πολύς, πολλή, πολύ, peculiar forms, πολλός, πολλόν, πουλύσ (also fem.), πουλύ, gen. πολέοσ (Od. 20.25), acc. πουλύν, pl. nom. πολέες, πολεῖσ, gen. πολέων (Il. 16.655), πολλᾶ́ων, πολλέων, dat. πολέσι, πολέεσσι, acc. πολέασ, for comp. and sup. see πλείων, πλεῖστοσ: much, many, with numerous applications that call for more specific words in Eng., as long, of time, wide, broad, of space, loud, heavy, of a noise or of rain, etc. πολλοί (Att. οἱ πολλοί), the many, the most, the greater part, Il. 2.483, and w. part. gen., πολλοὶ Τρώων, etc. Freq. as subst., πολλοί, πολλά, many men, many things, but predicative in Od. 2.58, Od. 17.537; often with other adjectives, πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί, πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλά, many fine things, Od. 2.312. —Neut. as adv., πολύ, πολλόν, πολλά, much, far, by far, very;πολλὰ ἠρᾶτο, prayed earnestly, fervently, Il. 1.35; w. comp. and sup., πολὺ μᾶλλον, πολλὸν ἀμείνων, ἄριστοσ, so πολὺ πρίν, πολλὸν ἐπελθών, Il. 20.180.
πολύσ, Att. πολλή, πολύ; gen. πολλοῦ, ῆς, οῦ; dat. πολλῷ, ῇ, ῷ; acc. πολύν, πολλήν, πολύ:— Ion. πολλόσAnacr.43.3, πολλή, πολλόνXenoph.9, Democr.219, Hp.VM1, Herod.3.19; also in Trag., S.Ant.86, Tr.1196; acc. πολλόν, πολλήν, πολλόν: Hdt. uses the Ion. forms, but codd. have πολύν 2.121.δ́, 3.57, v.l. in 6.125, πολύ 2.106,3.38,6.72,7.46,160 (πολύ also in Heraclit.114, Democr. 244):— both sets of forms are found in Ep., also gen. sg. πολέοσIl.4.244, etc.: nom. pl. πολέεσ 2.417, al., once contr. πολεῖσ 11.708; gen. πολέων (trisyll.) 5.691, (disyll.) 16.655; dat. πολέσι 10.262,al.; πολέσσι 13.452, al.; πολέεσσι 9.73, Od.5.54, Hes.Op.119, etc.; acc. πολέασ (trisyll.) Il.3.126, etc., (disyll.) 1.559,2.4, Hes.Op.580 (freq. with v.l. πολεῖσIl.15.66, etc.); in later Ep. πολέεσ is used as fem., Call.Del.28, also πολέασId.Dian.42, A.R.3.21; neut. πολέαQ.S.1.74 (v. infr.):— Ep. also have πουλύσ (once in Hes., Th.190, also Thgn. 509, sts. fem. in Hom., πουλὺν ἐφ' ὑγρήνIl.10.27, ἠέρα πουλύν 5.776), neut. πουλύOd.19.387; these forms are found in codd. of Hp. and Aret. (who uses πολύ, πουλύ and πολλόν in neut.), but not in Hdt.:— Lyr. and Trag. (lyr.) sts. use Ep. forms, dat. sg. πολεῖA.Supp.745; nom. pl. πολέεσB.10.17; neut. πολέαA.Ag.723; πολέωνE.Hel.1332 (fem., B.5.100); dat. pl. πολέσιE.IT1263. [ῠalways.] I. of Number,
S.Aj.303, 1149; μωρία ib. 745; ὄλβος, αἰδώς,A.Pers.251, Ag.948; ἀσφάλειαTh.2.11; ἀλογία, εὐήθεια,Pl.Phd.67e, Phdr.275c, etc. b. rarely of a single person,
