τε, enclitic Particle, with two main uses (v. infr. A, B). A. as a Conjunction, I.τε ..τε,
both ..and
, joining single words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, the first τε merely pointing forward to the second, ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τεIl.1.544; ἀγαθῶν τε κακῶν τεHes.Op.669; δίψῃ τε λιμῷ τεA.Pers.491, cf. S.Aj.34,35, Ar.Ach. 370,375; τήν τε νῆσον τήν τε ἤπειρονTh.4.8, cf. Antipho 2.3.3, Pl.R.373b; λυσόμενός τε θύγατρα, φέρων τ' ἀπερείσι' ἄποιναIl.1.13; παῖδά τε σοὶ ἀγέμεν Φοίβῳ θ' ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ib.443; the elements joined by τε ..τε are usu. short in Hom., longer in later Gr., e.g. ἐπειδὴ πρόξενοί τέ εἰσιν Ἀθηναίων καὶ εὐεργέται .., ἔν τε τῇ στήλῃ γέγραπταιIG12.103.7; ἥ τε γὰρ γῆ ..εὔυδρός ἐστι, ποταμοί τε δι' αὐτῆς ῥέουσιHdt.4.47; χρὴ ..τούς τε πρεσβυτέρους ὁμοιωθῆναι τοῖς πρὶν ἔργοις, τούς τε νεωτέρους ..μὴ αἰσχῦναι κτλ. Th.4.92, cf. Pl.R.474c, X.Cyr.1.4.25, Is.1.50; τά τε γὰρ ληφθέντα πάντ' ἂν σῴζοιτο οἵ τ' ἀδικήσαντες κατ' ἀξίαν λάβοιεν τὰ ἐπιτίμια Aen. Tact.16.8, cf. Gp.2.49.1, 12.3.2-3; τούτου γὰρ γενομένου ..τά τε ἐχφόρια Χρυσέρμῳ δυνήσομαι ἀποδοῦναι, ἐγώ τε ἔσομαι παρὰ σοῦ φιλανθρωπίας τετευχώσPEnteux.60.11(iii B.C.); κλείειν τε τὰ βλέφαρα δεομένων ἐλπιζόντων τε κοιμηθήσεσθαιGal.16.494, cf. 495,501; this use is common at all times in οὔτε ..οὔτε, μήτε ..μήτε, εἴτε ..εἴτε (qq.v.); τε may be used three or more times, ἔν τ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί, ἔπος τ' ἔφατ' ἔκ τ' ὀνόμαζενOd.15.530, cf. Il.1.177, 2.58, A.Pr.89sq., B.17.19sq., Lys. 19.17, X.Cyr.3.3.36:— ἑνδεκάτη τε δυωδεκάτη τε prob. means
the eleventh or twelfth
, Od.2.374, 4.588:— sts. τε ..τε couples alternatives, ἀπόρως εἶχε δοῦναί τε μὴ δοῦναί τεE.IA56, cf. Heracl.153, El.391; hence we find τε ..ἢ .., Pl.Tht.143c, Ion 535d; on ἢ (or ἦ) ..τε in Il.2.289 and A.Eu.524 (lyr.) v. ἦ 1.3. 2. the first clause may be negative, the second affirmative, as ἐκκλησίαν τε οὐκ ἐποίει .., τήν τε πόλιν ἐφύλασσεTh.2.22; but οὔτε ..τε is more freq., as οὔτε ποσίν εἰμι ταχύς .., γιγνώσκω τεX.Cyr.2.3.6 (v. οὔτε 11.4); we also find οὐ ..τε .., as οὐχ ἡσύχαζον .., παρεκάλουν τε τοὺς ξυμμάχουσTh.1.67; and μὴ ..τε .., as ἵνα μή τι διαφύγῃ ἡμᾶς, εἴ τέ τι βούλει κτλ. Pl.Phd.95e. 3.τε (
both
) sts. corresponds to a following δέ (
and
), or τε (
and
