/goi</G> <author>Id.</author>2.17</cit>, 3.7; <G>ou)/ tina pollo\n xro/non</G> no <tr>very</tr> long time, <author>Hdt.</author>5.48; <cit><G>tis stratia\ ou) pollh/</G> <author>Th.</author>6.61</cit>; so also <G>o(/ssos tis xruso/s</G> what <tr>a</tr> store of gold, <author>Od.</author>10.45, cf. <author>Hdt.</author> 1.193, 2.18, etc.; <cit><G>ko/soi tine/s</G> <author>Id.</author>7.234</cit>; <cit><G>phli/kai tine\s timwri/ai</G> <author>Isoc.</author> 20.3</cit>; <cit><G>pollo\s ga/r tis e)/keito</G> <author>Il.</author>7.156</cit>; <cit><G>e)k pollou= teu xro/nou</G> <author>Hdt.</author> 2.58</cit>. <p><b>9.</b> with Pronominal words, <G>a)lla/ ti/ moi to/de qumo\s ..mermhri/zei</G> <tr>something</tr>, namely this, <author>Od.</author>20.38, cf. 380; <G>oi(=o/s tis</G> what sort of <tr>a</tr> man, <author>Il.</author>5.638 (dub. l.), cf. <author>Od.</author>9.348, 20.377, <author>Pl.</author><title>Prt.</title>313a, etc.; <cit><G>poi=o/s tis</G> <author>S.</author><title>Ant.</title>42</cit>, <title>OC</title>1163, <author>Hdt.</author>3.34, <author>X.</author><title>An.</title>7.6.24, etc.; <cit><G>o(poi=o/s tis</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Cyr.</title>2.2.2</cit>, al.; <cit><G>eu)tuxi/h tis toih/de</G> <author>Hdt.</author>3.139</cit>, cf. <author>X.</author><title>Mem.</title>1.1.1, etc.; <cit><G>toiou=to/s tis</G> <author>Id.</author><title>An.</title>5.8.7</cit>. <p><b>10.</b> with the Article, <p><b>a.</b> when a noun with the Art. is in appos. with <G>tis</G>, as <G>o(/tan d' o( ku/rios parh=| tis</G> when the person in authority, <tr>whoever he be</tr>, is here, <author>S.</author><title>OC</title>289; <G>tou\s au)toe/ntas ..timwrei=n tinas</G> (<abbr>v.l.</abbr> <G>tina</G>) <author>Id.</author><title>OT</title>107. <p><b>b.</b> in Philosophic writers, <G>tis</G> is added to the Art. to show that the Art. is used to denote a particular individual who is not specified in the general formula, although he would be in the particular case, <G>o( ti\s a)/nqrwpos</G> <tr>the individual</tr> man (<tr>whoever he may be), this or that</tr> man, opp. <G>a)/nqrwpos</G> (man in general), <G>o( ti\s i(/ppos, h( ti\s grammatikh/</G>, <author>Arist.</author><title>Cat.</title>1b4, 8; <G>to\ ti\ me/geqos</G>, opp. <G>o(/lws to\ me/geqos</G>, <author>Id.</author><title>Pol.</title>1283a4, cf. <author>S.E.</author><title>P.</title>2.223; but in <cit><G>e(no\s ga\r to/ ge ti\ fh/seis shmei=on ei)=nai</G> <author>Pl.</author><title>Sph.</title>237d</cit>, the Art. is used as in <author>Il.</author> cc. <abbr>s.v.</abbr> <G>o(</G>, <G>h(</G><cit><G>, to/</G> <author>B.</author>1.5</cit>: later <G>o(/ tis</G> (or <G>o( ti\s</G>) much like <G>o( dei=na, deu=ro o(/ tis qeo/s, o)/fqhti/ moi</G> in a general formula of invocation, <title>PMag.Par.</title>1.236; <G>ai)/rw se, h(/ tis bota/nh</G> ib.287; <G>ei)s th/n tina krei/an</G> (leg. <G>xrei/an</G>) ib.289. <p><b>c.</b> freq. in opposed clauses, <cit><G>o( me/n tis .., o( de\ ..</G> <author>E.</author><title>Med.</title>1141</cit>, <title>Hec.</title>624, <author>Pl.</author><title>Phd.</title>99b, etc.; <cit><G>o( me/n tis .., a)/llos de\ ..</G> <author>E.</author><title>IT</title>1407</cit>; <cit><G>o( me\n .., o( de/ tis ..</G> <author>X.</author><title>Cyr.</title>1.4.15</cit>: pl., <cit><G>oi( me/n tines .., oi( de\ ..</G> <author>Hdt.</author>1.127</cit>, cf. <author>Th.</author>2.91; <cit><G>oi( me/n tines .., oi( de\ .., oi( de/ tines</G> <author>X.</author><title>Cyr.</title>3.2.10</cit>, etc.; <G>oi( me\n .., oi( de/ tines ..</G>ib.6.1.26, etc.: also combined with other alternative words, <cit><G>o( me/n tis .., o( de/ tis .., e(/teros de/ tis ..</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Smp.</title>2.6</cit>; <G>o( me\n .., e(/teros de/ tis .., o( de\ ..</G>, etc., <author>Ar.</author> <title>Pl.</title>162 sq.: also in neut., <cit><G>to\ me/n ti .., to\ de/ ti ..</G> <author>Pl.</author><title>Ep.</title>358a</cit>; <cit><G>to\ me/n ti .., to\ de\ ..</G> <author>Hdt.</author>3.40</cit>; in adverb. sense, <G>to\ me\n .., to\ de/ ti ..</G><tr>partly .., partly ..</tr>, <author>Plb.</author>1.73.4; and <G>ti</G> remains unaltered even when the Art. is pl., <cit><G>ta\ me/n ti maxo/menoi, ta\ de\ kai\ a)napauo/menoi</G> <author>X.</author><title>An.</title>4.1.14</cit>, cf. <title>HG</title>7.1.46; also <G>to\ de/ ti ..</G>but <tr>in some</tr> measure .., without <G>to\ me/n</G> preceding, <author>Th.</author>1.107, cf. 118, 7.48. <p><b>d.</b> later <G>tis</G> is used as in b supr. but without the Art., <G>gra/yon ..o(/ti ti kai/ ti ei)/lhfas</G> that you have received <tr>such</tr> and <tr>such</tr> things, <title>POxy.</title>937.22 <date>(iii A.D.)</date>; <G>klhrono/mous katalei/pw th\n qugate/ra mou/ tina kai\ to\n su/ntrofon au)th=s tina kai/ tina</G> ib.1034.2 <date>(ii A.D.)</date>; <G>ti/s tini xai/rein</G> <title>A</title> to <title>B</title> greeting (in a draft letter), ib.509 <date>(ii A.D.)</date>. <p><b>II.</b> the neut. <G>ti</G> is used, <p><b>a.</b> collectively, <G>h)=n ti kai\ e)n tai=s *surakou/sais</G> there was <tr>a party ..</tr>, <author>Th.</author>7.48; so perh. <G>tw=n a)/llwn ou)/ pe/r ti pefugme/non e)st' *)afrodi/thn, ou)/te qew=n, ou)/t' a)nqrw/pwn</G> no <tr>class,</tr> <author>h.Ven.</author>34 (but masc. <G>tis</G> in <title>h.Merc.</title> 143). <p><b>b.</b> euphem. for something bad, <abbr>v.</abbr> supr. 3. <p><b>c.</b> joined with Verbs, <tr>somewhat, in any degree, at all</tr>, <cit><G>h)= r(a/ ti/ moi kexolw/seai</G> <author>Il.</author>5.421</cit>; <cit><G>pareqa/rrune/ ti au)tou/s</G> <author>X.</author><title>HG</title>6.4.7</cit>, etc.: with Adjs. or Adverbs, <G>ou(/tw dh/ ti i)sxurai/, ou(/tw dh/ ti polu/gonon</G>, etc., <author>Hdt.</author>3.12, 108, cf. 4.52; so also <cit><G>o)li/gon ti h(=sson</G> <author>Od.</author>15.365</cit>; <cit><G>ou)de/ ti ma=llon</G> <author>Hdt.</author>6.123</cit>, etc.; <cit><G>h(=sso/n ti</G> <author>Th.</author>3.75</cit>, etc.; <G>ou) pa/nu ti, polu/ ti, sxedo/n ti</G>, v. <G>pa/nu</G> 1.3, <cit><G>polu/s</G> 111.1a</cit>, 2a, <G>sxedo/n</G> IV; also in conjunction with <cit><G>ou)de/n, mhde/n, ou)de/n ti pa/ntws</G> <author>Hdt.</author>6.3</cit>; <G>ou)de/n, mhde/n ti ma=llon</G>, <author>E.</author><title>Alc.</title>522, <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>280; <cit><G>mhde/n ti li/an</G> <author>E.</author><title>Andr.