διά, poet. διαί (Aeol. ζά, q.v.), Prep. governing gen. and acc.— Rad. sense,
through;
never anastroph. [Prop. δῐᾰ: but Hom. uses ῑ at the beginning of a line, Il.3.357, 4.135, al.: also ᾱ, metri gr., freq. in Hom., for which A. uses διαί in lyr., Ag.448, al.] A. WITH GEN. I. of Place or Space: 1. of motion
in a line,
from one end to the other,
right through,
in Hom. freq. of the effect of weapons, διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε ..ἔγχος καὶ διὰ θώρηκος ..Il. 3.357; δουρὶ βάλεν Δάμασον κυνέης διά 12.183; δι' ὤμου ..ἔγχος ἦλθεν 4.481; in Prose, τιτρώσκειν διὰ τοῦ θώρακοσX.An.1.8.26; διὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου ἐφαίνετο πῦρ ib.7.4.16: also of persons, διὰ Σκαιῶν πεδίονδ' ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππουσ
out through
the Scaean gate, Il.3.263; δι' ἠέρος αἰθέρ' ἵκανεν
quite through
the lower air even to the ether, Il.14.288, cf. 2.458; διὰ Τρώων πέτετο
straight through
them, 13.755; δι' ὄμματος ..λείβων δάκρυονS.OC1250, etc.: also in Compos. with πρό and ἐκ, v. διαπρό, διέκ: in adverbial phrases, διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), v. διαπασῶν: διὰ πάσησ
night, Act.Ap.5.19, PRyl.138.15 (i A. D.), etc.); δ. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρασPl.R.343b; δι' ἐνιαυτοῦ, δι' ἔτους,Ar.Fr.569.8, V.1058; δ. βίουPl.Smp.183e, etc.; δ. τέλουσ
from beginning to end,
A.Pr.275, Pl.R.519c, etc.: with Adjs. alone, δ. παντόσ
continually,
A.Ch.862 (lyr.), etc.; δι' ὀλίγου
for
a short time, Th.1.77; δ. μακροῦE.Hec.320; ὁ δ. μέσου χρόνοσHdt. 8.27. 2. of the interval which has passed
between
two points of Time, δ. χρόνου πολλοῦ or δ. πολλοῦ χρ.
after
a long time, Id.3.27, Ar.Pl.1045; δ. μακρῶν χρόνωνPl.Ti.22d: without an Adj., δ. χρόνου
after
a time, S.Ph.758, X.Cyr.1.4.28, etc.; δι' ἡμερῶν
after
several days, Ev.Marc.2.1; and with Adjs. alone, δι' ὀλίγουTh.5.14; οὐ δ. μακροῦId.6.15,91; δ. πολλοῦLuc.Nigr.2, etc.: with Numerals, δι' ἐτέων εἴκοσιHdt.6.118, cf. OGI56.38 (iii B. C.), etc.: but δ. τῆς ἑβδόμησ
till
the seventh day, Luc.Hist.Conscr.21: also distributively, χρόνος δ. χρόνου προὔβαινε time
after
time, S.Ph.285; ἄλλος δι' ἄλλουE.Andr.1248. 3. of successive Intervals, δ. τρίτης ἡμέρησ every other day, Hdt.2.37; δ. τρίτου ἔτεοσ ib.4, etc.; δ. πεντετηρίδοσ every four years (with inclusive reckoning), Id.3.97; δι' ἔτους πέμπτου, of the Olympic games, Ar.Pl.584 (but δι' ἑνδεκάτου ἔτεοσ
in the course of
the eleventh year, Hdt.1.62). III. causal,
through, by,
a. of the Agent, δι' ἀλλέλων or -ου ἐπικηρυκεύεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι,
D.15.14, cf. 22.38. b. of the Instrument or Means, δ. χειρῶν
by
hand (prop.