) to a preceding μέν, e.g. a.τε ..δὲ .., as κόμισαί τέ με, δὸς δέ μοι ἵππουσIl.5.359, cf. 7.418, S.OC367, Tr.285, E.Ph.1625; ἐσθὰς ἀμφότερόν νιν ἔχεν, ἅ τε ..ἐπιχώριος .., ἀμφὶ δὲ παρδαλέᾳ στέγετοPi.P.4.80; διήκουέ τε .., ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ ἐπῄνεσεX.Cyr.4.4.3; so with ἅμα δὲ καὶ .., ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ .., Th.1.25, Pl.Smp.186e:— so τε .., ἀτὰρ οὖν καὶ .., Id.Hp.Ma. 295e. b.μὲν ..τε .., ἄνδρα μὲν .., τρεῖς τε κασιγνήτουσIl.19.291-3, cf. Od.22.475-6, Pi.O.6.88, 7.88, A.Th.924, Ch.585 (lyr.), S.Ant.963 (lyr.), E.Heracl.337 codd., Cyc.41 (lyr.), Ar.Nu.563(lyr.), Pl.Phdr. 266c, Lg.927b: v. μένA. 11.6c. 4. a single τε (
and .., where τε points forward to καί, and usu. need not be translated, e.g. Ἀτρείδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος ἈχιλλεύσIl.1.7; εἰ δὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούσ ib.61; δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην ib. 293; ζωόν τε καὶ ἀρτεμέα 7.308, cf. 327,338, al.; τῆς τε γῆς ἐούσης ἐπιτηδέης καὶ τῶν ποταμῶν ἐόντων σφι συμμάχωνHdt.4.47; βούλεταί τε καὶ ἐπίσταταιTh.2.35; ὁ φύς τε καὶ τραφείσPl.R.396c; βάσιν τε γὰρ πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχουσι τὴν ΖΒ καὶ ..Euc.1.47; sts. the elements joined by τε ..καὶ ..are joined in order to be compared or contrasted rather than simply joined, κάκιστος νῦν τε καὶ πάλαι δοκεῖS.Ant. 181; μεσαμβρίη τέ ἐστι καὶ τὸ κάρτα γίνεται ψυχρόνHdt.4.181; ἔτυχόν τε ὕσταται ἐξαναχθεῖσαι καί κως κατεῖδονId.7.194; ἐπαύσατό τε ὁ ἄνεμος καὶ τὸ κῦμα ἔστρωτο ib.193; ταὐτὰ ..νῦν τε καὶ τότεAr.Av. 24; χωρὶς τό τ' εἰπεῖν πολλὰ καὶ τὰ καίριαS.OC808; ὅσον τό τ' ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δουλεύειν δίχαA.Pr.927; sts. (like τε ..τε) even used of alternatives, διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν, ἵππους τε στρέψαι καὶ ἐναντίβιον μαχέσασθαιIl.8.168; ἐν δίκᾳ τε καὶ παρὰ δίκανPi.O.2.16; θεοῦ τε ..θέλοντος καὶ μὴ θέλοντοσA.Th.427; πείσας τε ..καὶ μὴ τυχώνTh.3.42:— on οἵ τε ἄλλοι καὶ .., e.g. τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ ΛακεδαιμονίοισIsoc.12.249, and ἄλλως τε καὶ .., v. ἄλλοσ 11.6, ἄλλωσ 1.3. 2. in this sense τ' ἠδέ is only Ep., σκῆπτρόν τ' ἠδὲ θέμιστασIl.9.99, cf. 1.400, al.; also τε .., ἰδέ, χαλκόν τε ἰδὲ λόφον 6.469, cf. 8.162. 3.καὶ ..τε,
both ..and ..