</title>1234</cit>:—<br>also <G>kai/ ti kai\ ..u(poyi/a|</G> <tr>in part</tr> also from suspicion, <author>Th.</author>1.107; <cit><G>kai/ pou/ ti kai/</G> <author>Pi.</author><title>O.</title>1.28</cit>. <p><b>12.</b> <G>ti/s te</G> freq. in <author>Hom.</author>, <cit><G>w(s o(/te ti/s te</G> <author>Il.</author>3.33</cit>, 4.141, <abbr>v.</abbr> <G>te</G> <author>B.</author> <p><b>13.</b> <G>h)/ tis h)\ ou)dei/s</G> <tr>few</tr> or none, <tr>next to none</tr>, <author>Hdt.</author>3.140, <author>X.</author><title>Cyr.</title>7.5.45, <author>D.C.</author>47.5, 48.4; <G>h)/ ti h)\ ou)de/n</G> <tr>little</tr> or nothing, <author>Pl.</author><title>Ap.</title>17b; <cit><G>h)\ ou)dei\s h)/ tis</G> <author>D.C.</author>41.62</cit> (s. v.l.). <p><b>14.</b> <G>tis</G> is pleonast. in such phrases as <G>ou)de/n ti</G> or <G>mhde/n ti</G>, <abbr>v.</abbr> supr. 11c. <p><b>b.</b> repeated in successive clauses, <cit><G>o(/sa le/gei tis h)\ pra/sseitis h)\ye/gein e)/xei</G> <author>S.</author><title>Ant.</title>689</cit>; <cit><G>ei)/ tis du/o h)\ kai\ ple/ous tis h(me/ras logi/zetai</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Tr.</title>944</cit> (where however <G>ka)/ti plei/ous</G> is prob. cj.), cf. <author>E.</author><title>Or.</title>1218 (whereas <G>tis</G> is sts. omitted in the first clause, <cit><G>ou)/te fwnh\n ou)/te tou morfh\n brotw=n</G> <author>A.</author><title>Pr.</title>21</cit>, cf. <author>S.</author><title>Tr.</title>3): but in <author>E.</author><title>Andr.</title> 734, <G>e)/sti ga/r tis ou) pro/sw ..po/lis tis</G>, the repetition is pleonastic, as also in <author>A.</author><title>Supp.</title>57 sq. (lyr., s. v.l.). <p><b>15.</b> <G>tis</G> is sts. omitted, <G>ou)de/ ken e)/nqa teo/n ge me/nos kai\ xei=ras o)/noito</G> (sc. <G>tis</G>) <author>Il.</author>13.287; <G>w(s d' e)n o)nei/rw| ou) du/natai</G> (sc. <G>tis</G>)<cit><G> feu/gonta diw/kein</G> 22.199</cit>, cf. <author>S.</author><title>OC</title>1226 (lyr.), <title>Leg.Gort.</title>2.2, <author>X.</author><title>Smp.</title>5.2, <author>Pl.</author><title>Grg.</title>456d: <G>tis</G> must often be supplied from what goes before, ib.478c, <title>Prt.</title>319d. <p><b>b.</b> sts. also <G>tis</G> is omitted before a gen. case which must depend upon it, as <cit><G>h)\ [tis] ta=s a)sw/tou *sisufida=n genea=s</G> <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>189</cit> (lyr.); <G>h)\n gamh=| pot' au)to\s h)\ [tis</G>] <cit><G>tw=n cuggenw=n</G> <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>1128</cit>; <cit><G>e)n tw=n po/lewn</G> <title>IG</title>12.56.14</cit>.--Cf. <G>o(/stis, ou)/tis, mh/tis, a)/llo ti</G>. <p><b>III.</b> Accentuation and position of <G>tis</G>: <p><b>1.</b> accentuation: <G>tis</G> is normally enclitic, but in certain uses is orthotone, i.e. theoretically oxytone (<G>ti/s, tina/, tine/s, tinw=n</G>, etc., cf. <author>Choerob.</author> <title>in Theod.</title>1.373 H.) and barytone when followed by another word (<G>ti\s</G> or <G>tis</G><G>, tina\, tine\s, tinw=n</G>, etc.). According to Sch. D.T.p.240 H. its orthotone accent is <G>ti/s</G> (not <G>ti\s</G>)<G>, ti/na, ti/nes</G>, etc. The orthotone form is used in codd.: <p><b>a.</b> at the beginning of a sentence, <G>ti/s e)/ndon ..</G>; is <tr>any one</tr> within? <author>A.</author><title>Ch.</title>654 (<G>ti\s</G> cj. Hermann); <G>ti/ fhmi;</G> = <G>le/gw ti</G>; am I saying <tr>anything?</tr> <author>S.</author><title>Tr.</title>865, <title>OT</title>1471; <<G>ti/s h)=lqe;> h)=lqe/ tis</G> has <tr>anybody</tr> come? <title>Somebody</title> has come, Sch.<author>D.T.</author> l.c.; <G>ti\s ka/qhtai, ti\s peripatei=</G>, <tr>so and so</tr> is sitting (walking), <author>S.E.</author><title>M.</title>8.97; <G>ti\s ai)po/los kalou/menos *koma/tas</G> Sch.<author>Theoc.</author>7.78; <cit><G>ti/s pote oi)kodespo/ths ..e)kopi/a</G> <author>Aesop.</author></cit> in <title>Gloss.</title> iii p.41; or after a pause, <cit><G>pw=s ga\r a)/n, e)/fhn e)gw/, w)= be/ltiste, ti\s a)pokri/naito</G> <author>Pl.</author><title>R.</title>337e</cit>; <G>ti ou)=n </G>(<G>ti\s a)\n ei)/poi</G>)<G> tau=ta le/geis</G>; <author>D.</author>1.14 (v.l.); <cit><G>e)/ntosqen de\ guna/, ti qew=n dai/dalma</G> <author>Theoc.</author>1.32</cit>; <cit><G>ou) gumno\n to\ fi/lama, ti d' w)= ce/ne kai\ ple/on e(cei=s</G> <author>Mosch.</author>1.5</cit> (v.l. for <G>tu\</G>). <p><b>b.</b> when <G>tis</G> is opp. to another <G>tis</G> or to some other word, <cit><G>tisi\ me\n sumfe/rei, tisi\ d' ou) sumfe/rei</G> <author>Arist.</author><title>Pol.</title>1284b40</cit>, cf. <author>Th.</author>2.92, <author>Pl.</author><title>Cri.</title>49a, <author>D.</author> 9.2; <cit><G>tine\s me\n ou)=n .., h(mei=s de\ ..</G> <author>Sor.</author>1.1</cit>; <cit><G>to\ ti\ me\n yeu=dos e)/xon, ti\ de\ a)lhqe/s</G> <author>S.E.</author><title>M.</title>8.127</cit>; <cit><G>a)lla\ tina\ me\n .., tina\ de\ ..</G> <author>Gem.</author>14.6</cit>; <cit><G>pote\ me\n pro\s pa/nta, pote\ de\ pro\s tina/</G> <author>Sor.</author>1.48</cit>: without such opposition, <G>tou=t' ei)s a)ni/an tou)/pos e)/rxetai tini/</G> for <tr>a certain person</tr>, <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>1138. Codd. are not consistent; in signf.11.5a, 10c, 13 they make it enclitic; in signf. 11.5b sts. enclitic, sts. orthotone (v. supr.); sts. enclitic and orthotone in the same sentence, <cit><G>pa/nta de\ ta\ gigno/mena u(po/ te/ tinos gi/gnetai kai\ e)/k tinos kai\ ti/</G> <author>Arist.</author><title>Metaph.</title>1032a14</cit>, cf. <author>Pl.</author><title>Chrm.</title>165c. <p><b>2.</b> position: <p><b>a.</b> <G>tis</G> is rarely first word in the sentence, and rarely follows a pause (v. supr. 111.1a, b); it may stand second word, <cit><G>e)/ske tis e)nqa/de ma/ntis a)nh/r</G> <author>Od.</author>9.508</cit>, cf. <author>Il.</author>8.515, 23.331; but in general its position is not far before or after the word to which it belongs in sense, <cit><G>a)ll' a)/ge dh/ tina ma/ntin e)rei/omen</G> 1.62</cit>; <cit><G>fulakh\ de/ tis e)/mpedos e)/stw</G> 8.521</cit>. <p><b>b.</b> in Ion. Prose it sts. stands between its genitive and the Article of that genitive, <cit><G>tw=n tis *perse/wn</G> <author>Hdt.</author>1.85</cit>; <cit><G>tw=n tis i(re/wn</G> <author>Id.</author>2.38</cit>; <cit><G>tw=n tines *foini/kwn</G> <author>Id.</author>8.90</cit>; <cit><G>e)s tw=n ti a)/llo stoma/twn tou= *nei/lou</G> <author>Id.</author>2.179</cit>; so also in late Prose, <author>Ath.