by holding between
the hands), δι' ὁσίων χ. θιγώνS.OC470; also δ. χερῶν λαβεῖν, δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν
in
the hand, Id.Ant. 916, 1258 (but τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν to keep a
firm
hand on, Th.2.13); δ. στέρνων ἔχεινS.Ant.639; ἡ ἀκούουσα πηγὴ δι' ὤτωνId.OT1387; δ. στόματος ἔχεινX.Cyr.1.4.25; δ. μνήμης ἔχεινLuc.Cat.9; αἱ δ. τοῦ σώματος ἡδοναίX.Mem.1.5.6; δ. λόγων συγγίγνεσθαι to hold intercourse
by
word, Pl.Plt.272b; δ. λόγου ἀπαγγέλλεινAct.Ap.15.27; δι' ἐπιστολῶν2 Ep.Cor.10.9, POxy. 1070.15 (iii A. D.). c. of Manner (where διά with its Noun freq. serves as an Adv.), δ. μέθης ποιήσασθαι τὴν συνουσίανPl.Smp.176e; παίω δι' ὀργῆσ
law with .., S.Ant.742, cf. Th.6.60; δ. τύχης ἰέναιS.OT773; δι' ὀργῆς ἥκεινId.OC905; ἐμαυτῷ δ. λόγων ἀφικόμην I held converse with myself, E.Med.872; δ. λόγων, δ. γλώσσης ἰέναι come
to
open speech, Id.Tr.916, Supp.112; δ. φιλημάτων ἰέναι come
to
kissing, Id.Andr. 416; δ. δικαιοσύνης ἰέναι καὶ σωφροσύνησPl.Prt.323a, etc.; δ. πυρὸς ἰέναι (v. πῦρ): in pass. sense, δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be
hated
by .., A.Pr.121 (anap.). c. with trans. Verbs, δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν or ἄγειν τινά hold
in
fault, Th.2.60, Ael.VH9.32; δι' ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινάTh.2.37, etc.; δ. φυλακῆς ἔχειν τιId.7.8; δι' οἴκτου ἔχειν τινά, δι' αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι,E.Hec.851, IT683; δ. πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγεινX.Cyr.4.6.6; δι' οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσθαί τιS.OC584. B. WITH Acc. I. of Place, only Poet., in same sense as διά c. gen.: 1.
Ζεύσ, ὁ, nom. Il.1.175, al., once written ΖηύσIG12(3).1313 (Thera), but Ζεύσ ib.1316, al.; Boeot. Δεύσ (q.v.); voc. ΖεῦIl.1.503, etc.; gen. ΔιfόσBMus.Inscr.952 (Cephallenia, vi B.C.), ΔιόσIl.1.63, etc.; dat. ΔιfίSchwyzer 80 (Argive, from Olympia, v B.C.), ΔιίIl.1.578, al., IG12.80.12 (v B.C.), etc., contr. Δί [ῑ] Pi.O.13.106, SIG9,35 (Elis, vi B.C., Syrac., v B.C., from Olympia); late Δεί̈JHS32.167 (Pisidia), etc.; acc. Δία, rarer than Διός, Διί in Hom. (Il.1.394, al.), freq. later (cf. Skt.
dyaús
, gen.
divás
, loc.
diví
'sky', 'heaven', 'day', loc. also
dyávi
,= Lat. Jove, acc.
dyām
,= Lat.