, is occasionally found, as καὶ μητέρα πατέρα τ' E.Alc.646. b.καὶ ..τε perh. means
and ..also
in καὶ ναυτικῷ τε ἅμαTh.1.9; καὶ πρός τε τοὺς ῬηγίνουσId.6.44; καὶ αὐτός τεId.8.68; v. infr. c. 10. 4.τε ..τε or τε ..καὶ ..sts. join elements which are not syntactically parallel, esp. a part. and a finite verb, ἰοῖσίν τε τιτυσκόμενοι λάεσσί τ' ἔβαλλον (for βάλλοντεσ) Il.3.80; ἄλλα τε ἐπιφραζόμενος καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐπεπόμφεεHdt.1.85; ἀλλῳ τε τρόπῳ πειράζοντες καὶ μηχανὴν προσήγαγονTh.4.100; τῆς τε ὥρας ..ταύτης οὔσης .., καὶ τὸ χωρίον ..χαλεπὸν ἦνId.7.47, cf. 4.85, 8.81, 95. 5. the copulative τε becomes rare in later Gr.; it is found about 340 times in LXX, mostly in the Pentateuch and 1-4 Ma., only 3 times in Ps.; in the NT it is found about 150 times in Act.Ap., 20 times in Ep.Hebr., and very rarely in the other books. B. In Ep. (more rarely in other dactylic verse, v. infr. 11) τε stands in general or frequentative statements or in statements of what is well known; such statements are freq. made as justifications of a preceding particular statement or of a preceding exhortation to a particular person or persons; the sense of τε thus approaches that of τοι (cf. τοι and τε in Od.2.276-7, and cf. Il.13.115 with 15.203); although associated with numerous particles and other words of particular types (v. infr.) its meaning remains independent of these and applies to the whole sentence in which it stands: αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισινIl.19.221; οὐ γάρ τ' αἶψα θεῶν τρέπεται νόος αἰὲν ἐόντωνOd.3.147; θεοὶ δέ τε πάντα ἴσασιν 4.379, cf. 5.79,447, 10.306, 17.485, Il.9.497, 16.688, 17.176, 21.264; ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα 18.309, cf. Od.11.537, Il.24.526; ἤ τ' ἔβλητ' ἤ τ' ἔβαλ' ἄλλον 11.410; οὐ μὲν γάρ τε κακὸν βασιλευέμενOd.1.392; οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε ζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν ..ἄλλοτε δὲ ..Il.21.464; ἄλλος γάρ τ' ἄλλοισιν ἀνὴρ ἐπιτέρπεται ἔργοισOd.14.228, cf. 8.169,170, 15.400; τοῦ γάρ τε ξεῖνος μιμνήσκεται ἤματα πάντα, ἀνδρὸς ξεινοδόκου, ὅς κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ ib.54, cf. 17.322; ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνωIl.17.32; παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνωHes.Op.218; αἰεὶ γάρ τε νεώτεροι ἀφραδέουσινOd. 7.294; δύσζηλοι γάρ τ' εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ' ἀνθρώπων ib.307; τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντ' ἄνθρωποι, καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσεIl.13.733-4; τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη στέρνοισι πατάσσει .., πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετ' ὀδόντων ib.279-83; ὀλίγη δέ τ' ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο 18.201; νέῳ δέ τε πάντ' ἐπέοικεν ..κεῖσθαι 22.71; κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα κήδε' ὅσ' ἀνθρώποισι πέλει, τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ· ἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει, τέκνα δέ τ' ἄλλοι ἄγουσι, βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκασ 9.592-4, cf. 22.492,495,499; νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδέν· καὶ γάρ τίς τ' ἀλλοῖον ὀδύρεται ἄνδρ' ὀλέσασα ..ἢ Ὀδυσῆ'Od.19.265; σχέτλιε, καὶ μέν τίς τε χερείονι πείθεθ' ἑταίρῳ .., αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι 20.45, cf. 23.118, Il.2.292, 9.632; νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου· καὶ γάρ τ' ἠύ̈κομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου κτλ. 24.602 (where a general inference is implied); ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες Αἰγαίων' 1.403, cf. 2.814, 5.306, 10.258, 14.290; sts. of repeated action by particular persons, ἄλλοτε μέν τε γόῳ φρένα τέρπομαιOd.4.102; οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διὶ φίλον, ᾧ τε σύ, Κάλχαν, εὐχόμενος ..θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεισIl.1.86; ἡ δὲ ..μ' αἰεὶ ..νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν ib.521; μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεά, Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα, διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλοσδε 9.410. 2. in exhortations addressed to an individual, a subsidiary sentence or relative clause in which he is reminded of his special or characteristic sphere of activity is marked by τε, e.g. Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι καί τ' ἔκλυες ᾧ κ' ἐθέλῃσθα, βάσκ' ἴθι ..Il.24.334; Ἀτρεί̈δη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν πείσονται μύθοισι .., νῦν δ' ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον .. 23.156; δεῦρο δὴ ὄρσο, γρηὺ̈ .., ἥ τε γυναικῶν δμῳάων σκοπός ἐσσι .., ἔρχεοOd. 22.395, cf. Il.17.249. 3. similarly in general and frequentative statements consisting of two clauses (one of which may be a relative clause, freq. containing the subj. or opt.), in which the fulfilment of the condition stated in the subsidiary or subordinate clause is declared to be generally or always followed by the result stated in the principal clause, either or both clauses may contain τε: a. the principal clause alone contains τε, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται, μάλα τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦIl.1.218; ὃς δ' ἂν ἀμύμων αὐτὸς ἔῃ καὶ ἀμύμονα εἰδῇ, τοῦ μέν τε κλέος εὐρὺ διὰ ξεῖνοι φορέουσι πάντας ἐπ' ἀνθρώπους, πολλοί τέ μιν ἐσθλὸν ἔειπονOd.19.333; εἴ περ γὰρ θυμῷ γε μενοινάᾳ πολεμίζειν, ἀλλά τε λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται .., βλάβεται δέ τε γούνατ' ἰόντιIl.19.165-6; ᾧ μέν κ' ἀμμείξας δώῃ Ζεὺς τερπικέραυνος, ἄλλοτε μέν τε κακῷ ὅ γε κύρεται ἄλλοτε δ' ἐσθλῷ 24.530. b. the subordinate clause alone contains τε, λάζετο δ' ἔγχος ..τῷ δάμνησι στίχας ἀνδρῶν ἡρώων οἷσίν τε κοτέσσεται ὀβριμοπάτρη 5.747; ῥεῖα δ' ἀρίγνωτος γόνος ἀνέρος ᾧ τε Κρονίων ὄλβον ἐπικλώσηOd.4.207; ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃIl.9.117, cf. 7.298, Od.6.287, 7.74, 8.547, 18.276; with opt., ἀλλὰ πολὺ πρώτιστος ..ἕλεσκον ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων ὅ τέ μοι εἴξειε πόδεσσι 14.221: it is prob. that τε has been replaced by κε in the text of Hom. in Il.1.218, 9.510 (cf. 508), and some other passages in which κε seems to be used, exceptionally, in general relative clauses. c. both clauses contain τε, ὃς μέν τ' αἰδέσεται κούρας Διὸς ἆσσον ἰούσας, τὸν δὲ μέγ' ὤνησαν καί τ' ἔκλυον εὐχομένοιοIl.9.508-9; εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ, ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπισθεν ἔχει κότον 1.82-3. 4. in the subordinate clause of a collective sentence, in which the principal clause states something to be true of all those (i.e. each individual) to whom the predicate of the subordinate clause applies, ὑπόσχωμαι ..κτήματα ..πάντα μάλ' ὅσσα τ' Ἀλέξανδρος ..ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδ' ..δωσέμενIl.22.115; πάντων ὅσσα τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει 17.447, cf. Od.18.131, Il.19.105; βάλλειν ἄγρια πάντα τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη 5.52, cf. 18.485. 5. in relative clauses (and in parenthetic principal clauses) which indicate what is customary, ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἱερήϊον οὐδὲ βοείην ἀρνύσθην, ἅ τε ποσσὶν ἀέθλια γίγνεται ἀνδρῶν which are the