great, mighty,
μέγας καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεοHdt.7.14, cf. E.Hipp.1; ὁ π. σοφιστής, στρατηγός, Chor.p.23 B., Id.in Rev.Phil.1.68; ὁ πάντα π.Id.p.27B.; ὁ πολύσ alone, of Hippocrates, Gal.19.530; of Trajan, Lyd.Mag.2.28; ῥώμην σώματος πολύσD.H.2.42. c. joined with a Verb, Κύπρις γὰρ οὐ φορητός, ἢν πολλὴ ῥυῇ if she flow
with full stream,
metaph. from a river, E.Hipp.443; θρασυνομένῳ καὶ πολλῷ ῥέοντιD. 18.136; from the wind, ὡς π. ἔπνει καὶ λαμπρόσ was blowing
strong
and fresh, Id.25.57, cf. Ar.Eq.760, AP11.49 (Even.): generally,
with might
or
force,
ὅταν ὁ θεὸς ..ἔλθῃ πολύσE.Ba.300; ἢν π. παρῇId.Or.1200; π. καὶ τολμηρὸς ἅνθρωποσD.40.53: with part. and εἰμί, πολλὸς ἦν λισσόμενοσ was
all
entreaties, Hdt.9.91; ἦν πολλὸς ὑπὸ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς αἰνεόμενοσId.1.98; Ἐτεοκλέης ἂν εἷς π... ὑμνοῖθ'A.Th.6; π. ἐνέκειτο λέγωνHdt.7.158; π. τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν ἔγκειταιD.18.199; also π. ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λόγοισιHdt.8.59; πρὸς ταῖς παρασκευαῖσPlb.5.49.7; ἐπὶ τῇ τιμωρίᾳD.S.14.107: without a Prep., π. ἦν τοῖς ἐπαίνοις καὶ ἐπαχθήσAeschin.2.41; π. μὲν γὰρ ὁ Φίλιππος ἔσται will be
often mentioned,
Id.1.166. 3. of Value or Worth, πολέος δέ οἱ ἄξιος ἔσταιIl.23.562, cf. Od.8.405; πολλοῦ ἄξιοσX.An.4.1.28, etc.; πολλῶν ἄξιοσAr.Pax918; περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τι, Lat.
magni facere,
cf. περίA. IV; ἐπὶ πολλῷ at a
high price,
D.8.53; ἐπὶ π. ἐρραθυμηκότεσId.1.15; πολύ ἐστί τι it is
way, A.Pers.748 (troch.): without ὁδός, πολλὴ μὲν εἰς Ἡράκλειαν .., πολλὴ δὲ εἰς Χρυσόπολιν ..X.An.6.3.16: διὰ πολλοῦ, ἐκ πολλοῦ, v. infr. IV. 5. of Time,
before, D.S.14.43; οὐ μετὰ πολύLuc.Tox.54; ἔτι πολλῆς νυκτόσ while still
quite
night, Th.8.101; πολλῆς ὥρασ
late
in the day, Plb.5.8.3; ἤδη ὥρα πολλήEv.Marc.6.35; ἔτι ἔστιν ἡμέρα πολλήLXXGe.29.7. II. Special usages: 1. c. partit.gen., e.g. πολλοὶ Τρώων, for πολλοὶ Τρῶες,Il.18.271, etc.; neut., πολλὸν σαρκός, for πολλὴ σάρξ,Od.19.450: in Prose, the Adj. generally takes the gender of the gen., τὸν πολλὸν τοῦ χρόνουHdt.1.24; τῆς γῆς οὐ πολλήνTh.6.7; τῆς ἀθάρης πολλήνAr.Pl.694; πολλὴν τῆς χώρασX.Cyr. 3.2.2; ὁ π. τοῦ λόγουD.44.6; v. infr. 3. 2. joined with another Adj., πολλὰ δυστερπῆ κακάA.Ch.277, cf. 585 (lyr.), etc.: more freq. joined to another Adj. by καί, πολέες τε καὶ ἐσθλοί
many
