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Morphology Dictionary Bonitz: Index Aristotelicus Liddell-Scott-Jones: A Greek-English lexicon πρόσθεν πρόσθεν , and in Poets πρόσθε , also in Ion. Prose (Hdt. 1.11, al., cf. ἐπίπροσθε ); Dor. and Aeol. πρόσθα A.D. Adv. 153.20, E.M.424.12 (in elision πρόσθ' , Alcm. 73, Sapph. Supp. 1.5); Dor. also πρόθεν (cf. ὄπιθεν ), Greg.Cor.p.222S.: Adv.
A. as Prep. with gen.:
I. of Place or Space, before , στῆ πρόσθ' αὐτοῖο Il. 5.170 ; πεζὸς πρόσθ' ἵππων 13.385 , cf. 392, etc.; κατὰ τεύχε' ἔθηκε πρόσθεν Ἀχιλλῆοσ 19.13 ; π. ποδῶν Od. 22.4 , cf. Il. 23.877; ἐκ δὲ τὼ ἀί̈ξαντε πυλάων π. μαχέσθην before , i.e. outside , 12.145, cf. 9.473; νῆσος ..π. Σαλαμῖνος τόπων A. Pers. 447 ; π. Μυρμιδόνων πολεμιζέμεν in front of them, at their head , Il. 16.220; ἐν τῷ π. τοῦ στρατεύματοσ in front of .. , X. Cyr. 5.3.52; εἰς τὸ π. τῶν ὅπλων ἐκαθέζοντο Id. An. 3.1.33 ; εἰς τὸ π. τινῶν θεῖναί τι ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν Pl. R. 618a : with collat. notion of defence, [σάκος] πρόσθε στέρνοιο φέρων Il. 7.224 ; στὰς πρόσθεν νέκυοσ 16.321 ; τάων οὔτοι π. ἵσταμαι I defend them not, 4.54: hence, for, on behalf of , π. φίλων τοκέων ἀλόχων τε καὶ υἱῶν 21.587 , cf. 16.833; ὅς τε ἑῆς π. πόλιος λαῶν τε πέσῃσιν Od. 8.524 .
2. with Verbs of motion, π. ἕθεν φεύγοντα Il. 5.56 , 80, 20.402; π. δὲ κί' αὐτοῦ 15.307 .
3. metaph., οὐδὲν ἐς π. κακῶν E. Hec. 961 : of preference, ἄγειν τινὰ π. τινόσ Id. Ba. 225 ; π. τιθέναι τί τινοσ Id. Hec. 129 (anap.), cf. IG 22.1299.58; αἰσχρὰ π. τοῦ καλοῦ ζητεῖν E. Fr. 659.7 .
II. of Time, before , πρόσθ' ἄλλων Il. 2.359 , cf.S. Ph. 778; τοῖιν δ' ἔγνω π. first of the twain, Il. 13.66, cf. Hes. Th. 746; ἐμοῦ π. A. Pers. 529 ; τοῦ χρόνου π. θανοῦμαι S. Ant. 462 ; π. ἑσπέρασ X. Cyr. 7.5.43 .— The gen. sts. stands before πρόσθεν , Il. 4.54, etc., cf. supr. When it seems to be folld. by a dat., this dat. must be connected with the Verb, and πρόσθεν taken as Adv. , v. infr. B. 1.1.
B. as Adv. :
I. of Place or Space, before, in front , π. λέων ὄπιθεν δὲ δράκων Il. 6.181 , Hes. Th. 323; π. δέ οἱ δόρυ τ' ἔσχε καὶ ἀσπίδα Il. 5.300 , cf. 315; π. δέ οἱ ποίησε γαλήνην Od. 5.452 ; πρόσθ' ὁρόων θάνατον Il. 20.481 ; ὁ π. the front rank man, X. Cyr. 2.2.8; τὰ π. ib.6.3.2; τὰ π. (sc. σκέλη ) the fore legs (of a horse), Id. Eq. 1.12; ἡ χώρα ἡ π. Plb. 3.80.3 ; προῆγε εἰς τὸ π. on, forward , Id. 4.66.5; ἀεὶ τοῦ π. ὀρεγόμενοι Id. 3.84.12 : with collat. notion of defence, π. σάκεα σχέθον Il. 4.113 ; ἥ τοι π. στᾶσα βέλος ἄμυνεν ib.129.
2. with Verbs of motion, before, in front , π. ἔφευγε 22.158 ; ἥ οἱ π. ἰοῦσα 20.95 ; π. ἡγεμονεύειν Od. 22.400 , 24.155; ἵππους π. βαλεῖν , v. βάλλω A. 11.5; ἐς τὸ πρόσθε παριέναι forward , Hdt. 8.89; πάριτ' εἰς τὸ π. Ar. Ach. 43 ; εἰς τὸ π. προί̈ωμεν Pl. R. 437a , etc.; μηδεμίαν αἰσχύνην π. ποιεῖσθαι allow to stand in the way , Id. Lg. 732b.
3. metaph., εἰς τὸ π. ἔτι ζητήσαντεσ Id. Sph. 258c ; τοὺς ὄπισθεν εἰς τὸ π. ἄξομεν S. Aj. 1249 .
II. of Time, before, formerly, erst , οὗ καὶ π. ἀρίστη φαίνετο βουλή Il. 7.325 , etc.; οὔποτε π. S. Aj. 318 ; οὔπω π. X. An. 5.4.18 ; ἔτι π. Pl. Sph. 242d ; σμικρῷ π. Id. Lg. 969b ; οἱ π. ἄνδρεσ the men of old , Il. 9.524; τοῦ π. Κάδμου τοῦ πάλαι τ' Ἀγήνοροσ S. OT 268 ; ὁ π. γεννηθείσ Id. OC 375 ; ἡ π. the elder , E. Ph. 58; of things, οἱ π. πόνοι the former, earlier labours, A. Supp. 52 (lyr.); ἁ π. ἱππεία S. El. 504 (lyr.); ὁ π. λόγοσ Id. OT 851 ; ἡ π. ἡμέρα X. An. 2.3.1 , etc.; τὰ π. what was said above , Pl. Phdr. 238b; also τὸ π. , as Adv. , formerly , Il. 23.583, Od. 4.688; ταὐτὰ τῷ π. the same as before , Pl. Phdr. 241b; τὰ π. A. Ag. 19 .
C. folld. by a Particle, πρόσθεν, πρὶν .. before .. , mostly with a neg., οὐ πρόσθεν .., πρίν γε ..με ἴδηται Od. 17.7 , cf. X. An. 1.1.10, Cyr. 1.2.8, etc.; οὐ π. πρὶν ἤ .. ib.1.4.23: without a neg., π. πρὶν τυχεῖν Pi. P. 2.91 : also π. ἢ .. S. OT 736 , El. 82, 1333; ποτιτάσσει ..μὴ π. ἐξελθεῖν ἢ τὰν ματέρα κατακάνῃ Anon.Mythogr. in PSI 9.1091.3.
2. sooner, rather , π. ἂν ἀποθάνοιεν ἢ τὰ ὅπλα παραδοίησαν would die sooner than .. , X. An. 2.1.10.William J. Slater: Lexicon to Pindar
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