usual
prizes .., Il.22.160; ἔργ' ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, τά τε κλείουσιν ἀοιδοίOd.1.338, cf. 3.435, 4.85, 13.410, 14.226, 17.423, Il.5.332; κύματος ἐξαναδύς, τά τ' ἐρεύγεται ἤπειρόνδεOd.5.438; μολπή τ' ὀρχηστύς τε, τὰ γάρ τ' ἀναθήματα δαιτόσ 1.152: similarly in clauses with οἷά τε πολλά, κῆτος ἐπισσεύῃ μέγα δαίμων ἐξ ἁλός, οἷά τε πολλὰ τρέφει ..Ἀμφιτρίτη 5.422; οὐ γάρ σ' οὐδέ ..δαήμονι φωτὶ ἐί̈σκω ἄθλων, οἷά τε πολλὰ μετ' ἀνθρώποισι πέλονται 8.160, cf. 11.364, 14.63, 15.324,379. 6. in relative clauses indicating what is true of all persons or things denoted by the same word, οὐ γάρ τις νήσων ἱππήλατος οὐδ' εὐλείμων αἵ θ' ἁλὶ κεκλίαται no one of the islands which lie in the sea (as all islands do, i.e. no island at all), Od.4.608; ἡμίονον ..ἥ τ' ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαιIl.23.655; ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν γαμβρὸς ἢ πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα κήδιστοι τελέθουσιOd.8.582; αἰετοῦ οἴματ' ἔχων ..ὅς θ' ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶνIl.21.252, cf. 24.294; οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθ' ὕλην ἄλγεα πάσχουσινOd.9.120; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαταιIl.1.238, cf. Od.5.67, 101, Il.1.279, 19.31, 24.415; οἶνός σε τρώει .., ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους βλάπτειOd.21.293, cf. 14.464; πάρφασις, ἥ τ' ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντωνIl.14.217; οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκναOd.14.223. 7. when the antecedent is a definite group of gods or men, the relative clause with τε indicates an essential characteristic of the antecedent, Ἐρινύες, αἵ θ' ὑπὸ γαῖαν ἀνθρώπους τείνυνταιIl.19.259; Σειρῆνας .., αἵ ῥά τε πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλγουσινOd.12.39; Φαίηκές μ' ἄγαγον ναυσίκλυτοι, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν 16.227, cf. 20.187; νυμφάων αἵ τ' ἄλσεα καλὰ νέμονται καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶνIl.20.8; Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τ' ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσιOd.9.84: similarly when the antecedent is an individual person (incl. god) or thing, the relative clause with τε indicates one of his or its general or essential characteristics or aspects, οὐ μὰ Ζῆν' ὅς τίς τε θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστοσIl.23.43, cf. 2.669, Od.5.4; Ἑρμείαο ἕκητι διακτόρου, ὅς ῥά τε πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει 15.319; Λάμπον καὶ Φαέθονθ', οἵ τ' Ἠῶ πῶλοι ἄγουσι 23.246; Τειρεσίαο μάντιος ἀλαοῦ, τοῦ τε φρένες ἔμπεδοί εἰσι 10.493; τεύχεα δύνεις ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος, τόν τε τρομέουσι καὶ ἄλλοιIl.17.203, cf. 7.112; κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὅν τ' (v.l. ὃν) ἶσον ἐτίομεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ, Αἰνείασ 5.467; the relative clause sts. indicates what is customary, οὐδέ σε λήθω τιμῆς ἧς τέ μ' ἔοικε τετιμῆσθαι μετ' Ἀχαιοῖσ 23.649; ἔνθα δ' ἀνὴρ ἐνίαυε πελώριος, ὅς ῥά τε μῆλα οἶος ποιμαίνεσκεOd.9.187; τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι ..ὡς ἑνός, ὅς τέ μοι ὕπνον ἀπεχθαίρει καὶ ἐδωδὴν μνωομένῳ 4.105; σῆς ἀλόχου ..ἥ τέ τοι αὔτως ἧσται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν 13.336; καὶ κήρυκα Μέδοντα σαώσομεν, ὅς τέ μευ αἰεὶ ..κηδέσκετο 22.357, cf. 346. 8.