αὐτόσ, ή, ό: same, self.—(1) pronoun of identity, ἦρχε δὲ τῷ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἥν περ οἱ ἄλλοι (the same way, like τὴν αὐτήν in Attic), Od. 8.107, Il. 12.225. (The article when joined to αὐτόσ in Homer is demonstrative, e. g. τὼ δ' αὐτὼ μάρτυροι ἔστων, these two men themselves, not the same two, Il. 1.338, Od. 16.334; once occurs crasis, ωὑτὸς ἀνήρ, that same man, Il. 5.396).—(2) pronoun of emphasis and antithesis, as one person is contrasted with another, or with some possession or part of himself, the extent to which this antithetic idea is carried forming a highly characteristic feature of the Homeric style; πολλᾶ̀ς δ' ῖ̓φθῖ́μους ψῦχᾶ̀ς Ἄιδι προΐαψενἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεσσιν, hurled their souls to Hades, but made them, i. e. their bodies, a prey to dogs, Il. 1.4 ; εἰσενόησα βιὴν Ἡρᾶκληείηνεἴδωλον· αὐτὸς δὲ μετ' ᾶ̓θανάτοισι θεοῖσιντέρπεται, κτλ., Heracles himself in heaven, his ghost in hell, Od. 11.602 ; δησάντων σε ὀρθὸν ἐν ἱστοπέδῃ, ἐκ δ' αὐτοῦ πείρατ̓ ἀνήφθω, let them tie you standing up on the mast-block, with the rope ends fastened to (the mast) itself, Od. 12.51 ; Πριάμοιο δόμον ξεστῇς αἰθούσῃσι τετυγμένον, αὐτὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ, i. e. in the house itself, as distinguished from its corridor, Il. 6.243, and so continually. (The occurrence of αὐτόσ in the oblique cases as simple unemphatic personal pronoun is denied altogether to Homer by some scholars, and in most of the seeming instances an emphasis or contrast may be detected, as clearly e. g. Il. 3.365; still the approach to the later use is sometimes uncomfortably close, e. g. Il. 2.347).— Here belong such expressions as ὑπὸ λόφον αὐτόν, directly under the plume, Il. 13.615, Od. 10.158 ; δύω ἵππους αὐτοῖσιν ὄχεσφιν, chariot and all, Il. 8.290 ; αὐτός περ ἐών, by himself, i. e. alone, Il. 8.99, Od. 14.8, 450.—Here, too, belong the reflexive uses, Od. 4.247, etc.; αὐτῶν γὰρ ἀπωλόμεθ' ἀφραδίῃσιν, by our own folly, Od. 10.27 ; τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλέει, loves his own, Il. 9.342, Od. 2.125; similarly, αὐτῶν γὰρ σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσιν ὄλοντο, Od. 1.7; τὰ σ(ὰ) αὐτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε, Il. 6.490, their own, thine own.
etc., acc. to the person of the Verb: freq. joined with ἐγώ, σύ, etc. (v. infr. 10), 1.
one's true self,
the
soul,
not the body, Od.11.602; reversely,
body,
not soul, Il.1.4;
oneself,
as opp. others who are less prominent, as king to subject, 6.18; Zeus to other gods, 8.4; bird to young, 2.317; man to wife and children, Od.14.265; warrior to horses, Il.2.466, or to weapons, 1.47; shepherd to herd, Od.9.167, cf. Il.1.51; Trojans to allies, 11.220; seamen to ships, 7.338: generally, whole to parts, ib.474; so later ἡ σίδη καὶ αὐτὴ καὶ τὰ φύλλαThphr.HP4.10.7, cf. X.Ath.1.19, Pl.Grg. 511e, etc.; αὐτή τε Μανδάνη καὶ τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσαX.Cyr.1.3.1; αὐ. τε καὶ τὰ ποιήματα βουλόμενος ἐπιδεῖξαιPl.R.398a: abs.,
the Master,
as in the Pythag. phrase Αὐτὸς ἔφα, Lat.
Ipse dixit
; so τίς οὗτος ..;— Αὐτός, i.e. Socrates, Ar.Nu.218; ἀναβόησον Αὐτόν ib.219; ἀνοιγέτω τις δώματ'· Αὐτὸς ἔρχεται
οὔ μοι μέλει ἄλγος οὔτ' αὐτῆς ἙκάβησIl.6.451; εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν 2.597.— In these senses αὐτόσ in Prose either precedes both the Art. and Subst., or follows both, e.g. αὐτὸς ὁ υἱόσ or ὁ υἱὸς αὐτός. The Art. is sts. omitted with proper names, or Nouns denoting individuals, αὐτὸς ΜένωνX.An.2.1.5; αὐτὸς βασιλεύσ ib.1.7.11. 2.