</author>3.108d, <author>Eust.</author>1402.18, 1659.27, 1676.1. <p><b>c.</b> it stands between the Art. and <pos>Subst.</pos> in signf.11.10b. <p><b>d.</b> <G>ti/s ti</G> is the correct order, not <G>ti/ tis</G>, <title>IG</title>12.110.46, <author>Th.</author>7.10, <author>X.</author><title>An.</title>4.1.14 (codd. dett.), <author>D.</author>22.22, etc. <p><b>e.</b> whereas in Att. the order <G>e)a/n tis</G> is compulsory, in Dor. the usual order is <G>ai)/ ti/s ka</G>, <title>Leg.Gort.</title>9.43, al., <title>Tab.Heracl.</title>1.105, al. (but <cit><G>ai)/ ka/ tis</G> <author>Epich.</author>35</cit>, 159; <cit><G>ai) de/ ka mh/ tis</G> <title>Leg.Gort.</title>5.13</cit>): later Dor. <cit><G>ei)/ ti/ ka</G> <title>GDI</title>2101.3</cit>, al.; <G>kai)/ ti a)\n </G>( = <G>kai\ ei)/ ti a)\n</G>) <title>IG</title>5(1).1390.50 (Andania, <date>i B.C.</date>, <abbr>v.</abbr> infr. <author>B.</author>11.1b):—<br>this Dor. order influenced the Koine, as in the rare <cit><G>ei)/ tis a)\n</G> <author>Plu.</author><title>TG</title>15</cit>. <p><b>B.</b> Interrog. Pron. <G>ti/s</G>, Elean and Lacon. <G>ti/r</G> (q.v.), <G>ti/</G>:—<br>gen. Ep.and Ion.<cit><G>te/o</G> <author>Il.</author>2.225</cit>, <author>Herod.</author>8.1, etc., or <cit><G>teu=</G> <author>Od.</author>15.509</cit>, <author>Hdt.</author>5.106, etc.; Trag. and Att. <cit><G>tou=</G> <author>A.</author><title>Pr.</title>614</cit>, <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>1223, etc.; Ion., Trag., and Att. <cit><G>ti/nos</G> <author>Simon.</author>154</cit>, <author>Hdt.</author>6.80, <author>A.</author><title>Pr.</title>563 (anap.), <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>892, Ar <title>Ach.</title> 588, etc.; dat. Ion. <cit><G>te/w|</G> <author>Hdt.</author>1.11</cit>, al. (as fem., 4.155); no dat. in <author>Hom.</author> or <author>Hes.</author>; Trag. and Att. <cit><G>tw=|</G> <author>S.</author><title>Ant.</title>401</cit>, <author>D.</author>19.60, etc.; Aeol. <cit><G>ti/w|</G> <author>Sapph.</author>104</cit>; <G>ti/ni</G> first in <author>Pi.</author><title>N.</title>7.57, <author>A.</author><title>Pers.</title>715 (troch.), <author>S.</author><title>OT</title>10, <author>Ar.</author> <title>Ach.</title>919, <author>Hdt.</author>3.38, <author>Th.</author>1.80, <author>D.</author>20.115, etc.; acc. <cit><G>ti/na</G> <author>Il.</author>5.703</cit>, etc.; neut. <cit><G>ti/</G> 1.362</cit>, etc.: dual <G>ti/ne</G> (elided) <author>Ar.</author><title>Av.</title>107: pl.. nom. <cit><G>ti/nes</G> <author>Od.</author> 1.172</cit>, etc.; neut. <cit><G>ti/na</G> <author>Pl.</author><title>Phd.</title>102a</cit>, <author>Aeschin.</author>2.81, <author>Hipparch.</author>1.1.4, <author>Gem.</author>17.12, <title>Ep.Hebr.</title>5.12; gen. Ep. <cit><G>te/wn</G> <author>Il.</author>24.387</cit>, <author>Od.</author>20.192, and as monosyll. 6.119, 13.200; Trag. and Att. <cit><G>ti/nwn</G> <author>S.</author><title>El.</title>1476</cit>, <title>OC</title> 2, <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>1089, etc.; dat. <G>ti/si</G> first in <author>S.</author><title>OT</title>1126, <author>Ar.</author><title>Ra.</title>1455, <author>Pl.</author><title>R.</title> 332d, etc. (no dat. in <author>Hom.</author> or <author>Hes.</author>); also <cit><G>toi=si</G> <author>S.</author><title>Tr.</title>984</cit> (anap.); Ion. <cit><G>te/oisi</G> <author>Hdt.</author>1.37</cit>, cf. 2.82 (v.l. <G>o(te/oisi</G>); Aeol. <cit><G>ti/oisi</G> <author>Sapph.</author>168</cit>; acc. <cit><G>ti/nas</G> <author>S.</author><title>OC</title>115</cit>, <author>Ar.</author><title>Av.</title>370 (troch.); neut. <cit><G>ti/na</G> <author>Arr.</author><title>Epict.</title>1.30.3</cit>; Boeot. <G>ta/</G> <author>Pi.</author><title>O.</title>1.82 (<pos>Adv.</pos>); Megar. <cit><G>sa/</G> <author>Ar.</author><title>Ach.</title>757</cit>,784 (<pos>Adv.</pos>): of the pl. <author>Hom.</author> uses only nom. <G>ti/nes</G> with gen. <G>te/wn; poi=os</G> (<tr>what? which?</tr>) is sts. preferred (esp. in neut. pl.) to the <pos>Adj.</pos> <G>ti/s</G>, e.g. <G>ta\ poi=a tau=ta xrh/mata</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>1270, cf. 1337, <title>Th.</title>621, <author>Pl.</author><title>Cra.</title>391e, 395d, 406d; v. <G>poi=os</G> 1.3 and IV: <p><b>I.</b> in direct questions, <tr>who? which?</tr> neut. <tr>what? which?</tr> <G>w)= cei=noi, ti/nes e)ste/</G>; <author>Od.</author>9.252; <G>ti/ nu/ moi mh/kista ge/nhtai</G>; 5.299; <G>ti/s dai/mwn to/de ph=ma prosh/gage</G>; 17.446; <G>ti/s a)xw/, ti/s o)dma\ prose/pta m' a)feggh/s</G>; <author>A.</author><title>Pr.</title>115 (lyr.), cf. 561 (anap.), etc.; properly at the beginning of the sentence; but this position may be varied, <p><b>a.</b> for grammatical reasons, as between the Art. and <mood>part.</mood> or noun, <G>tou\s ti/ poiou=ntas to\ o)/noma tou=to a)pokalou=sin</G>; <author>X.</author><title>Mem.</title>2.2.1, cf. <author>Pl.</author><title>Smp.</title>206b; <G>th=s peri\ ti/ peiqou=s h( r(htorikh/ e)stin te/xnh</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Grg.</title>454a; <G>o( sofisth\s tw=n ti/ sofw=n e)stin</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Prt.</title>312d. <p><b>b.</b> for emphasis, <G>a(\ d' e)nne/peis, klu/ousa tou= le/geis</G>; <author>S.</author><title>OC</title>412, cf. <title>El.</title>1191; <G>po/lis te a)fistame/nh ti/s pw ..tou/tw| e)pexei/rhse</G>; <author>Th.</author>3.45; esp. when the Verb begins the sentence, <G>dra/seis de\ dh\ ti/</G>; <author>E.</author><title>HF</title>1246; <G>h)=lqes de\ kata\ ti/</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>239; <G>diafe/rei de\ ti/</G>; <author>D.</author>18.205.--The person freq. follows in gen. pl., as <G>ti/s qew=n</G>; <author>Il.</author>18.182, etc.; and of things or conditions, <G>ti/</G> is freq. with the genit. sg., of all genders, <G>pro\s ti/ xrei/as</G>; <author>S.</author><title>OT</title>1174; <G>e)lpi/dwn e)s ti/</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>OC</title>1749 codd. (lyr.); <cit><G>ka)nh/ret' e)n tw=| pra/gmatos kuroi= pote</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Aj.</title>314</cit>, etc. <p><b>2.</b> sts. as the predicate, <G>ti/s o)noma/zetai</G>; <tr>what</tr> is he named? <author>E.</author><title>Ph.</title>123; so also may be expld. the union of <G>ti/s</G> with a demonstr. or possess. Pron., or with a Noun preceded by the Art., <G>ti/ tou=t' e)/lecas</G>; <author>S.