τε is used in descriptions of particular places or things when attention is called to their peculiar or characteristic features, or their position, e.g. Λιβύην, ἵνα τ' ἄρνες ἄφαρ κεραοὶ τελέθουσιOd.4.85; ἔνθα δέ τ' ὄρνιθες τανυσίπτεροι εὐνάζοντο 5.65, cf. 9.124, 13.99,100,107,109,244; ἓξ δέ τέ οἱ (sc. Σκύλλῃ) δειραὶ περιμήκεεσ 12.90, cf. 93,99,105; ἐν δέ τε Γοργείη κεφαλή (in Athena's αἰγίσ) Il.5.741; χαλεπὸν δέ τ' ὀρύσσειν ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι (sc. μῶλυ) Od. 10.305; δοιαὶ γάρ τε πύλαι ἀμενηνῶν εἰσὶν ὀνείρων 19.562; sts. τε draws attention to a well-known custom or permanent feature, ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου, ὅθεν τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει 21.142; ἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔνθα τε νῆες εἰρύατ' εὔπρυμνοιIl.4.247, cf. Od. 6.266; ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τ' ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσινIl.18.521, cf. Od.14.353. 9. a part of the anatomy is defined by a clause (containing τε) which indicates a feature which universally belongs to it, κατ' ἰσχίον, ἔνθα τε μηρὸς ἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεταιIl.5.305, cf. 8.83, 13.547, 16.481, 20.478; similarly a point of time is defined, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τ' ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονταιOd.18.367. 10.τε is used in relative clauses which define a measurement of a particular thing or action by reference to the measurement (in general) of some thing or action well known in daily life, γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον μακρὴν ἠδ' εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τ' ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ γίγνεταιIl.15.358; τοῦ δ' ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τ' ἐπικίδναται ἠώσ 7.451; ὅτε τόσσον ἀπῆν ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσασOd.9.473, cf. 3.321, al.; more rarely the definition is by reference to the measurement of a particular thing or action, ἤσθιε ..ἕως ὅ τ' ἀοιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄειδεν (s.v.l.) 17.358; ἥ τις δὴ τέτληκε τόσα φρεσίν, ὅσσα τ' ἐγώ περ 19.347. 11. the freq. use of τε B in similes is to be explained under one or other of the foregoing heads, e.g. when reference is made to generally known kinds of things or natural phenomena, to human experience in daily life, or to well-known phenomena of the animal world, Il.2.456,459,463,468,470,471,474,481, 3.23-5,33, 11.415-7, al.; or when universal characteristics of gods, men, animals, etc., are indicated by relative clauses introduced by ὅς τε, ὅς ῥά τε, etc., 3.61, 151, 198, al.; or by ὥς τε, ἠύ̈τε, ὥς τίς τε, etc., e.g. 5.136, 17.133, Od.4.535, ὡς εἴ τε 9.314, 14.254, etc. II. in post-Hom. Gr. this use of τε is more restricted; outside of Ep. and other early dactylic verse (Hes.Op.30,214,233, al., Xenoph.13.3, Thgn.148,359, etc.) it is not found except with relatives, and with these it has scarcely any discernible sense, so that ὅς τε in Lyr. and Trag. is for the most part only = ὅσ, e.g. (possibly generalizing) Μοῖρ', ἅ τε πατρώϊον τῶνδ' ἔχει τὸν εὔφρονα πότμονPi.O.2.35, cf. 14.2, A.Eu.1024, E.Hec.445 (lyr.), etc. (v. ὅστε); without generalizing force, Pi.N.9.9, A.Pers.297, Ch.615, etc.; Hdt. has τά πέρ τε 1.74, ὅκως τε 2.108 codd., ὅσον τε (without a verb, as in Od.9.325, al.) 1.126, 2.96, 3.5, al., οἷά τε 1.93 codd. (adverbially 2.175, 5.11): in Att. Prose and Com. even these uses disappear and we find only a few phrases, as ἅτε, ὥστε, ἐφ' ᾧτε, οἷός τε; in later Gr. we find exceptionally ἔνθεν τεHp.Ep.17; ἀφ' οὗ τεUPZ62.8(ii B.C.); ἀπ' οὗ τεPCair.Zen.291.3(iii B.C.); οἵ τεGDI215.23 (Erythrae, ii B.C.); ἥ τ' PMag.Par.1.2962; ὅσον τε ὀκτὼ στάδιαPaus.6.26.1; καὶ ἔστιν ἔπη Μαντικὰ ὁπόσα τε (=
