Archĕlāus, i, m., = *)arxe/laos. I.A philosopher of Miletus, pupil of Anaxagoras, and teacher of Socrates, Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 10.— II.A king of Macedonia, son of Perdiccas, and friend of Euripides, Cic. Tusc. 5, 12, 34; Just. 7, 4; Gell. 15, 20, 9.—III.A king of Cappadocia, in the time of Tiberius, and author of a work, *i*ieri\ li/qwn, Plin. 37, 3, 11, 46; cf. Tac. A. 2, 42; Suet. Tib. 37 fin. —IV.A general of Mithridates, Gell. 15, 1, 4 sq.—V.His son, the rival of King Ptolemy Auletes of Egypt, slain by Gabinius, Cic. Rab. Post. 8.