</author><title>Ph.</title> 1173 (lyr.); <G>ti/ e)sti touti/; ti/s o( tro/pos tou= ta/gmatos</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Ichn.</title>114; also with Pron. in pl., <G>ti/ tau=ta</G>; <author>E.</author><title>Ph.</title>382, <title>Andr.</title>548, etc.; <G>ti/ ga\r ta/d' e)sti/n</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>200; <G>ti/ pot' e)sti/n, a)\ dianoou/meqa</G>; <author>Pl.</author><title>Tht.</title>154e; <G>ti/ pot' e)sti\ tau=ta</G>; ib.155c; <cit><G>skepte/on ti/ ta\ sumbai/nonta</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Grg.</title>508b</cit>; so <G>ti/</G> is used as predicate of a masc. or fem. subject, <G>ti/ nin prosei/pw</G>; <author>A.</author><title>Ch.</title> 983(997); <G>ti/ soi fai/netai o( neani/skos</G>; <author>Pl.</author><title>Chrm.</title>154d:—<br>also <G>ti/s d' o(/de *nausika/a| e(/petai</G>; <tr>who</tr> is this that follows N.? <author>Od.</author>6.276; <G>ti/s d' ou(=tos e)/rxeai</G>; <author>Il.</author>10.82, cf. <author>Alc.</author>84.1, <author>S.</author><title>El.</title>328,388, <title>Ant.</title>7,218, <author>E.</author><title>Hec.</title>501, <author>Pl.</author><title>Cri.</title>43c; and in the reverse order, <G>th/nde ti/na leu/ssw ..</G>; <tr>who</tr> is this I see? <author>E.</author><title>IA</title>821; <G>ti/ni ou)=n toiou/tw| fi/lous a)\n qhrw/|hn</G>; <tr>with what means</tr> of such kind ..? <author>X.</author><title>Mem.</title>3.11.9; <G>ti/ tosou=ton nomi/zontes h)dikh=sqai</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Smp.</title>4.53; <G>ti/ me to\ deino\n e)rga/sh|</G>; <tr>what</tr> is the dreadful thing which ..? <author>E.</author><title>Ba.</title>492, cf. <author>S.</author><title>OC</title>598,1488, etc.; <G>ti/n' o)/yin sh\n prosde/rkomai</G>; <tr>what</tr> face is this I see of thine? <author>E.</author><title>Hel.</title>557; <G>para\ ti/nas tou\s u(ma=s</G>; <tr>who</tr> are 'you' to whom [I am to come]? <author>Pl.</author><title>Ly.</title>203b:—<br>the Art. is exceptionally added to <G>ti/s</G>, when it leads up to a word which requires the Art., <G>lhfqh/sei ..*panh/mou ei)ka/di: kai\ *lw/|ou th=|--ti/ni; th=| deka/th|</G> on the twentieth of the month Panemus and of Loüs on the --<tr>what</tr> day? the tenth, <author>Call.</author><title>Epigr.</title>46:—<br>in Com.also <G>to\ ti/</G>; <tr>what</tr> is that? <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>775, <title>Pax</title>696, <title>Av.</title>1039, <title>Pl.</title>902, etc.; <G>tou= ti/nos xa/rin</G>; <title>UPZ</title>6.29 <date>(ii B.C.)</date>; and with pl. Art., <G>ta\ ti/</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Pax</title>693. <p><b>3.</b> with prop. names treated as appellatives (v. <G>tis</G> indef. 11.6b), <G>ti/s a)=ra *ku/pris h)\ ti/s *(/imeros</G>; <author>S.</author><title>Fr.</title>874; <G>ti/s se *qhriklh=s pote e)/teuce</G>; <author>Eub.</author>43; <G>ti/s ..*xi/maira pu/rpnoos</G>; <author>Anaxil.</author>22.3. <p><b>4.</b> <G>ti/s a)\n qew=n ..doi/h</G>; like <G>pw=s a)/n</G>, <tr>would that some one ..</tr>, <author>S.</author><title>OC</title>1100, cf. <author>A.</author><title>Ag.</title>1448 (lyr.). <p><b>5.</b> a question with <G>ti/s</G> often amounts to a strong negation, <G>tw=n d' a)/llwn ti/s ken ou)no/mat' ei)/poi</G>; <author>Il.</author>17.260; <G>ti/s a)\n e)ceu/roi pot' a)/meinon</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Pl.</title>498; <G>ti/nes a)\n dikaio/teron ..misoi=nto</G>; <author>Th.</author>3.64, etc. <p><b>6.</b> sts. two questions are asked in one clause by different cases of <G>ti/s; h( ti/sin ti/ a)podidou=sa te/xnh dikaiosu/nh a)\n kaloi=to</G>; <author>Pl.</author><title>R.</title>332d; <cit><G>ti/ labo/nta ti/ dei= poiei=n</G> <author>D.</author>4.36</cit>:—<br>a <abbr>like</abbr> doubling of the question lies in the union of <G>ti/s</G> with other interrog. words, <G>ti/s po/qen ei)s </G>(<G>ei)=s</G> codd.) <G>a)ndrw=n</G>; <author>Od.</author>1.170, cf. <author>S.</author><title>Tr.</title>421. <p><b>7.</b> <G>ti/s</G> with Particles:—<br><G>ti/s ga/r</G>; <tr>why who? who possibly?</tr> <G>ti/s ga/r se qew=n ..h(=ken</G>; <author>Il.</author>18.182; <abbr>v.</abbr> infr. 8 f. <p><b>b.</b> <G>ti/s de/; w)= kou=rai, ti/s d' u)/mmin ..pwlei=tai</G>; <title>h.Ap.</title>169. <p><b>c.</b> <G>ti/s dh/</G>; <tr>who then?</tr> <cit><G>ti/s dh/ ken broto\s ..a(/zoit' a)qana/tous</G> <author>Thgn.</author>747</cit>; <G>ti/s dh=ta</G>; <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>518. <p><b>d.</b> <G>ti/s pote</G>; <tr>who in the world? who ever?</tr> <G>ti/s pot' w)\n genea\n kai\ poi/an tina\ fu/sin e)/xwn</G>; <author>X.</author><title>Cyr.</title>1.1.6, cf. <author>S.</author><title>El.</title>975; <G>ti/s dh/pote</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Fr.</title>106 (but <G>ti/s a)/n pote</G> is prob. cj.). <p><b>8.</b> the usages of the neut. <G>ti/</G>; are very various: <p><b>a.</b> <G>ti/</G>; alone, as a simple question, <tr>what?</tr> <G>ti/ ga/r</G>; <author>A.</author><title>Th.</title>336 (lyr.):—<br>on <G>o(/ti ti/; o(/ti ti/ dh/; o(/ti dh\ ti/</G>; v. <G>o(/ti</G> <author>B.</author> 1b; on <G>w(s ti/</G>; v. <G>w(s</G> F.1. <p><b>b.</b> <G>ti/ tou=to; ti/ tau=ta</G>; <abbr>v.</abbr> supr. 2. <p><b>c.</b> <G>ti/ moi; ti/ soi</G>; <tr>what</tr> is it to me? to thee? <author>S.</author><title>Ph.</title>753, etc.; c. gen., <G>ti/ moi e)/ridos kai\ a)rwgh=s</G>; <tr>what</tr> have I to do with ..? <author>Il.</author>21.360; <G>ti/ de/ soi tau=ta</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Lys.</title>514, cf. <title>Ec.</title>521 (where the answerer repeats the question in indirect form, <G>o(/ ti/ moi tou=t' e)/stin;</G>)<G>; a)lla\ dh\ ti/ tou=t' e)moi/</G>; <author>Diph.</author>32.18; <G>ti/ e)moi\ kai\ soi/</G>; <tr>what</tr> have I to do with thee? <author>LXX</author> <title>Jd.</title>11.12, <author>Arr.</author><title>Epict.</title>2.19.19, <title>Ev.Jo.</title>2.4; <G>ti/ soi\ kai\ ei)rh/nh|</G>; <author>LXX</author> <title>4 Ki.</title>9.18, cf. <title>Ho.</title>14.9; <G>ti/ pro\sse/</G>; <author>M.Ant.</author>8.44, cf.<title>Ev.Matt.</title>27.4; <G>soi\ de\ kai\ tou/toisi toi=si prh/gmasi ti/ e)sti</G>; <tr>what</tr> have you to do with these matters? <author>Hdt.</author>5.33; <G>ti/ tw=| no/mw| kai\ th=| basa/nw|</G>; <author>D.</author>29.36:—<br>folld. by a clause, <G>ti/ de\ ti/n, ei) kwti/lai ei)me/s</G>; <author>Theoc.