οὖν: inferential or resumptive particle, now, then, in Homer regularly found in connection with some other particle, γὰρ οὖν, ἐπεὶ οὖν, ὡς οὖν, μὲν οὖν, and as in the 1st or 2d of a pair of correlative clauses, οὔτ' οὖν.. οὔτε, Od. 1.414; εἴ γ̓ οὖν ἕτερός γε φύγῃσιν, if for that matter, etc., Il. 5.258. The various shades of meaning assumed by οὖν must be learned from the context of the passages in which it occurs.
οὖν, vi consecutiva. positum in principio (post primum voca-bulum, sed cf εἰ μὴ οὖν τι5. 167 b16) enunciationis ali-cuius vel comprehendi superiora vel aliquid ex iis concludisignificat, veluti τα1. 100 a21, 101 a1, 18. 4. 101 b11 acsaepissime. post digressionem aliquam reditus ad superio-rem cogitationum contextum significatur per particulam οὖν,veluti Αγ19. 81 b29. τθ2. 157 b6. 8. 160 a39. ι24. 180a14 Wz. inde videtur repetendum esse, quod etiam intracircuitum eiusdem enunciationis in apodosi periodorumconditionalium vel causalium οὖν ponitur, praecipue ubiprotasis parenthesibus intercepta est (in plerisque locis,qui afferendi sunt, editores a particula οὖν non apodosinsed novam enunciationem incipiunt; quod cur nequeatprobari expositum est Bz Ar St II 59-106), ita οὖν ψγ11.423 b1. Ηι9. 1170 b7. τδ4. 125 b5. ζ9. 147 b6 Wz. Φζ3.234 b15. Ζμβ16. 659 a20. ημα3. 1185 a23, μὲν οὖν MA3.983 a33. ε4. 1027 b28. μβ9. 369 a24. δ1. 378 b25. Ζγα1.715 a7. Ηη6. 1147 b31, 1148 b2; saepe initio apodosisinseritur nova protasis hypothetica, qua vel iteretur etcomprehendatur protasis primaria vel nova conditio, priorisubiecta, ponatur: εἰ οὖν Φδ14. 233 b18. θ8. 264 a28. 5.256 a19. Αγ24. 85 b1. Οβ6. 289 a1, ἐὰν οὖν τβ4. 111 b4,ὅταν οὖν ημβ10. 1208 a19, ἐπεὶ οὖν τθ5. 159 a36. ημβ7.1206 b1, εἰ μὲν οὖν Ζκ4. 699 b25, ἐὰν μὲν οὖν ε7. 17 b3,ὅταν μὲν οὖν Φδ4. 211 a29. idem usus particulae οὖν inapodosi observatur etiam post eiusinodi (longiores ple-rumque) protases conditionales et causales, quae non suntparenthesibus interceptae, et eadem quidem in hoc generecernitur usus varietas: οὖν Αα4. 26 b18. τι24. 179 a30.μβ4. 361 a20. Γβ11. 337 b15. ψα4. 408 a9. Πθ7. 1341b27. μχ3. 850 b1. 6. 851 b4, μὲν οὖν Μθ10. 1051 b13.Ηκ10. 1180 a19, εἰ οὖν Αδ 16. 98 b19. Ογ1. 299 b9. Μβ6.1002 b25. Ζγε8. 788 a24, εἴπερ οὖν Οβ8. 290 a10. Ζγα18.722 a21, ἐὰν οὖν Ρβ9. 1387 a31, εἰ μὲν οὖν Μκ3. 1060b33. Ηγ7. 1114 b1. -- μὲν οὖν saepe usurpatur, ubi notiomodo pronunciata amplius explicatur: ἀλλ̓ ἄν τις ἅπαντατοιαῦτα ποιήσῃ, ἢ αἴνιγμα ἔσται ἢ βαρβαρισμός, ἂν μὲνοὖν ἐκ μεταφὁρῶν, αἴνιγμα, ἂν δ̓ ἐκ γλυιττῶν, βαρβα-ρισμός πο22. 1458 a23 Vahlen Poet III 317. πάντες οἱ τόποιπίπτουσιν εἰς τὴν τοῦ ἐλέγχου ἄγνοιαν, οἱ μὲν οὖν παρὰ τὴνλέξιν, ὅτι φαινομένη ἀντίφασις, οἱ δ̓ ἄλλοι παρὰ τὸν τοῦσυλλογισμοῦ ὅρον τι6. 169 a19. ἔστι προτάσεων μέρη τρία.αἱ μὲν γὰρ ἠθικαὶ προτάσεις εἰσίν, αἱ δὲ φυσικαί, αἱ δὲλογικαί. ἠθικαὶ μὲν οὖν αἱ τοιαῦται οἷον τα14. 105 b21; cfeiusdem usus exempla τα1. 100 a27. 2. 101 a28. 18. 108b9. β1. 108 b38. Ρβ9. 