περί: around, see ἀμφί.—I. adv. (including the so - called tmesis).— (1) around, all round;περὶ γάρ ῥά ἑ χαλκὸς ἔλεψενφύλλα τε καὶ φλοιόν, i. e. the leaves and bark that encircled it, Il. 1.236; so of throwing a cloak about one, standing around in crowds, being enveloped by the shades of night, Il. 3.384, Il. 10.201.—(2) over and above others, in an extraordinary degree, very;περί τοι μένοσ, thou hast exceeding strength, Od. 12.279 ; περὶ μὲν θείειν ταχύν, Il. 16.186; τὸν περὶ Μοῦσα φίλησε, above others, extraordinarily, Od. 8.63.—A subst. in the appropriate case may specify the relation of the adv., περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετ' ἰξυῖ (dat. of place), Od. 5.231 ; ἦ σε περὶ Ζεὺς ἀνθρώπων ἤχθηρε (partitive gen.), Od. 19.363, in the phrase περὶ κῆρι, περὶ θῦμῷ, περί is adv., and the dat. local.—II. prep., (1) w. gen., rare of place, περὶ τρόπιος βεβαώσ, i. e. bestriding it, Od. 5.130, 68; -sually met., about, for, in behalf of, of the obj. of contention or the thing defended, μάχεσθαι περὶ νηός, ἀμῦ́νεσθαι περὶ νηῶν, Π 1, Il. 12.142; then with verbs of saying, inquiring, about, concerning, of (de), μνήσασθαι περὶ πομπῆσ, Od. 7.191; rarely causal, περὶ ἔριδος μάρνασθαι, Il. 7.301; denoting superiority, above, περὶ πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, Il. 1.287; so with adjectives, περὶ πάντων κρατερός, ὀιζυρόσ.—(2) w. dat., local, around, on, as of something transfixed on a spit or a weapon, περὶ δουρὶ πεπαρμένη, Il. 21.577; so of clothing on the person, περὶ χροῒ εἵματα ἔχειν, χαλκὸς περὶ στήθεσσι, κνῖ́ση ἑλισσομένη περὶ καπνῷ, curling around in the smoke, Il. 1.317; then sometimes w. verbs of contending, like the gen., about, for, Od. 2.245, Od. 17.471, Il. 16.568, and w. a verb of fearing, Il. 10.240. Often the dat. is to be explained independently, περί being adverbial, see above (I).— (3) w. acc., local implying motion, στῆσαι (τὶ) περὶ βωμόν, φυλάσσειν περὶμῆλα, and esp. of sounds, fumes floating around, coming over the senses, stealing over one, περὶ δέ σφεας ἤλυθ̓ ἰωή, Κύκλωπα περὶ φρένας ἤλυθεν οἶνοσ, went to his head, we should say, Od. 17.261, Od. 9.362; met., of that in which one is interested, πονεῖν περί τι, about, over, with, Il. 24.444, Od. 4.624.
of .., ib.32, 8.14,26, etc. (cf. infr. C. 1.5); οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (sc. ἔχει) Pl.Men.72c, cf. R.534b, 551c, etc.; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον
as for
reserving the corn, PMich.Zen.28.5 (iii B.C.): without the Art., ἀριθμοῦ πέρι
as to
number, Hdt.7.102; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι ..Id.2.54. III.
before, above, beyond
, of superiority, chiefly in Ep., π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλωνIl.1.287; π. δ' ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375; τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων 9.38; ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίησ 5.325; ὃν ..π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304; π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶνOd.7.108; κρατερὸς π. πάντωνIl.21.566, cf. 1.417, Od.11.216: in this sense freq. divided from its gen., π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων in understanding to be
beyond
them, Il.17.171, cf. 1.258, Od.1.66; π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ' ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων ΔαναῶνIl.17.279; π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ' αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214; π. δ' ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289, cf. Pi.O.6.50, Theoc. 25.119.— In this sense π. is sts. adverbial, and the gen. is absent, v. infr. E. II. IV. in Hdt. and Att. Prose, to denote value, ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι it is
of
much
consequence, worth
much, to us, Hdt.1. 120, cf. Antipho 6.3; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινασ to reckon them
a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ' ἄρ' αὐτῷ βαῖν', ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ 17.4; ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι ib.133; Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ ..βεβήκει ib.137, cf. 355; π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώσAr.Eq. 1039. II. of an object
for
or
about
which one struggles (cf. supr. A. 11.1), π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσιOd.17.471; μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί 2.245; π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνοσIl.16.568; ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενονTyrt.10.2; π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύεινPl.Prt.314a; π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγώνTh.6.34 codd.; κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷAntipho 5.6. 2. with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (cf. supr. A. 11.2), π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοιIl.5.566; ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240, cf. 11.557; δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳTh.1.60, cf. 74, 119, Ar.Eq.27; θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇPl.Phd.114d, cf. Tht.148c; π. πλέγματι γαθεῖTheoc.1.54. 3. generally, of the cause or occasion,
