οὗτοσ, αὕτη, τοῦτο, gen. τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου, etc.: the dual fem. never in Att., v. ὁ, ἡ, τό, init.:— demonstr. Pron.,
this
, common from Hom. downwds. A. ORIGIN and FORMS: οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο prob. arose from a reduplication of the demonstr. ὁ, ἡ, τό with insertion of -υ- (= Skt. Particle
u
), e.g. ταῦτα fr. τα-υ-τα: Dor. gen. sg. fem. τούτασPhilol.11; nom. pl. τοῦτοι, ταῦταιA.D.Synt.111.23: the former occurs Sophr.24, GDI3045 B6 (Selinus), SIG339.16 (Rhodes, iii B. C.), etc., the latter is dub. in Sophr.97, certain in SIG241 B117 (Delph., iv B. C.): in Boeot. all forms begin with οὑτ-, as gen. sg. neut. οὕτωSupp.Epigr.3.359.11(iii B. C.); acc. sg. fem. οὕτανCorinn.Supp.2.80; acc. pl. neut. οὗταSIG1185.20 (Tanagra, iii B. C.), etc.: gen. pl. fem. Att. τούτων, Cret. ταυτᾶνLeg.Gort.5.19; neut. ταύτωνMichel 1334.10 (Elis, iv B. C.).— In Ion. sts. written ταότην, ταο̂τα, SIG283.19 (Chios, iv B. C.), 46.7 (Halic., v B. C.), al.— In Att. οὗτοσ was freq. strengthd. by the demonstr. -ί, οὑτοσί, αὑτηί, τουτί, gen. τουτουί, dat. τουτῳί, acc. τουτονί; pl. nom. οὑτοιί, neut. ταυτί, etc.,
this man here
: sts. a Particle is inserted between the Pron. and -ί, as αὑτηγί for αὑτηί γε, Ar.Ach.784; τουτογί for τουτί γε, Id.V.781, Av.894, al.; ταυταγί for ταυτί γε, Id.Eq.492, Pax1057, al.; τουτοδί for τουτὶ δέ, Id.Pl.227; τουτουμενί for τουτουὶ μέν, Id.Ra.965.— In codd. the ν ἐφελκυστικόν is sts. added in the forms οὑτοσίν, οὑτωσίν, and οὑτοσίν is said to be Att. by A.D.Pron.59.24, 82.11. [This ι is always long, and a long vowel or diphthong before it becomes short, as αὑτη̆ί, τουτῳ̆ί, οὑτοῐί, Ar.Nu.201, Pl.44, Ach.40, etc.] B. USAGE in regard to CONCORD.οὗτοσ is freq. used as a Pron. Subst.: hence neut. is folld. by gen., κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἀκροπόλιοσHdt. 1.84; εἰς τοῦθ' ὕβρεως ἐλήλυθενD.4.37; εἰς τοῦθ' ἥκεις μανίασId.36.48; ταῦτα τῶν μαθημάτωνPl.Euthd.278b: but quite as freq. as Adj., in which case its Subst. commonly takes the Art., οὗτος ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτοσ.— But the Art. is absent, 1. always in Ep. Poets (exc. Od.18.114), οὗτος ἀνήρIl.14.471, Od.1.406, etc.: sts. also in Trag., A.Pers. 122 (lyr.), 495, S.Ph.406, OC471,1177: once in an Inscr., τοπεῖα: τούτων τὰ ἡμίσεα τοπείωνIG22.1622.135(iv B. C.). 2. sts. when the Noun is so specified that the Art. is not needed, ἐς γῆν ταύτην .., ἥντινα νῦν Σκύθαι νέμονταιHdt.4.8; ταύτας ἃς οἱ πατέρες παρέδοσαν μελέτασTh. 1.85, cf. Pl.R.449d, etc.; πατὴρ σὸς οὗτος, ὃν θρηνεῖς ἀείS.El.530. 3. when οὗτοσ is used in local sense,
here
, v. infr. c. 1.5. 4. when the Noun with which οὗτοσ agrees stands as its Predicate, αὕτη γὰρ ἦν σοι πρόφασισS.Ph.1034; δικαστοῦ αὕτη ἀρετή [ἐστι] Pl.Ap.18a: this exception extends to cases in which the Predicate is not so distinctly separated from the Subject, αἰτίαι μὲν αὗται προυγεγένηντο
these
were the grievances which already existed, Th.1.66; ταύτην φήμην παρέδοσαν
this
was the report which .., Pl.Phlb.16c: freq. with a Sup., κίνησις αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ ..ἐγένετο
this