</author>15.89; or with <mood>inf.</mood>, <G>ti/ ga/r moi tou\s e)/cw kri/nein</G>; <title>1 Ep.Cor.</title>5.12:—<br>v. <G>ei)mi/</G> c.111.2. <p><b>d.</b> <G>ti/maqw/n; ti/ paqw/n</G>; v. <G>manqa/nw</G> v, <cit><G>pa/sxw</G> 111.4</cit>. <p><b>e.</b> <G>ti/</G>; also often stands abs. as <pos>Adv.</pos> <tr>how? why? wherefore?</tr> <author>Il.</author>1.362, etc.; so too in Att., <author>Pl.</author><title>Cri.</title> 43c, etc.; <G>do/mwn ga\r zw=si tw=nde despo/tai</G>. Answ. <G>ti/ zw=sin</G>; <tr>how do you mean</tr> <cit><G>zw=si? zw=si</G> <tr>forsooth!</tr> <author>E.</author><title>Alc.</title>806</cit>; <G>*kiqairw\n</G>--Answ. <G>ti/ *kiqairw/n</G>; <tr>what about</tr>K.? <author>Id.</author><title>Ba.</title>1177 codd., cf. 1182 (both lyr.); cf. <G>ti/h</G>. <p><b>f.</b> <G>ti/</G> with Particles: <G>-ti/ ga/r</G>; <tr>why not? how else?</tr> and so it came to mean <tr>of course, no doubt</tr>, <author>A.</author><title>Ag.</title>1239, <title>Ch.</title>880, <title>Eu.</title>678, etc.; used in affirmative answers, <author>Pl.</author><title>Phdr.</title>258d, <title>Tht.</title>209b, al.; to introduce an argument, <author>Arist.</author><title>Pol.</title>1281a14; v. <G>ga/r</G> 1.4:—<br><G>ti/ dai/</G>; v. <G>dai/</G>:—<br><G>ti/ de/</G>; serving to pass on quickly to a fresh point, <author>Pl.</author><title>Hp.Ma.</title>288c, al.; <G>ti/ de/, ei) ..</G>; but <tr>what</tr>, if ..? <author>E.</author><title>Hel.</title>1043; <G>ti/ d' a)/n, ei) ..</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Th.</title>773; <G>ti/ d' h)\n ..</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Nu.</title>1444; <G>ti/ de/, ei) mh\ ..</G>; <tr>what</tr> else but ..? <author>X.</author><title>Oec.</title>9.1, cf. <author>S.</author><title>OT</title> 941, <title>Ph.</title>421; so <G>ti/ de\ dh/; ti/ dh/; ti/ dh/ pote</G>; <tr>why ever? why in the world? what do you mean?</tr> <author>Pl.</author><title>R.</title>470e, <title>Grg.</title>469a, <title>Sph.</title>241d, <author>S.</author><title>El.</title> 1184:—<br>so also <G>ti/ dh=ta</G>; <tr>how, pray?</tr> <G>ti/ dh=t' a)/n, ei) ..</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>154:—<br> (<G>ti/ mh/</G>; <abbr>f.l. in</abbr> <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>668):—<br><G>ti/ mh/n</G>; i.e. <tr>yes certainly</tr>, much like <G>ti/ ga/r</G>; <author>Pl.</author><title>Tht.</title>162e, etc., prob. in <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>668:—<br><G>ti/ mh\n ou)/</G>; in reply to a question, <author>Id.</author><title>El.</title>1280 (lyr.):—<br><G>ti/ nu</G>; <tr>why</tr> now? <author>Il.</author>1.414, etc.:—<br><G>ti/ d' ou)/</G>; parenthetic, <tr>why not?</tr> as an affirmative answer, <author>S.</author><title>Ant.</title>460; <G>ti/ ou) kalou=men</G>; i.e. let us call, <author>Ar.</author><title>Lys.</title>1103; <G>ti/ ou) badi/zomen</G>; etc., <author>Pl.</author><title>Prt.</title>310e, etc.:—<br><G>ti/ ou)=n</G>; <tr>how so?</tr> making an objection, <author>A.</author><title>Th.</title> 208; but <G>ti/ ou)=n e)/t' a)\n sai/noimen ..mo/ron</G>; ib.704; <G>ti/ ou)=n ou)k e)rwta=|s</G>; <author>Pl.</author><title>Ly.</title>211d:—<br><G>ti/ pote</G>; v. <G>ti/pte</G>; <p><b>g.</b> with Conjunctions following:—<br><G>ti/ o(/ti ..</G>; <tr>why</tr> is it that ..? <author>Stratt.</author>62 (f.l.), <author>LXX</author> <title>Ge.</title> 3.1, <title>Ev.Luc.</title>2.49, etc.:—<br>with Conjunctions preceding, <G>i(/na ti/</G>; v. <G>i(/na</G> <author>B.</author> 11.3 c. <p><b>h.</b> with Preps.:—<br><G>dia\ ti/</G>; <tr>wherefore?</tr> <author>Ar.</author><title>Pl.</title>1111, etc.:—<br><G>e)k ti/nos</G>; from <tr>what</tr> cause? <author>X.</author><title>An.</title>5.8.4:—<br><G>e)s ti/</G>; to <tr>what</tr> point? how long? <author>Il.</author>5.465; but also, to <tr>what</tr> end? <author>S.</author><title>Tr.</title>403, cf. <title>OC</title>524 (lyr.):—<br><G>kata\ ti/</G>; for <tr>what</tr> purpose? <author>Ar.</author><title>Nu.</title>239:—<br><G>pro\s ti/</G>; <tr>wherefore?</tr> <author>S.</author><title>OT</title>766, 1027, etc. <p><b>II.</b> <G>ti/s</G> is sts. used for <G>o(/stis</G> in indirect questions, <cit><G>ei)rw/ta dh\ e)/peita ti/s ei)/h kai\ po/qen e)/lqoi</G> <author>Od.</author>15.423</cit>, cf. 17.368; <cit><G>dei=con ti/s e)/stai th=| talaipw/rw| xro/nos</G> <author>A.</author><title>Pr.</title>623</cit>; <G>ou)d' e)/xw ti/s a)\n genoi/man</G> ib.905 (lyr.); <cit><G>ou)k e)/xw ti/ fw=</G> <author>Id.</author><title>Ch.</title>91</cit>, cf. <author>S.</author><title>OC</title>48, etc.; <cit><G>e)piskeyw/meqa ti/nes pe/pantai sfendo/nas</G> <author>X.</author><title>An.</title>3.3.18</cit>; <G>ei)pe\ ti/na gnw/mhn e)/xeis</G> ib.2.2.10; freq. in later Gr., where <G>o(/stis</G> is very rare, <cit><G>ei)s to\ logisth/rion gra/fwn ..ti/ o)fei/letai</G> <title>PHib.</title>1.29.42</cit> <date>(iii B.C.)</date>, cf. <title>PCair.Zen.</title> 21.40, al. <date>(iii B.C.)</date>; <G>ou)qei\s e)sh/mhnen para\ ti/ a)\n toi=s prostetagme/nois ..ou) kathkolou/qhsan</G> nobody indicated <tr>why</tr> they should not have obeyed orders, <title>PTeb.</title>72.160, cf. 61(<tr>b</tr>).227 <date>(ii B.C.)</date>; <G>o(/stis</G> and <G>ti/s</G> are sts. combined, <cit><G>w(s pu/qoiq' o(/ ti drw=n h)\ ti/ fwnw=n r(usai/mhn</G> <author>S.</author><title>OT</title>71</cit>, cf. <author>A.</author><title>Pr.</title>489 sq., 617,623:—<br>later with <mood>inf.</mood>, <G>ti/ pra/ttein ou)k e)/xw</G> I do not know <tr>what</tr> to do, <author>Aesop.</author>67, cf. Ps.-<author>Luc.</author><title>Philopatr.</title>29. <p><b>b.</b> sts. not in indirect questions, <tr>whoever, whatever</tr>, <cit><G>ai)tou= ti/ xrh/|zeis e(/n</G> <author>E.</author><title>Fr.</title>773.2</cit>; <G>tau=ta ou)k a)pe/stellon pa/nta, a)ll' e)klego/menoi ti/nwn ai( timai\ e)pete/tanto</G> <tr>whatever</tr> things had risen in price, <author>D.</author>56.24; <G>ti/na d' a( *ku/pris ou)k e)fi/lhsen</G> <tr>whomsoever</tr> K. has not loved, <title>AP</title>5.169 (<author>Noss.</author>); <G>ti/ni h( tu/xh di/dwsi, labe/tw</G> Antiochusap.<author>Ptol.Euerg.</author>3 <author>J.</author>; <cit><G>lambane/tw ti/ qe/lei</G> <title>AP</title>12.219</cit> (<author>Strat.</author>); <cit><G>ta\n o)na/lan ki/s ke ginu/eitei</G> <title>IG</title> 9(2).517.22</cit> (Larissa, <date>iii B.C.</date>); <G>kai\ ti/ a)\n ei)= </G>( = <G>h)=|</G>)<G> loipo/n</G> ib.5(1).1390.50 (Andania, <date>i B.C.