which
) ἐπελεξάμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖσId.9.31.5; οἷόν τε καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς "κύων" φωνῆς θεωροῦμενS.E.M.11.28. C. in Hom.τε is also (but less freq.) used in conjunction with other particles in contexts (mainly particular statements) such as the following: 1. in assurances, statements on oath, and threats, σχέτλιος, ἦ τ' ἐκέλευον ἀπωσάμενον δήϊον πῦρ ἂψ ἐπὶ νῆας ἴμενIl.18.13; ἐξ αὖ νῦν ἔφυγες θάνατον, κύον· ἦ τέ τοι ἄγχι ἦλθε κακόν 11.362; ἦ τε is similarly used in 11.391, 17.171,236, Od.24.28,311, al.; ἦ τ' ἄν in Il.12.69, al.; γάρ τε (s. v.l.) in οὐ γάρ τ' οἶδα 6.367, cf. Od.10.190; νύ τε in 1.60,347 (but τ' more prob. = τοι, v. σύ); δέ τε in ἀγορῇ δέ τ' ἀμείνονές εἰσι καὶ ἄλλοιIl.18.106; σὲ δέ τ' ἐνθάδε γῦπες ἔδονται 16.836; μέν τε in σφὼ μέν τε σαώσετε λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν 13.47, cf. 4.341; εἴ πέρ τε in οὔ τοι ἔτι δηρόν γε φίλης ἀπὸ πατρίδος αἴης ἔσσεται, οὐδ' εἴ πέρ τε σιδήρεα δέσματ' ἔχῃσινOd.1.204, cf. 188, Il.12.223,245. 2. also in commands, warnings, and admonitions, σίγα, μή τίς τ' ἄλλος Ἀχαιῶν τοῦτον ἀκούσῃ μῦθονIl.14.90, cf. Od.19.486; ὣς ἄγαγ' ὡς μήτ' ἄρ τις ἴδῃ μήτ' ἄρ τε νοήσῃIl.24.337; τούσδε τ' (v.l. δ') ἐᾶν 16.96 (nisi leg. τούσδ' ἔτ'); δὸς δέ τέ μ' ἄνδρα ἑλεῖν 5.118; μηδέ τ' ἐρώει (nisi leg. μηδ' ἔτ') 2.179, 22.185. 3. also in passionate utterances, in clauses which indicate the cause of the speaker's passion or a circumstance which might have caused others to behave more considerately towards him, ὤ μοι ἐγὼ δειλή ..ἥ τ' ..τὸν μὲν ..θρέψασα ..ἐπιπροέηκαIl.18.55; σχέτλιοί ἐστε, θεοί, ζηλήμονες ἔξοχον ἄλλων, οἵ τε θεαῖς ἀγάασθε ..ἤν τίς τε ..Od.5.119,120, cf. 21.87, Il.15.468, 17.174; ἡμεῖς δ' αὖ μαχόμεσθ', οἵ πέρ τ' ἐπίκουροι ἔνειμεν and we, who (
mark you
) are only allies (not γαμβροί and κασίγνητοι), are fighting, 5.477; τρεῖς γάρ τ' ἐκ Κρόνου εἰμὲν ἀδελφεοί for we,
let me tell you
, are three brothers, sons of Cronos (and Zeus has no prior title to power), 15.187; ποῖόν δε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων δεινόν τ' ἀργαλέον τε· νεμεσσῶμαι δέ τ' ἀκούωνOd.21.169; οὐ μήν οἱ τό γε κάλλιον οὐδέ τ' ἄμεινονIl.24.52. 4. in descriptions of particular events and things where there is no general reference, κνίση μὲν ἀνήνοθεν, ἐν δέ τε φόρμιγξ ἠπύειOd.17.270; ὥσ (=
) freq. introduces a temporal clause defining a point of time in the past by means of a well-known event which occurred then, ἦ οὐ μέμνῃ ὅτε τ' ἐκρέμω ὑψόθεν; Il.15.18; ὅτε τε Κρόνον ..Ζεὺς γαίης νέρθε καθεῖσε 14.203; ἤματι τῷ ὅτε τ' ἦλθον Ἀμαζόνεσ 3.189 (but ἤματι τῷ ὅτε τε is general in 13.335; so also ὅτε πέρ τε ..κέρωνται in 4.259); ὅτε τ' ἤλυθε νόσφιν Ἀχαιῶν ἄγγελος ἐς Θήβασ 5.803, cf. 10.286, 22.102, Od.7.323, 18.257. 6. in ὅ τε (
that
or
because
) the τε has no observable meaning, χωόμενος ὅ τ' ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτισασIl.1.244, cf. 412, 4.32, 6.126, Od.5.357, al. 7.ἐπεί τε = ἐπεί (
when
) is rare in Hom., ἐπεί τ' ἐνόησεIl.12.393, cf. ἐπείτε. 8. where τ' ἄρ occurs in questions, e.g. πῇ τ' ἂρ μέμονας καταδῦναι ὅμιλον; Il.13.307, cf. 1.8, 18.188, al., ταρ (q.v.) should prob. be read, since ἄρ(α) usu. precedes a τε which is not copulative; so perh. ταρα should be read for τ' ἄρα in Od.1.346. 9. in ἣ θέμις ἐστὶν ..ἤ τ' ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶνIl.9.276, it is not clear whether τε is copulative (τε A) or generalizing (τε B) or neither (τε C); ἤ is prob. = ἦ (accented as in ἤτοι(; ἤ τ' ἀλκῆς ἤ τε φόβοιο is dub. l. in 17.42; ἤ τ' =
or
is found in 19.148, =
than
in Od.16.216. 10. Rarer and later uses; a.