on account of, by reason of
, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, v.l. for ὑπὸ καπνοῦ in Il.8.183; μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ ἙλλάσHdt.9.101; π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαιTh.6.33; π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναιId.1.69: in Poets, π. δείματι
for
fear, Pi.P.5.58; π. τιμᾷ
in
honour or praise, ib.2.59; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, A.Pers.696 (lyr.), Ch.35(lyr.); π. χάρματιh.Cer.429:— but π. θυμῷ is f.l. in Hdt.3.50. C. WITH ACCUSATIVE, I. of Place, prop. of the object
round about
which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking
PGrenf.1.21.16 (ii B.C.), etc.; later οἱ π. τινά, periphr. for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, Plu.Pyrrh.20, cf. Tim.13, IGRom.3.883.14 (Tarsus, ii/iii A.D.); cf. ἀμφί C. 1.3. 3. of the object
about
which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, Il.24.444, Od.4.624 (but π. τεύχε' ἕπουσι, tmesis for περιέπουσι, Il.15.555); later mostly εἶναι π. τι, Th.7.31, X.HG2.2.4; γενέσθαιIsoc.3.12; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett. Val.17.20; ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείανD.48.6; διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήρανX.Cyr.1.2.11, etc.: less freq. ἔχειν π. τινάσId.HG7.4.28, Gal.15.442; in periphr. phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντεσ poets and orators, Isoc.12.35; οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντεσId.9.8; οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν ib.4; οἱ π. τὰς τελετάσ ministers of the mysteries, Pl.Phd.69c; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, X.Eq.6.3; cf. ἀμφί C. 1.6. 4.
(cf. A. 11.5), π. τὸ παρὸν πάθοσPl.Tht.179c, cf. Phd.65a: freq. in place of an Adj., ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά, Id.R.370d; οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμουσId.Cri.50d; αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναίId.Phlb.51e; also in place of a gen., οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches
of
L., Id.Phdr.279a; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίσ the despotism
of
P., X.HG5.4.2; ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόνArist.EN1149b19: in Prose, to denote circumstances
connected with
any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, Hdt.1.95, 2.113, 4.154; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the
works at
Mount Athos, Id.7.37; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦσ naval
affairs
, Th.1.13; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (v.l. for τῆς ναυμαχίασ) the
events of
.., Id.8.63; τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμονPl.R.468a; τὰ π. τὸ σῶμαId.Phdr.246d; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούσX.Cyr.8.1.23, etc.; cf. ἀμφί c.1.4. II. of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάσ
about
the time of lamp-lighting, Hdt.7.215; π. μέσας νύκτασ
seventy, Id.1.54; π. ἑπτακοσίουσX.HG2.4.5, etc. D. Position: π. may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέριIl.22.173; ἔριδος πέρι 16.476: most freq. with gen., τοῦδε πράγματος πέριA.Eu.630; τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέριId.Th. 248, etc. (S. only once uses it
before
its gen., Aj.150 (anap.)): in Prose, σφέων αὐτῶν πέριHdt.8.36; σοφίας πέριPl.Phlb.49a; δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκωνId.Grg.455a, etc.; γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέριId.Lg.809e, cf. Ap.19c. E.περί abs., as ADV.,
, δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένοσStratt.34, cf. Phot.; τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτωAel.NA9.34. F. IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur, esp. I. extension in all directions as from a centre,
all round
, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω. II. completion of an orbit and return to the same point,
about
, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι (εἶμι
ibo
), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω. III. a going over or beyond,
above, before
, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω v, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω. IV. generally, a strengthening of the simple notion,
beyond measure, very, exceedingly
, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Lat.
per
-. V. the notion of
double
-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compd., περιδέξιοσ (q.v.). G. PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in Il. or Od. (περ' ἰγνύσιh.Merc.152); once in Hes., περίαχεTh.678 (cf. Q.S.3.601, 11.382), v. ἰάχω fin.; περ' ἰγνύῃσιTheoc.25.242; περ' ἨδάλιονInscr.Cypr. 135.27 H.; also in Pi., περάπτωνP.3.52; περόδοισN.11.40; περιδαῖοσFr.154; περ' αὐτᾶσP.4.265; ταύτας περ' ἀτλάτου πάθασO.6.38: not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. ll. in A.Ag.1147, Eu.634); in Com. and codd. of Prose writers only in part. of περίειμι (εἶμι
ibo
) (q. v.):— π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Com., περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, Ar.Eq.1005 sq.:— Aeol. περρ metri gr., v. A. 5.