was notably the greatest movement which .., Th.1.1, cf. 3.113: with πρῶτοσId.1.55,98, 6.31, Ev.Luc. 2.2. 5. when 3rd pers. is used for 2nd to express contempt, οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὑτοσὶ ἀνήρ, Pl.Grg.467b,489b, etc. II. though οὗτοσ usu. agrees with the Noun that serves as Predicate, it is not rare to find it in the neut., μανία δὲ καὶ τοῦτ' ἐστίE.Ba.305; τοῦτο γάρ εἰσι ..εὔθυναιD.19.82, etc.: and in pl., οὐκ ἔστι ταῦτα ἀρχήAeschin. 3.13; ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ὁ προδότησId.2.166: so with an explanatory clause added, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ὁ συκοφάντης, αἰτιᾶσθαι μὲν πάντα ἐξελέγξαι δὲ μηδένD.57.34. 2. so also with a Noun in apposition, τούτοισιν μὲν ταῦτα μέλει, κίθαρις καὶ ἀοιδήOd.1.159; τούτου τιμῶμαι, ἐν πρυτανείῳ σιτήσεωσPl.Ap.36e, cf. E.Fr.323.3, etc. 3. the neut. also may refer to a masc. or fem. Noun, καρπὸν φορέει κυάμῳ ἴσον: τοῦτο ἐπεὰν γένηται πέπον κτλ. Hdt.4.23, cf. X.An.1.5.10, etc. 4. the neut. is also used of classes of persons, μελιτοπῶλαι καὶ τυροπῶλαι: τοῦτο δ' εἰς ἕν ἐστι συγκεκυφόσAr.Eq.854, cf. Pl.Lg.711a; or of an abstract fact, οὐκ Ἰοφῶν ζῇ;— τοῦτο γάρ τοι καὶ μόνον ἔτ' ἐστὶ λοιπὸν ἀγαθόνAr.Ra.73. III. with Prons., 1. personal, οὗτος σύ, in local sense, v. infr. c.1.5. 2. interrog., τί τοῦτ' ἔλεξασ; what is
father of thine, S.El.530, cf. X.An.7.3.30. 5. demonstr., οὗτος ἐκεῖνος, τὸν σὺ ζητέεισ, where ἐκεῖνοσ is the Predicate, Hdt.1.32; τοῦτ' ἔστ' ἐκεῖνοE.Hel.622, cf. Or.804; αὐτὸ τοῦτο, v. αὐτόσ 1.7; τοῦτον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα
this
same man, S.Ph.128. b. exceptionally, Διφίλου οὗτος ὅδ' ἐστὶ τύποσIG12(5).300 (Paros). 6.ἄλλος τις οὗτος ἀνέστη another man
here
, Od.20.380. IV. with Numerals, τέθνηκε ταῦτα τρία ἔτη
these
three years, Lys.7.10codd.; [στρατείαν] ἑνδέκατον μῆνα τουτονὶ ποιεῖται for
these
eleven months, D.8.2, cf. 3.4; τριακοστὴν ταύτην ἡμέρανMen.Epit.27; ταύτας τριάκοντα μνᾶσD.27.23, cf. Pl.Grg. 463b, etc. C. SIGNIFICATION AND SPECIAL IDIOMS: I.
this
, to designate
the nearer
, opp. ἐκεῖνοσ,
that, the more remote
, ταῦτα, like τὰ ἐνταῦθα,
things round and about us, earthly things
, Pl.Phd.75e (v. l.); cf. ὅδε init.: but οὗτοσ sts. indicates that which is not really nearest, but most important, δεῖ ..τὸ βέλτιστον ἀεί, μὴ τὸ ῥᾷστον λέγειν: ἐπὶ ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ βαδιεῖται, ἐπὶ τοῦτο δὲ κτλ. D.8.72, cf. 51.3 and 18. 2. when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, ὅδε prop. refers to what follows, οὗτοσ to what precedes, οὐκ ἔστι σοι ταῦτ', ἀλλά σοι τάδ' ἔστιS.OC787, cf. ὅδε III. 2: freq., however, where there are not two things, οὗτοσ refers to what follows, Il. 13.377, Od.2.306, etc.; οὔκουν ..τοῦτο γιγνώσκεις, ὅτι ..; A.Pr.379, etc. 3.οὗτοσ is used emphat., generally in contempt, while ἐκεῖνοσ denotes praise, ὁ πάντ' ἄναλκις οὗτοσ, i.e. Aegisthus, S.El.301; τούτους τοὺς συκοφάντασPl.Cri.45a; so D.de Coron. uses οὗτοσ of Aeschines, ἐκεῖνοσ of Philip; but οὗτοσ is used of Philip, D.2.15, 4.3. b. of what is familiar, τούτους τοὺς πολυτελεῖς χιτῶνασ, of the Persians, X.An.1.5.8; οἱ τὰς τελετὰς ..οὗτοι καταστήσαντεσPl.Phd.69c, cf. Men.80a; τὸ θυλακῶδες τοῦτο the
familiar
bag-like thing, Thphr.HP3.7.3, cf. 3.18.11, 4.7.1; οἱ τὰς κόρας ταύτας ὠνούμενοι τοῖς παισίνD.Chr.31.153. 4. in Att. law-language, οὗτοσ is commonly applied to
the opponent
, whether plaintiff (as in Aeschin. 2.130) or defendant (as in Id.1.1); so, in the political speeches of D., οὗτοι are
the opposite party
, 4.1, 8.7, etc.; but in the forensic speeches, οὗτοι freq. means
the judges, the court
, 21.134, 36.47. 5. much like an Adv., in local sense (cf. ὅδε init.), τίς δ' οὗτος κατὰ νῆας ..ἔρχεαι; who art thou
here
that comest ..? Il.10.82; freq. in Att., τίς οὑτοσί; who's this
here?