</date>, nisi leg. <G>kai)/ ti a)\n</G>, <abbr>v.</abbr> supr.<author>A.</author> 111.2e); <cit><G>ti/s a)\n de\ xei=ra prosaga/gh|</G> <title>Epigr.Gr.</title>376a</cit> (<placeName>Aezani</placeName>); <cit><G>ti/s sofo/s, au)tw=| proskollh/qhti</G> <author>LXX</author><title>Si.</title>6.34</cit>; <cit><G>ou) ti/ e)gw\ qi/lw, a)lla\ ti/ su/</G> <title>Ev.Marc.</title>14.36</cit>; <G>ti/s sofi/h| pa/ntwn prw=tos, tou/tou tri/pod' au)dw=</G> Orac. ap. <author>D.S.</author>9.3 et ap.<author>D.L.</author> 1.28 codd. (<G>o(\s</G> Cobet from Sch.<author>Ar.</author><title>Pl.</title>9); <cit><G>xai=re kai\ su/, ti/s pot' ei)=</G> <title>IG</title>9</cit> (2).953 (<placeName>Larissa</placeName>), cf. <title>CIG</title>1982 (<placeName>Thessalonica</placeName>); in other places, as <author>S.</author><title>El.</title>1176, <title>Tr.</title>339, <title>OT</title>1144, <author>E.</author><title>Ion</title>324, this constr. cannot be admitted. <p><b>c.</b> <G>ti/s</G> = <G>o(/stis</G> after a neg., <G>mh/ ti/s e)stin e)n u(mi=n a)nh\r h)\ gunh\ .., ti/nos h( dia/noia e)ce/klinen ktl</G>.; <author>LXX</author> <title>De.</title>29.18. <p><b>d.</b> = <G>o(/s</G> or <cit><G>o(/sper, te/wn ..*zeu\s e)pi\ salpi/ggwn i(ra\ boh=| de/xetai *ka=res o(mou= *lele/gessi</G> <author>Call.</author><title>Aet.</title>3.1.60</cit>, cf. <title>Del.</title>185, <title>Epigr.</title>30.2, <author>Nic.</author><title>Al.</title>2; <cit><G>*dwroqe/an, ti/s to\n e)mo\n a)/ndra ei)=xe</G> <title>Tab.Defix.Aud.</title>10.4</cit> (Cnidus, <date>ii/i B.C.</date>), cf. 5.2,8; <cit><G>ti/nas i(erewsu/nas ei)=xon e)penegu/wn</G> <title>SIG</title>705.43</cit>, cf. 56 (Senatus consultum, Delph., <date>ii B.C.</date>); <cit><G>ti/na me u(ponoei=te ei)=nai, ou)k ei)mi\ e)gw/</G> <title>Act.Ap.</title> 13.25</cit>; <G>ti/s e)/zhsen e)/th b/</G> <tr>who</tr> lived .., <title>IG</title>14.1560 (<placeName>Rome</placeName>), cf. 1391 (ibid.); <cit><G>eu(=ron gewrgo/n, ti/s au)ta\ e(lku/sh|</G> <title>BGU</title>822.5</cit> <date>(ii/iii A.D.)</date>. <p><b>2.</b> <G>ti/s; ti/</G>; in direct or indirect questions may be construed with a <mood>part.</mood>, <G>su\ de\ ti/s w)\n tau=ta le/geis</G>; being <tr>who</tr>, i.e. who are you that ..? <author>Pl.</author><title>Grg.</title>452a; <cit><G>e)peire/sqai ..ti/nes e)o/ntes a)/nqrwpoi ..tau=ta proagoreu/ousi</G> <author>Hdt.</author>1.153</cit>; <G>katamema/qhkas ..tou\s ti/ poiou=ntas to\ o)/noma tou=to a)pokalou=si</G>; <author>X.</author><title>Mem.</title>2.2.1; or in a subordinate clause, <G>a)ll' o(/tan ti/ poih/swsi, nomiei=s au)tou\s sou= fronti/zein</G>; ib.1.4.14; <G>nu=n d' e)peidh\ ti/nos te/xnhs e)pisth/mwn e)sti/, ti/na a)\n kalou=ntes au)to\n o)rqw=s kaloi=men</G>; <author>Pl.</author> <title>Grg.</title>448c. <p><b>III.</b> = <G>po/teros</G>; <author>X.</author><title>Cyr.</title>1.3.17, <author>Pl.</author><title>Phlb.</title>52d, <title>Ev.Matt.</title> 27.21, <title>Ev.Luc.</title>5.23. <p><b>IV.</b> <G>ti/</G> as exclamatory <pos>Adv.</pos>, <tr>how ..</tr>! <cit><G>ti/ w(raiw/qhsan siago/nes sou w(s trugo/nes</G> <author>LXX</author> <title>Ca.</title>1.10</cit>, cf. 4.10; <G>ti/ qe/lw</G> <tr>how</tr> I wish! <title>Ev.Luc.</title>12.49; <G>ti/ stenh/</G> <abbr>v.l. in</abbr> <title>Ev.Matt.</title>7.14. <p><b>C.</b> Prosody: <G>tis</G> and <G>ti/s</G> keep <G>i^</G> in all cases (digamma operates in <author>Il.</author>6.462, etc.). <p><b>II.</b> <G>ti/</G> was never elided; but hiatus is allowed after <G>ti/</G> in Ep. <G>ti/ h)\</G> (v. <G>ti/h</G>), also in Com., as <G>ti/ ou)</G>; <author>Ar.</author><title>Av.</title>149; <G>ti/ ou)=n</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Pl.</title>94; <G>ti/ e)/sti</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Nu.</title>82, <title>Av.</title>1036; <G>ti/, w)= pa/ter</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Nu.</title> 80:—<br>a licence which is rarer in Trag., <G>ti/ e)/stin</G>; <author>S.</author><title>Ph.</title>733; <G>ti/ ou)=n</G>; <author>A.</author><title>Th.</title>208,704, <title>Eu.</title>902, <author>S.</author><title>Aj.</title>873 (lyr.), <title>Ph.</title>100, etc.; <G>ti/ ei)=pas</G>; <author>Id.</author><title>Tr.</title>1203, <title>Ph.</title>917.
Hom., v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, A. VIII. 2 a, b; ἀλλ' οὔτε περισπᾶται οὔτε σὺν τῷ ῑ γράφεται (i.e. τώ) A.D.Adv.199.2: written τὼ in Alc.Supp.26.11. II.τῷ; for τίνι; dat. sg. of τίς;
ὁ, ἡ, τό, is, when thus written, A. demonstr. Pronoun. B. in Att., definite or prepositive Article. C. in Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.— The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, αἳ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖσ were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶσ) in Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.): other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dual τοῖινOd.18.34, al.: gen. pl. fem. τάων [ᾱ], dat. τοῖσι, τῇσ and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖσ in Hom.— In Dor. and all other dialects exc. Att. and Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence Dor. etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶσ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνσ (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τόσ (ib.3.50, al.); in Lesbian Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς,IG12(2).645 A13, B62; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖσ (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The Att. Poets also used the Ion. and Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν .., τοὶ δέ .., for οἱ μέν .., οἱ δέ .., not only in lyr., as A.Pers.584, Th.295,298; οἱ μέν ..τοὶ δ'S.Aj.1404 (anap.); but even in a trimeter, A.Pers.424. In Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq.; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23; τὼ ἡμέραX.Cyr.1.2.11; τὼ χεῖρεId.Mem.2.3.18; τοῖν χεροῖνPl.Tht.155e; τοῖν γενεσέοινId.Phd.71e; τοῖν πολέοινIsoc.4.75 (τάS.Ant.769, Ar.Eq.424,484, ταῖνLys.19.17, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected); in Arc. the form τοῖσ functions as gen. dual fem., μεσακόθεν τοῖς κράναιυνSchwyzer664.8 (Orchom., iv B.C.):— in Elean and Boeot. ὁ, ἡ ἁ, τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυί̈
the following
men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With ὁ, ἁ, cf. Skt. demonstr. pron.