alone, Od.14.450; αὐτὸς μόνος, v. μόνοσ II; αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτόν, v. ἑαυτοῦ.4. in Philosophy,
by
or
in itself,
of an abstract concept or idea, δίκαιον αὐτόPl.Phd.65d; αὐτὸ τὸ ἕνId.Prm.143a, al., cf. Arist.Metaph.997b8: neut., αὐτό is freq. in this sense, attached to Nouns of all genders, οὐκ αὐτὸ δικαιοσύνην ἐπαινοῦντες ἀλλὰ τὰς ἀπ' αὐτῆς εὐδοκιμήσεισPl.R.363a; less freq. with Art., τί ποτ' ἐστὶν αὐτὸ ἡ ἀρετήId.Prt.360e; more fully, εἰ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πατέρα ἠρώτων, ἆρα ὁ πατήρ ἐστι πατήρ τινος, ἢ οὔ; Id.Smp.199d; ἀδελφός, αὐτὸ τοῦτο ὅπερ ἔστιν
the ideal, abstract
brother, ibid.e: later, in compos., αὐτοαγαθόν, αὐτοάνθρωπος, etc. (q. v.), cf. Arist.Metaph.1040b33; less freq. agreeing with the Subst., ἵνα αὐτὴ δικαιοσύνη πρὸς ἀδικίαν αὐτὴν κριθείηPl.R. 612c, etc.; doubled, ἐκ τῆς εἰκόνος μανθάνειν αὐτήν τε αὐτήν, εἰ καλῶς εἴκασται
its very self,
Id.Cra.439a. 5. in dat. with Subst.,
in one, together,
ἀνόρουσεν αὐτῇ σὺν φόρμιγγι he sprang up lyre
in hand,
Il.9.194; αὐτῇ σὺν πήληκι κάρη helmet
and all,
14.498, cf. Od.13.118; αὐτῷ σὺν ἄγγειE.Ion 32, cf. Hipp.1213; also without σύν, αὐτῇ κεν γαίῃ ἐρύσαιIl.8.24: so freq. in Prose and Poetry, αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσι men
and all,
Hdt.6.93; αὐτοῖσι συμμάχοισι allies
and all,
A.Pr.223 (lyr.); αὐτοῖς μελάθροις διακναιομένουσE.Med.164: with Art., αὐτοῖσι τοῖσι ἱματίοισι ἀπ' ὦν ἔβαψε ἑωυτόνHdt.2.47; αὐτοῖσι τοῖς πόρπαξιAr.Eq.849, etc.; αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἵπποις κατακρημνισθῆναιX.Cyr.1.4.7. 6. added to ordinal Numbers, e.g. πέμπτος αὐτόσ
himself
the fifth, i. e.
himself
with four others, Th.1.46, cf. 8.35, X.HG2.2.17, Apoc.17.11, etc.:— αὐτόσ always being the chief person. 7. freq. coupled with οὗτος, τοῦτ' αὐτό ἐστι τὸ ζητηθένPl.Plt.267c, etc.; αὐτὸ τοῦτο μόνονId.Grg.500b; also λεγόντων ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν ..αὐτὰ δὲ τάδεTh.1.139; πόλεις ἄλλας τε καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο τὸ ΒυζάντιονX.An.7.1.27; ταῦτα ἥκω αὐτὰ ἵνα ..Pl.Prt.310e. 8.καὶ αὐτόσ
himself
too, Od.7.73, 14.45, X.An.5.5.9, etc. 9. repeated in apodosi for emphasis, αὐτὸς ἐπαγγειλάμενος σώσειν ..αὐτὸς ἀπώλεσενLys.12.68, cf. A.Fr.350, X.An.3.2.4. 10. in connexion with the person. Pron., ἐγὼν αὐτόσOd.2.194; σέθεν αὐτοῦIl.23.312; νωί̈τερον αὐτῶν 15.39 (always divisim in Hom.); folld. by an enclit. Pron., αὐτόν μινOd.4.244; so αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ ΠρομηθέωσA.Pr.86; also αὐτὸς ἔγωγεPl.Phd.59b, etc.:— after Hom. in the oblique cases αὐτόσ coalesces with the Pron., ἐμαυτοῦ, σεαυτοῦ (these not in Alc. or Sapph., A.D.Pron.80.10 sqq.), ἑαυτοῦ, etc. (q. v.). b. with person. Pron. omitted, αὐτός ..ἧσθαι λιλαίομαι, for ἐγὼ αὐτός,Il.13.252; αὐτὸν ἐλέησον, for ἐμὲ αὐτόν, 24.503; αὐτῶν γὰρ ἀπωλόμεθ' ἀφραδίῃσινOd.10.27; in 2.33 οἱ αὐτῷ is simply a strengthd. form of οἱ; and so in Att., when σὲ αὐτόν, ἐμοὶ αὐτῷ, etc., are read divisim, they are emphatic, not reflexive; in this case αὐτόσ generally precedes the person. Pron., cf. X.Cyr.6.2.25 with 6.1.14. c. with the reflexive ἑαυτοῦ, αὑτοῦ, etc., to add force and definiteness, αὐτὸς καθ' αὑτοῦA.Th.406; αὐτοὶ ὑφ' αὑτῶν ib.194; αὐτοὶ καθ' αὑτούσX.Mem.3.5.4; αὐτὸ καθ' αὑτόPl.Tht.201e; sts. between the Art. and reflex. Pron., τοῖς αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ πήμασιν βαρύνεταιA.Ag.836, cf. Pr.762; τούς γ' αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ πολεμίουσS.Aj. 1132: also κατ' αὐτὺ (Boeot. for αὐτοὶ) αὐτῶνIG7.3172.121 (Orchom. Boeot.). d.