1387 a33 (μάλιστα μὲν οὖν --, εἰδὲ μή). Πα2. 1252 b29. η10. 1329 b3. 17. 1336 b4, 7(ὅλως μὲν οὖν --, μάλιστα μὲν οὖν --, ἐὰν δὲ --, non de-bebat tentare Susemihl Philol 25, 409). ε12. 1316 a8.Ηζ7. 1141 a11 al. (inde probabile est, οὖν e cod Aa reci-piendum esse Ζιε19. 551 a2. 22. 553 b24.) -- inde paul-lum deflectit usus, ita quidem ut μὲν οὖν usurpetur ubi none superioribus notio explicatur, sed prorsus novi aliquidprofertur, veluti πόλεμος μὲν οὖν πρὸς ἄλληλα τοῖς ζῴοισοὔπωἐστίν, ὅσα τοὺς αὐτούς τε κατέχει τόπουσ (antea neque πό-λεμοσ commemoratur neque eiusmodi notio, cuius ad am-bitum explicandum πόλεμοσ referatur) Ζυ1. 608 b19. πο24.1460 a11 Vahlen Poet III 338. -- distinguendus ab hisis est usus particularum μὲν οὖν, ubi μέν non praepara-tivum, sed affirmativam vim habet, immo vero: οἷον τῇπαιδεύσει τὸ φθονεῖσθαι ἀκολουθεῖ κακόν, τὸ δὲ σοφὸν εἶναιἀγαθόν· οὐ τοίνυν δεῖ παιδεύεσθαι, φθονεῖσθαι γὰρ οὐ δεῖ·δεῖ μὲν οὖν παιδεύεσθαι, σοφὸν γὰρ εἶναι δεῖ Ρβ23. 1399a15, 23. -- δ̓ οὖν cf δέ p 167 a54. -- γοῦν v h v. -- ἀλλ̓οὖν cf ἀλλά p 33 b33.
Liddell-Scott-Jones: A Greek-English lexicon
οὖν, Ion. and Dor. ὦν (the latter in Pi.P.3.82, al., but οὖν in Hom. (v. infr.), B.18.29,37, Cerc.4.18, al.), Adv.
certainly, in fact
, confirming something, freq. in contrast with something which is not confirmed, in Hom. only in combination with γε (v. γοῦν), γάρ, οὔτε or μήτε, ὡς, ἐπεί, μέν, etc.: 1.
really
, φημὶ γὰρ οὖν κατανεῦσαι ..Κρονίωνα for I declare that Zeus did
really
promise .., Il.2.350, cf. Pl.Prt.309b; τόφρα γὰρ οὖν ἑπόμεσθα .., ὄφρ' for we followed them up to the
very
point, where .., Il.11.754, cf. 15.232, Od.2.123; εἰ δ' οὖν τις ἀκτὶς ἡλίου νιν ἱστορεῖ ..ζῶνταA.Ag.676, cf. 1042; ἐλέχθησαν λόγοι ἄπιστοι μὲν ἐνίοισι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθησαν δ' ὦν but they
return, Th.2.5, cf. 1.63, Pl.Prt.315e; σωτηρίαν λεπτὴν μὲν .., μόνην δ' οὖνId.Lg.699b; so δ' οὖν after a parenthesis; εἰ δή τις ὑμῶν οὕτως ἔχει,— οὐκ ἀξιῶ μὲν γὰρ ἔγωγε,— εἰ δ' οὖν but if he is so, Id.Ap.34d, cf. Hdt.6.76, Th.1.3; so ἀλλ' οὖν ..γε but
, τάχ' οὖν τις ἄκων ἔσχεS.Ph.305: in apodosi after εἰ or ἐάν, εἰ καὶ σμικρά, ἀλλ' ὦν ἴση γε ἡ χάρισ ..Hdt.3.140, cf.9.48, E.Ph.498, Pl.Phd.91b, etc.: after ἐπεί and ὡς, ἀλλ' ἐπεὶ οὖν τὸ πρῶτον ἀνέκραγον but now that I have (emphat.) once spoken up, Od.14.467, cf. 17.226, Il.18.333; Τληπόλεμος δ', ἐπεὶ οὖν τράφ' ἐνὶ μεγάρῳ εὐπήκτῳ, αὐτίκα ..κατέκτα
when once
, i.e. as soon as, he had grown up, 2.661, cf. 15.363, 16.394, al.; νεβροί, αἵ τ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον ..ἑστᾶσ' which,
as soon as
they are tired, stand still, 4.244; to indicate that something foreshadowed has
actually
occurred, ἀγορήνδε καλέσσατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς .., οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν 1.57, cf. 3.340, al.: sts. οὖν after ἐπεί or ὡσ has either no force or approaches signf. 11 or 111, οἱ δ' ἐπεὶ οὖν παύσαντο πόνουOd.16.478, cf. 19.213, 251, al.; τὸν δ' ὡς οὖν ἐνόησεIl.3.21, al.; οὔτ' οὖν .., οὔτε .. or οὔτε .., οὔτ' οὖν ..both =