sa, sā,
Goth.
sa, sō,
ONorse
sá, sú,
Old Lat. acc.
sum, sam
(Enn.): — with τό [from τόδ] cf. Skt.
tat (tad),
Lat.
is-tud,
Goth.
pata
: — with τοί cf. Skt.
te,
Lith.
te,
OE.
pá,
etc.:— with τάων cf. Skt.
tāsām,
Lat.
is-tarum
:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (q. v.) is different.) A.ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN,
that,
the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense: freq. also in Hdt.(1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp.1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th.197, Ag.7, Eu. 174; τῶν γάρ .., τῆς γάρ ..,Id.Supp.358, S.OT1082; seldom in Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII): I. joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεί̈δησ
he
— Tydeus'
famous
son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην
that venerable man
Chryses, I.II: and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.—
that
aged man, 7.324; αἰετοῦ ..τοῦ θηρητῆροσ the eagle,
that which is called
hunter, 21.252, al.; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour,
namely that
of Priam, 20.181; οἴχετ' ἀνὴρ ὤριστοσ a man is gone,
and he
the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun, αὐτὰρ ὁ αὖτε Πέλοψ 2.105; τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπεσ 11.186, cf. 703, al.:— different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούσ if he would help the Trojans, but drive
those
back to the ships—
I mean
the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20,329, al. II. freq. without a Subst.,
he, she, it,
ὁ γὰρ ἦλθεIl.1.12, al. III. placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest,
above those to wit
who, etc., Il.17.172; οἷ' οὔ πώ τιν' ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν ..Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old,
those women to wit
who .., Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332; θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσενOd.21.43, cf. 1.116, 10.74:— for the Att. usage v. infr. IV. before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένοσ
that
spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art. V. for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init. VI.ὁ μέν .., ὁ δέ .. without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc.: sts. in Opposition, where ὁ μέν prop. refers to
the former,
ὁ δέ to
the latter
; more rarely ὁ μέν
the latter,
ὁ δέ
the former,
Pl.Prt.359e, Isoc.2.32,34: sts. in Partition,
the one .., the other ..,
etc.— The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the ὁ μέν .., ὁ δέ .., into parts, ἠί̈θεοι καὶ παρθένοι .., τῶν δ' αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατοIl.18.595; τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνταιPl.R.338d, etc.: but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition, ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενονIl.5.28, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and Att., S.Ant. 22, etc.; πηγὴ ἡ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, ἡ δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖPl.Phdr.255c; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg., ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενοσD.42.6: sts. a Noun is added in apposition with ὁ μέν or ὁ δέ, ὁ μὲν οὔτασ' Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος .., Μάρις δὲ ..Il.16.317-19, cf. 116; τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ.D.18.102, cf. Pl.Grg.501a, etc. 2. when a neg. accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g. τὰς γοῦν Ἀθήνας οἶδα τὸν δὲ χῶρον οὔS.OC24; τὸν φιλόσοφον σοφίας ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι, οὐ τῆς μὲν τῆς δ' οὔ, ἀλλὰ πάσησPl.R.475b; οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν τὰς δ' οὔ· οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τῶν δ' οὔId.Cri.47a, etc. 3.ὁ μέν τις .., ὁ δέ τις .. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite, ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν .., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλοσX.Cyr.3.1.41; νόμους ..τοὺς μὲν ὀρθῶς τιθέασιν τοὺς δέ τινας οὐκ ὀρθῶσPl.R.339c, cf. Phlb.13c. 4. on τὸ μέν .., τὸ δέ .., or τὰ μέν .., τὰ δέ .., v. infr. VIII.4. 5.ὁ μέν is freq. used without a corresponding ὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ' ἐσκίδναντο .., Μυρμιδόνας δ' οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαιIl.23.3, cf. 24.722, Th.8.12, etc.: also folld. by ἀλλά, ἡ μὲν γάρ μ' ἐκέλευε .., ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔθελονOd.7.304; by ἄλλος δέ,Il.6.147, etc.; τὸν μὲν .., ἕτερον δέAr.Av.843, etc.; ὁ μέν .., ὃς δέ ..Thgn.205 (v.l. οὐδέ): less freq. ὁ δέ in the latter clause without ὁ μέν preceding, τῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων (for ὁ μὲν φεύγων) Il.22.157; σφραγῖδε ..χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦνIG22.1388.45, cf. μένD. III; γεωργὸς μὲν εἷς, ὁ δὲ οἰκοδόμος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὑφαντήσPl.R. 369d, cf. Tht.181d. 6.ὁ δέ following μέν sts. refers to the subject of the preceding clause, τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ', ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον ..βεβλήκειIl. 4.491; τὴν μὲν γενομένην αὐτοῖσι αἰτίην οὐ μάλα ἐξέφαινε, ὁ δὲ ἔλεγέ σφιHdt.6.3, cf. 1.66,6.9,133,7.6: rare in Att. Prose, ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήνTh.1.87; ἔμενον ὡς κατέχοντες τὸ ἄκρον· οἱ δ' οὐ κατεῖχονX.An.4.2.6: this is different from ὁ δέ in apodosi, v. infr. 7; also from passages in which both clauses have a common verb, v. ὅ γε 11. 7.ὁ δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3. 8. the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν and δέ, οὔθ' ὁ ..οὔθ' ὁIl.15.417; ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖσA.Supp.439; οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖσPl.Lg.701e. VII. the following usages prevailed in Att. Prose, 1. in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅσ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v. ὅσA. II.I and cf. Skt.
sas,
alternat. form of
sa
); so, in acc., καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖνPl.Smp.174a, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt., καὶ τὴν φράσαι 6.61, al. 2.ὁ καὶ ὁ
such and such,
τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳPl.Lg.721b: but mostly in acc., καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόνLys.1.23, cf. Pl.Lg.784d; τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθώσD.21.141, cf. 9.68; τὸ καὶ τόId.18.243; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be
so and so,
Arist.Rh.1401a4, cf. 1413a22; but τὰ καὶ τά
now one thing, now another,
of good and bad, τὸν δ' ἀγαθὸν τολμᾶν χρὴ τά τε καὶ τὰ φέρεινThgn.398, cf. Pi.P.5.55,7.20, al.; τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρόνId.O. 2.53; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, Hp.Acut.46; cf. A. VI.8. VIII. abs. usages of single cases, 1. fem. dat. τῇ, of Place,
there, on that spot, here, this way, that way,
Il.5.752,858, al.: folld. by ᾗ, 13.52, etc.: also in Prose, τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇX.Ath.2.12. b. with a notion of motion towards,
that way, in that direction,
Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124; τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ .. 15.46; δελφῖνες τῇ καὶ τῇ ἐθύνεον ἰχθυάοντεσHes.Sc.210:— only poet. c. of Manner, τῇ περ τελευτήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν
in this way, thus,
Od.8.510. d. repeated, τῇ μέν .., τῇ δέ ..,
in one way .., in another ..,
or
partly .., partly ..,
E.Or.356, Pl.Smp.211a, etc.: without μέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ' ἧσσονParm.8.48. e. relat.,
where, by which way,
only Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229. 2. neut. dat. τῷ,
therefore, on this account,
freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.): also in Trag., A.Pr.239, S.OT510 (lyr.); in Prose, τῳ̂ τοι ..Pl.Tht. 179d, Sph.230b. b.
thus, so,
Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated,
then, if this be so, on this condition,
Od.1.239,3.224,258,al., Theoc.29.11.— In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2. 3. neut. acc. τό,
wherefore,
Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph.142(lyr.); also τὸ δέ abs., but
the fact is ..,
Pl.Ap.23a, Men.97c, Phd.109d, Tht. 157b, R.340d, Lg.967a; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6), τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ ..ἐπετήδευσανTh.1.37; τὸ δὲ ..ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσταιId.2.89; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J. 4.τὸ μέν .., τὸ δέ ..,
partly .., partly ..,
or
on the one hand .., on the other ..,
Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46; more freq. τὰ μέν .., τὰ δέ ..,Hdt.1.173, S.Tr.534, etc.; also τὰ μέν τι .., τὰ δέ τι ..X.An.4.1.14; τὸ μέν τι .., τὸ δέ τι ..Luc.Macr.14; τὰ μέν .., τὸ δὲ πλέον ..Th.1.90: sts. without τὸ μέν .. in the first clause, τὸ δέ τιId.1.107,7.48: rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ .., τέλος δέ several
times ..