αὐτοῦ, αὐτῶν with possess. Pron., πατρὸς κλέος ἠδ' ἐμὸν αὐτοῦIl.6.446; θρῆνον ..ἐμὸν τὸν αὐτῆσA.Ag.1323; ἐχθρὸς ὢν τοῖς σοῖσιν αὐτοῦS.OT416; τοῖς οἷσιν αὐτοῦ ib.1248; αὐτῶν σφετέρῃσιν ἀτασθαλίῃσινOd.1.7; τοῖς ἡμετέροις αὐτῶν φίλοισX.An. 7.1.29. e.αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ with Comp. and Sup. Adj., αὐτὸς ἑωυτοῦ ῥέει πολλῷ ὑποδεέστεροσHdt.2.25; τῇ εὐρυτάτη ἐστὶ αὐτὴ ἑωυτῆσId.1.203. 11.αὐτόσ for ὁ αὐτός,
the same,
Il.12.225, Od.8.107, 16.138, Pi.N.5.1 (never in Trag.), and in later Prose, αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραισIG 14.966(ii A. D.), cf. Ev.Luc.23.12. 12. Comp. αὐτότεροσEpich.5: Sup. αὐτότατοσ
his very self,
Ar.Pl.83: neut. pl. αὐτότατα dub. in Phld.Piet.80. Adv., Comp. αὐτοτέρωσGal.18(2).431. II.
he, she, it,
for the simple Pron. of 3 pers., only in oblique cases (exc. in later Gk., Ev.Luc.4.15, etc.), and rarely first in a sentence, Pl.La.194e, and later, Ep.Eph.2.10, etc.: rare in Ep., Il. 12.204 (where Hdn. treated it as enclitic), and mostly emphatic, ib.14.457, Od.16.388; so in Trag., E.Hel.421: in Prose, to recall a Noun used earlier in the sentence, ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν βασιλέα ..οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ αὐτὸν ὀμόσαιX.An.2.4.7; πειράσομαι τῷ πάππῳ ..συμμαχεῖν αὐτῷId.Cyr.1.3.15; ἄνδρα δὴ ..εἰ ἀφίκοιτο εἰς τὴν πόλιν, προσκυνοῖμεν ἂν αὐτόνPl.R.398a; after a Relative, ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται ..ἔκλυον αὐτοῦIl.1.218; οὓς μὴ εὕρισκον, κενοτάφιον αὐτοῖς ἐποίησανX.An.6. 4.9, cf. 1.9.29; esp. where a second Verb requires a change of case in the Pron., οἳ ἂν ἐξελεγχθῶσι ..ὡς προδότας αὐτοὺς ὄντας τιμωρηθῆναιId.An.2.5.27; ἐκεῖνοι οἷς οὐκ ἐχαρίζονθ' οἱ λέγοντες οὐδ' ἐφίλουν αὐτούσD.3.24; in subdivisions, ὅσοι ..οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν ..X.Cyr.1.1.1, cf. Pl.Chrm.168e; later, pleonastically after a Relative, ὧν ὁ μὲν αὐτῶνCall.Epigr.43, cf. Ev.Luc.3.16, Apoc.7.2, etc.: in S.Ph.316 αὐτοῖσ is emphatic 'in their own persons'. III. with Art. ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, and Att. contr. αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό and ταὐτόν (as required by the metre, cf. S.OT734 with 325, and in Prose to avoid hiatus): gen. ταὐτοῦ, dat. ταὐτῷ, pl. neut. ταὐτά; Ion. ὡυτός, τὠυτό:—
the very one, the same,
rare in Hom., Il. 6.391, Od.7.55, 326; ὁ αὐ. εἰμι τῇ γνώμῃTh.3.38, cf. 5.75; ἐπὶ τὸ αὐ. αἱ γνῶμαι ἔφερονId.1.79: c. dat., to denote sameness or agreement, esp. in Prose, τὠυτὸ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπρήσσομενHdt.4.119; τὸν αὐτὸν χῶρον ἐκλιπὼν ἐμοίA.Ch.543; ὁ αὐτὸς τῷ λίθῳ
the same as
the stone, Pl.Euthd.298a; ἐν ταὐτῷ εἶναί τινι to be
in the place with
.., X.An.3.1.27; προσίεσθαί τινα ἐς ταὐτὸ ἑαυτῷ to have a person