diem
,= Gr. Ζῆν (v. infr.)): also nom. Ζήν prob. in A.Supp.162 (lyr.); gen. dat. acc. Ζηνός, Ζηνί, Ζῆνα, Il.4.408, 2.49, 14.157, al., freq. in Trag. (Com. only in Trag. phrases); Coan ΖηνίSIG1025.24(iv/iii B.C.); acc. Ζῆν (Ζῆν'Aristarch.) Il.8.206, 14.265, 24.331, Hes.Th.884, at end of verse, before vowel in next verse (stem Ζην- prob. originated in acc. sg.); Cret. Ττηνός, Ττηνί, GDI5024.23, 77, Τῆνα, Τηνί, ib.5039.11, 5145.12, ΔῆναSIG527.17(iii B.C.); nom. Δήν Hdn.Gr.2.911:— Dor. and Att.-Ion. forms with α (of doubtful origin), nom. ΖάνPythag. ap. Porph.VP17, Ar.Av.570; gen. ΖανόσSchwyzer 696 (Chios, iv B.C.), Cerc.1.7, Philox.3.10, IG5(1).407 (Sparta, ii A.D.); Ζανόσ and Ζανί, Lyr.Adesp. 82A, B (Ionic); acc. ΖᾶναCall.Fr.10.6P., cf. Euhem.24J. (FGrH 63); nom. ΖάσPherecyd.Syr.1, 2 (Ζήσ ap.Hdn.Gr. l.c.), Ζάς ΖαντόσChoerob.in Theod.1.116; Δάν (q. v.); Τάν Head Hist.Num.2469 (Crete); nom. ΔίσRhinth.14, Hdn.Gr. l.c.:— obl. cases Ζεός, Ζεί̈, Ζέα, cited by S.E.M.1.177, 195; Ζεῦν f.l. for Ζῆν'Aeschrio 8.5: the pl. Δίες, Δίας, Διῶν, Δισί, Ael.Dion.Fr.127; τοὺς κτησίους ΔίασAth. 11.473b; Δίες καὶ ΖῆνεσStoic.2.191; Elean ΖᾶνεσPaus.5.21.2:— Zeus, the sky-god, ὔει μὲν ὀ Z. Alc.34, cf. SIG93.34 (v B.C.), Thphr.Char.14.12, etc.; Ζεῦ ἄλλοι τε θεοίIl.6.476; ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ πάντες θεοί, ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοί, X.Cyr.2.2.10, Ar.Pl.1, etc.; Ζεῦ ΖεῦA.Ch.246, Ar.V.323 (lyr., prob. l.); ὦ Ζεῦ βασιλεῦ, τῆς λεπτότητος τῶν φρενῶνId.Nu.153; in oaths, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα, twice in Hom., Il.23.43, Od.20.339: freq. in Com. and Prose, οὐ μὰ ΔίαAr.V.193, Pl.R.426b (c.Art., μὰ τὸν Δί', οὐAr.V.169, al.); ναὶ μὰ ΔίαId.Ach.88, X.Mem.2.7.14; νὴ τὸν Δία or νὴ Δία, Ar.V.217, Eq.319, etc.; cf. νηδί; πρὸς τοῦ ΔιόσId.Av.130; πρὸς ΔιόσX.An.5.7.32; οὐ τὸν Δία alone, Ar.Lys.986: prov. of enormous wealth, τῷ Διὶ πλούτου πέρι ἐρίζεινHdt.5.49. II. of other deities, Ζ. καταχθόνιοσ,= Πλούτων, Il.9.457; Ζ. χθόνιοσS.OC1606, SIG1024.25 (Myconos, iii/ii B.C.); of non-Greek divinities, Ζ. ἌμμωνPi.P. 4.16, etc.; freq. of Semitic Baalim, Z. Βεελβώσωροσ, etc., OGI620 (Gerasa, i A.D.)), etc.; Z. Ὠρομάσδησ,= Pers.Ahuramazda, ib.383.41 (Nemrud Dagh, i B.C.). III. of persons, ὁ σχινοκέφαλοσ Z., iron. of Pericles, Cratin.71; in flattery of kings, Hdt.7.56 (of Xerxes); Ξέρξης ὁ τῶν Περσῶν Z. Gorg.Fr.5aD.; [ἱερεὺς] Σελεύκου Διὸς ΝικάτοροσOGI245.10(ii B.C.); of the Roman emperors, Opp.C.1.3; Νέρων Z. ἘλευθέριοσIG7.2713.41 (Acraephiae), etc.; Ζῆνα τὸν ΑἰνεάδηνAP9.307 (Phil.). IV.Διὸς ἀστήρ the
planet Jupiter
, Pl.Epin. 987c, Arist.Mete.343b30, etc.; so ΖεύσPlacit.2.32.1, Cleom.2.7; Διὸς ἡμέρα a day of the week, D.C.37.19. V.Pythag. name for the