and finally, Hdt.3.85. 5. of Time, sts.
that
time, sts.
this
(present) time, συνμαχία κ' ἔα ἑκατὸν fέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοί̈ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply fέτοσ) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, Ep. τοῖο, from
that
time, Il.1.493,15.601. b.πρὸ τοῦ, sts. written προτοῦ,
before this, aforetime,
Hdt.1.103,122,5.55, A.Ag.1204, Ar.Nu.5, etc.; ἐν τῳ̂ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳTh.1.32, cf. A.Eu.462; τὸ πρὸ τοῦD.S.20.59. c. in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶσ
yesterday,
τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed
yesterday
(lit. before
this
[day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.). 6.ἐν τοῖσ is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a
Aristid.Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖσ remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆεσ the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. ἡ στάσισ) ib.82: also with Advbs., ἐν τοῖς μάλισταId.8.90, Pl.Cri.52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.; ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώταταTh.7.71; τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα μελάγγειον οὖσανPlu.2.364c: in late Prose, also with Positives, ἐν τοῖς παράδοξονAristid.Or.48(24).47 codd.; with πάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυD.H.1.19, cf. 66 (ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15). B.ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE,
the,
to specify individuals: rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372: also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst., αἰὲν ἀποκτείνων τὸν ὀπίστατον
the hindmost man,
Il.11.178; τὸν ἄριστον 17.80; τὸν δύστηνον 22.59; τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325; τῳ̂ πρώτῳ .., τῳ̂ δευτέρῳ .., etc., ib.265sq.; also in τῶν ἄλλων 2.674, al.: with Advs., τὸ πρίν 24.543, al.; τὸ πάρος περ 17.720; τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583; also τὸ τρίτον ib.733; τὰ πρῶτα 1.6,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for
the
rest, 23.454; ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559.— The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.— Chief usages, esp. in Att. I. not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron., τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθηνAr.Ach.5; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην
my
head was broken, And.1.61, etc.; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make
our
friends, S.Ant.190; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding
their
cities, Th.1.12; οὐχ ὑπὲρ τὴν οὐσίαν ποιούμενοι τοὺς παῖδασPl.R.372b. b. omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεόσ 1.1, βασιλεύσ III; ἐμ πόλει in
the
Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th.(3.70) speaks first of Πειθίασ and then refers to him repeatedly as ὁ Π.; cf. Θράσυλοσ in Id.8.104, with ὁ Θ. ib.105; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύσ whoever
this
Zeus is, E.Fr.480; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφοσ: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat.
ille,
ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος,S.OT729, El.35, etc.: later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of ὁ with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I). c. Aristotle says Σωκράτησ meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but ὁ Σωκράτησ when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al. d. for Σαῦλος ὁ καὶ Παῦλος, etc., v. καίB.2. 2. in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type, οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν ..λεύσσειIl.3.109; πονηρὸν ὁ συκοφάντησD.18.242, etc. b. freq. with abstract Nouns, ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρωσTh.3.45, etc. 3. of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, v. γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.4. with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg.505b; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant.1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι
the
existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον
the fact
or
statement
that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86. 5. in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωποσ
the word
or
notion
man; τὸ λέγω
the word
λέγω; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν
the sentiment
'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp.265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ
the phrase
τῇ αὐτῇ,Pl.Men.72e: and so before whole clauses, ἡ δόξα ..περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about
'I will give back, if ..', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R.327c, etc.; τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούσD.23.148; τὸ ὀλίγοι
the term
few, Arist.Pol.1283b11. 6. before relat. clauses, when the Art. serves to combine the whole relat. clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι
the
harshness you speak of, Pl.Cra.435a; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν .., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινοσ (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινοσ) Id.Criti.115b; τῶν ὅσοι ἂν ..ἀγαθοὶ κριθῶσινId.R.469b; ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς μείξαντες καὶ τῶν ὅσα πυρὶ καὶ γῇ κεράννυταιId.Prt.320d, cf. Hyp.Lyc.2; ταύτην τε τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ὅθεν ἡ κίνησισArist.Metaph.987a8; τὸν ὃς ἔφηLys.23.8: hence the relat., by attraction, freq. follows the case of the Art., τοῖς οἵοις ἡμῖν τε καὶ ὑμῖν, i.e. τοῖς οὖσιν οἷοι ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς,X.HG2.3.25, etc. 7. before Prons., a. before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc., τὸν ἐμέPl.Tht.166a,Phlb.20b; τὸν ..σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib.59b; τὸν αὑτόνId.Phdr.258a; on ὁ αὐτός, v. αὐτόσ 111. b. before the interrog. Pron. (both τίσ and ποῖοσ), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr.251, Ar.Pax696; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib.693. Of τίσ only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖοσ is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph.707; but also in the other genders, ὁ ποῖοσ; ib. 1704; τῆς ποίας μερίδοσ; D.18.64; τοῖς ποίοις ..; Arist.Ph.227b1. c. with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst., ὁ τοιοῦτοσ
that sort of person,
X.Mem.4.2.21, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art., τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτηνD.41.13. 8. before ἅπας,Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον,Arist.Pol.1287b8, 1288a19: on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλοσ 11.6, πολύσ 11.3, etc. 9. the Art. with the Comp. is rare, if ἤ follows, S.Ant.313, OC796. II. elliptic expressions: 1. before the gen. of a pr.., to express descent,
son
or
daughter,
Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱόσ) Th.4.104; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διόσ (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel.470: also to denote other relationships, e.g.
brother,
Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M.
the wife
of S., Ar.Ec.46; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his
men,
X.An.1.2.15; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεοσ
the slave
of A., Hp.Hum.20. 2. generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν,
the matter of
the ships,
the affair of
the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote
ib.55; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμοσ performance of
the rites due to
the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν
that which is destined
by the gods, S.Tr.498(lyr.): hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν,
what regards
me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj.124, El.251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers., τὸ τῆσδεE.Hipp.48. But τό τινοσ is freq. also,
a man's word
or
saying,
as τὸ τοῦ ΣόλωνοσHdt.1.86; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου
as
Homer says, Pl.Tht.183e; also τά τινοσ so-and-so's
house,
Ar.V.1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49. 3. very freq. with cases governed by Preps ..αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆεσ
the
ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκησ
the
Thrace-ward
district,
Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματοσ
matters
on deck, Id.7.70; τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου
the proposals
of Alcibiades, Id.8.48; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχησ
the incidents
of fortune, Id.2.87, etc. 4. on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV. 5. in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχουσ (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly.203a; ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσισ), v. θάνατοσ; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμόσ 11.4; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol.1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν; ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦσTh.1.52; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc.; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., as κἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦροE.Ph.266, cf.[315] (lyr.); ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθενId.Or.1412(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1; τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖνS.Aj.731. C. as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects; both in nom. sg. masc. ὅ, as κλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθεσOd.2.262, cf. 1.300, al.; Ἔρως, ὃ κατ' ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθονE.Hipp.526(lyr.); Ἄδωνις, ὃ κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖταιTheoc.15.86; ὃ ἐξορύξη
he who
banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 (Cyprus); and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in Ion. Poets, ἐν τῷ κάθημαιArchil.87.3, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag., τῆσS.OC1258, Tr.381,728, E.Alc.883 (anap.); τῷS.Ph.14; τήνId.OC747, Tr.47, El.1144; τόId.OT1427; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant.1086.— Never in Com. or Att. Prose:— Ep. gen. sg. τεῦIl.18.192(s.v.l.). D. CRASIS OF ARTICLE: a. Att. ὁ, ἡ, τό, with ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιον; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθά; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντοσ; but ἅτερος, θάτερον (̄̆̆), Ion. οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (v. ἕτεροσ), Att. fem. ἡτέρα, dat. θητέρᾳ (v. ἕτεροσ); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (freq. written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Pap.); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί=αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ.b. other dialects: in their treatment of crasis these follow the local laws of contraction, hence, e.g., Dor. ὡξ from ὁ ἐξTheoc.1.65, ὥλαφοσ from ὁ ἔλαφοσ ib.135; Ion. ᾡσυμνήτησ from ὁ αἰσ-SIG57.45 (Milet., v B.C.); ὡυτή from ἡ αὐτήHeraclit.60, etc.