also
, esp. with ἄλλος, Ἑρμεία, σὺ γὰρ αὖτε τά τ' ἄλλα περ ἄγγελός ἐσσιOd.5.29, cf. 17.273, Il.23.483; ἐπεὶ τά τε ἄλλα πράττουσιν καλῶς, ἀναθεῖναι αὐτοὺς καὶ στήληνIG22.1298.9, cf. Lycurg.100 (s.v.l.); ἐκομισάμην τὸ παρὰ σοῦ ἐπιστόλιον, ἐν ᾧ ὑπέγραψάς μοι τήν τε παρὰ Ζήνωνος πρὸς Ἰεδδοῦν γεγραμμένηνPCair.Zen.18.1(iii B.C.); εἰ οὖν περὶ τούτων ἐπιστροφὴν μὴ ποιήσει, οἵ τε λοιποί μοι τὰς χεῖρας προσοίσουσιν (-σωσιν Pap.) PPetr.2p.10 (iii B.C.); τῶν δὲ παρὰ ταῦτα ποιησόντων τά τε κτήνη ὑπὸ στέρεσιν ἀχθήσεσθαι πρὸς τὰ ἐκφόριαPTeb.27.74(ii B.C.); v. supr. A. 11.3b. b. with ὅδε, adding a slight emphasis to the preceding word, εἰ δὴ τήνδε τε γαῖαν ἀνείρεαιOd.13.238, cf. 15.484. c.τε γάρ rarely = καὶ γάρ or γάρ, Arist.APo.75b41, de An. 405a4, PA661b28, Pol.1318b33, 1333a2; ἐάν τε γάρ for
even
if, 2 Ep.Cor.10.8; τήν τε γὰρ ἐπιθυμίαν οὐκ ᾔδειν for I had not known
even
lust. Ep.Rom.7.7. D. Position of τε: 1. in signf. A, as an enclitic, it stands second word in the sentence, clause, or phrase, regardless of the meaning: ἐγγύθι τε Πριάμοιο καὶ Ἕκτοροσ near
both
Priam and Hector, Il.6.317; ἡμέτεραί τ' ἄλοχοι καὶ νήπια τέκνα 2.136, cf. 4.505, 7.295; αἰεί τε δὴ νηλὴς οὺ καὶ θράσους πλέωσA.Pr.42 codd., cf. 291 (anap.); ἄνευ τε δόλου καὶ ἀπάτησHdt.1.69; ὑπέρ τε σοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆσPEnteux.6.6(iii B.C.); τοῖς τε πόνοις καὶ μαθήμασιPl.R. 537a, cf. Ti.70b; hence in E.Or.897 πόλεοσ must be taken with what precedes (Porson ad loc.): but article + noun, preposition + noun are freq. regarded as forming a unity indivisible by τε, τοῖς κτανοῦσί τεA.Ch.41 (lyr.); πρὸς βίαν τεId.Pr.210; also the order is freq. determined by the meaning, τε being placed immediately after the word (or first word of a phrase or clause) which it joins to what precedes or to what follows, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τεIl.1.544; ἔξω δόμων τε καὶ πάτρασA.Pr.665; the copulative or preparatory τε precedes many other particles, e.g. τε γάρ, τ' ἄρα, τέ τισ. 2.τε is enclitic in signfs. B, C also, and stands early in its sentence, clause, or phrase (v. supr.), but many particles which follow τε in signf. A precede it in signfs. B, C, e.g. in signfs. B, C we have δέ τε, μέν τε, γάρ τε, ἀλλά τε, δ' ἄρα τε, ὅς ῥά τε, οὔτ' ἄρ τε, καὶ γάρ τίς τε, ὅς τίς τε, καί τε. E. Etymology: signf. A is found also in Skt.