neither ..nor
, but preferred according as the first or second clause is to be marked by emphasis, cf. 17.20, Od.2.200, Hdt.9.26, with Od. 11.198sq., S.OT90, 271, etc.; so εἰ .., εἴτ' οὖν ..if .., or if .., E.Alc. 140; εἴτ' οὖν, εἴτε μὴ γενήσεται whether it shall be so, or no, Id.Heracl.149, cf. A.Ag.491, S.El.560; ξεῖνος αἴτ' ὦν ἀστόσ, i.e. αἴτε ξ. αἴτ' ὦν ἀ., Pi.P.4.78; and doubled, εἴτ' οὖν ἀληθὲς εἴτ' οὖν ψεῦδοσPl.Ap.34e, cf. A.Ch.683: so also in parenth. Relat. clauses, ἢ σῖγ', ἀτίμως, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀπώλετο πατήρ
even
as,
just
as, ib.96, cf. 888, E.Hipp. 1307 (v.l.); εἰ δ' ἔστιν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔστι, θεόσ if he is, as he
in fact
is, a god, Pl.Phdr.242e; οὗτος μὲν οἴεταί τι εἰδέναι οὐκ εἰδώς, ἐγὼ δέ, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐκ οἶδα, οὐδὲ οἴομαιId.Ap.21d: for γὰρ οὖν, v. γάρA. 11.5; for μὲν οὖν, v. μένB. 11.2. 2. added to indef. Prons. and Advbs., like Lat.
cunque
, ὅστισ
whoever
, ὁστισοῦν
whosoever
; ὅπωσ
how
, ὁπωσοῦν
howsoever
; ἄλλος ὁστισοῦν another,
be he who he may
; so ὁποιοσοῦν, ὁποιοστισοῦν, ὁποσοσοῦν, ὁπωσδηποτοῦν, ὁπητιοῦν, ὁποθενοῦν, etc., v. sub vocc. II. to continue a narrative,
so, then
, καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν ..θῆκανOd.13.122; ὅτ' οὖν since,
then
, .., S.Ant.170, El.38, 1318; ζεῖ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ ..Pl.Phdr.251c, cf. Prt.322b; εὐθὺς οὖν ὁ Κῦρος εἶπενX.Cyr.4.1.22: in Hdt. and Att., μὲν οὖν (q.v.) is very common in this sense; so δ' οὖνA.Ag.34, S.Aj.114; οὖν is also used alone merely to resume after a parenth. or long protasis,
well, as I was saying
, ὦ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ .., ὑμεας γὰρ πυνθάνομαι προεστάναι ..,— ὑμέας ὦν ..προσκαλέομαι ..Hdt.1.69, cf. 4.75, Th.2.16, Pl.Ap.29d, Smp.201d, etc.: Hdt. so uses ὦν after a short protasis, 1.144, etc. 2.ὦν is freq. inserted by Hdt. (sts. without any discernible meaning) between the Prep. and its Verb (but only, it seems, in narrative with the aor., which is always the aor. of habitual action exc. in 2.172), ἐπεὰν δὲ ταῦτα ποιήσωσι, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν ib.87; καὶ ἔπειτα ἀπ' ὦν ἔδωκαν ib.88: after a part., οἱ δὲ φέροντες ἐς τὴν ἀγορήν, ἀπ' ὦν ἔδοντο ib.39; κατευξάμενοι, κοιλίην μὲν κείνην πᾶσαν ἐξ ὦν εἶλον ib.40; ἤν τις ψαύσῃ .., αὐτοῖσι τοῖσι ἱματίοισι ἀπ' ὦν ἔβαψε ἑωυτόν ib.47; τοῦτον κατ' ὦν κόψασ ib.172; so in Hp., δι' οὖν ἐφθάρησανMorb.1.14 (v.l.), al.; also ἐπ' ὦν ἐπίομες οἶνονEpich.124.3: this tmesis is rare in Att., ὥστε γε καὐτόν σε κατ' οὖν ἔβαλενAr.Ra.1047; but occurs in later writers, Dorieus ap. Phylarch.3 J., AP12.226 (Strat.). III. in inferences,
then, therefore
, not in Hom., rare in A., and usu. in questions (v. infr.); in a statement, Eu.219; very common from Hdt. downwds.; so καὶ σὺ οὖν you too