Ar.Ach.1048; πολλὰ ὁρῶ ταῦτα πρόβατα I see many sheep
here
, X.An.3.5.9 (as v.l.): with Pron. of 2 pers., οὗτος σύ
ho
you! you
there!
S.OT532, 1121, E.Hec.1280, etc.: and then οὗτοσ alone like a voc., οὗτος, τί ποιεῖσ; A.Supp.911,cf.S.Aj.71, E.Alc. 773, Ar.Eq.240, Nu.220, al.: with a pr. n., ὦ οὗτος, ΑἴασS.Aj.89; ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, ΟἰδίπουσId.OC1627, cf. Ar.V.1364: with voc., βέντισθ' οὗτοσTheoc.5.76:— the fem. is rarer, αὕτηE.Med.922; αὕτη σύAr.Th. 610.— This phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn. II. simply as antec. to ὅσ, Od.2.40, S.OT1180, etc.: freq. following relat. clause, ἅ γ' ἔλαβες, ..μεθεῖναι ταῦταId.Ph.1247, cf. 1319,Ant. 183, 203, Pl.Grg.469c. III. = τοιοῦτος, οὗτος ἐγὼ ταχυτᾶτιPi.O. 4.26; σὺ τοίνυν οὗτος εὑρέθησD.18.282, cf. 173. IV. after a parenthesis, the Subject, though already named, is freq. emphat. repeated by οὗτος, οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Ἀριστέης .., οὐδὲ οὗτος προσωτέρω ..ἔφησε ἀπικέσθαιHdt.4.16, cf.81 (s. v. l.), 1.146, Pl.Phd.107d, etc. V.καὶ οὗτοσ is added to heighten the force of a previous word, ξυνεστῶτες ..ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς ἈθηναίουσTh.4.55, cf. Hdt.1.147, 6.11, etc.; so οὐδὲ τούτουAeschin.2.100; v. infr. VIII.2. VI. repeated, where for the second we should merely say
he
or
it
, τοῖσιν τούτου τοῦτον μέλεσιν ..κελαδοῦντεσAr.Ra.1526, cf. Pl.La.200d. VII.ταῦτα is used in some special phrases, 1.ταῦτ', ὦ δέσποτα
yes
Sir (i. e. ἔστι ταῦτα, ταῦτα δράσω, etc.), Ar.V.142, Pax275, cf. Eq.III; so ταῦτα δήId.Ach.815; ταῦτά νυνId.V.1008; so also ἦν ταῦτα
even so, true
, E.Ph.417. 2.ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει
so
it shall be, Pl.Phd.78a. 3.καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα so much for
that
, freq. in Att., as Pl.Smp. 220c. 4.ταῦτα at end of a formula in epitaphs, etc., prob. short for ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει or ὁ βίος ταῦτά ἐστιν, e.g. οὐδὶς ( = -εὶσ) ἀθάνατοσ: ταῦταIG14.420; Προκόπι ταῦτα ib.1824; χαίρεται ( = -τε) ταῦτα ib.1479, etc.: similarly perh. in a letter, ἂμ μὴ πέμψῃς, οὐ μὴ φάγω, οὐ μὴ πείνω. ταῦταPOxy.119.15(ii/iii A. D.). VIII. Adverbial usages: 1.ταῦταabs.,
, prop. used in indignant defiance, A.Pr.992, 1043, S.Aj.971, 1115, 1313, OT426, OC455, etc. 2.καὶ ταῦτα, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said,
and that
, ἄνδρα γενναῖον θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικόσA.Eu.627: but mostly with a part., ὅς γ' ἐξέλυσας ἄστυ .., καὶ ταῦθ' ὑφ' ἡμῶν οὐδὲν ἐξειδὼς πλέονS.OT37, cf. Ar.Ra.704, Pl.Phdr.241e, etc.; or with a part. omitted, ἥτις ..τὴν τεκοῦσαν ὕβρισεν, καὶ ταῦτα τηλικοῦτοσ (sc. οὖσα) S.El.614; so καὶ ταῦτα μέντοιPl.Erx.400b. b.καὶ ταῦτα
anyhow, no matter what happens
(or
happened
), ἐπεχείρησας, οὐδὲν ὢν καὶ ταῦτα you tried, but were no good
anyhow
, i.e. try as you might, Id.R. 341c, cf. Diod.Com.3.5. 3.τοῦτο μέν .., τοῦτο δέ ..
on the one hand .., on the other .., partly .., partly
.., very freq. in Hdt., as 1.161, al.; τοῦτο μέν is sts. answered by δέ only, 4.76, S.Aj.670, OC440; by δὲ αὖ, Hdt.7.176; by ἔπειτα δέ, S.Ant.61; by ἀλλά, D.22.13; by εἶτα, S.Ph.1345; by τοῦτ' αὖθισ, Id.Ant.165. 4. dat. fem. ταύτῃ, a.