men and good, Il.6.452, etc.; πολέες τε καὶ ἄλκιμοι 21.586; πολλὰ καὶ ἐσθλάOd.2.312; παλαιά τε πολλά τε ib.188; ἄκοσμά τε π. τεIl.2.213; πολλαί γε ..καὶ ἄλλαιHes.Th.363; π. τε καὶ κακάHdt.4.167, etc.; π. κἀγαθάAr.Th.351 (but π. ἀγαθάIG12.76.45); π. καὶ ἀνόσιαPl.R.416e; π. καὶ μακάριαId.Plt.269d; π. καὶ πονηράX.Mem.2.9.6; πολλά τε καὶ δεινάId.An.5.5.8; μεγάλα καὶ π.D.36.22; π. καὶ καλοὺσ (s.v.l.) κινδύνους, π. καὶ καλὰ παραδείγματα,Din.1.109. 3. with the Art. (in Hom. without the Art., Il.2.483, 5.334, 22.28), of persons or things well known, Ἑλένα μία τὰς πολλάς, τὰς πάνυ π. ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' those
οὐ πολλόνHdt.1.104; πολὺ οὐκ ἐξῄεσανTh.1.15, etc. d. of Time,
long,
ὡς πολλὸν τοῦτο ἐγίνετοHdt.4.126, cf. 6.129. e. of Probability, ἐὰν πολλὰ πολλῶν τέκῃς, perh. = ἐὰν πολλάκις τέκῃσ,POxy. 744.9 (i B.C./i A.D.); ἐάν τι πολλὰ πολλάκις πάθωAr.Ec.1105. 2.πολύ is freq. joined with Adjs. and Advbs., a. with a Comp. to increase its comp. force, πολὺ μεῖζον, πολλὸν παυρότεροι,Il.1.167, Od.14.17; πολὺ μᾶλλον
much
more, Il.9.700; πολύ τι μᾶλλον f.l. in D.H.Comp.4 (p.22 U.-R.): with words, esp. Preps., between πολύ and its Adj., π. ἐν πλέονι, π. ἐπὶ δεινοτέρῳ,Th.1.35, Pl.R.589e; πολὺ ἔτι ἐκ λαμπροτέρωνId.Phd.110c; π. σὺν φρονήματι μείζονιX.An.3.1.22, cf.3.2.30, Smp.1.4 (but the Prep. freq. comes first, ἐκ π. ἐλάττονοσAnd.1.109, etc.); so πολλῷ is freq. used with the Comp.,
weaker, Hdt.1.181, cf. 2.48,67, etc.: πολύ with all words implying comparison, πολὺ πρίν
much
sooner, Il.9.250; π. πρό 4.373: with the comp. Verb φθάνω, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη 13.815; so πολὺ προβέβηκας ἁπάντων, πολὺ προμάχεσθαι ἁπάντων, 6.125, 11.217; προὔλαβε πολλῷTh.7.80: with βούλομαι, =
prefer,
ἡμῖν πολὺ βούλεται ἢ Δαναοῖσι νίκηνIl.17.331, cf. Od.17.404; πολύ γε in answers, after a Comp. or Sup., ἀργὸς ..γενήσεται μᾶλλον; Answ. πολύ γεPl.R.421d, cf. 387e, etc. b. with a Sup., πολὺ πρώτιστος, πολλὸν ἄριστος,
far
the first, etc., Il.2.702, 1.91, etc.; προθυμία π. τολμηροτάτηTh.1.74, etc.; πολλόν τι μάλισταHdt.1.56; π. δή, π. δὴ γυναῖκ' ἀρίστανE.Alc.442 (lyr.), cf. Ar.Av.539, Archestr.Fr.34.9; also πολλῷ πλεῖστοιHdt.5.92.έ, 8.42; π. μεγίστουσId.4.82. c. with a Positive, to add force to the Adj., ὦ πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα, πολλὰ δ' αὖ σοφήA.Ag.1295; also ἐς πόλλ' ἀθλία πέφυκ' ἐγώE.Ph.619 (troch.); πολὺ ἀφόρητοσLuc.DMeretr. 9.3; cf. πλεῖστος.IV. with Preps., 1.διὰ πολλοῦ at
a great interval
of Space or Time, v. διάA.1.5, 11.2. 2.εἰς πολύ for