Acerbus, Adiectiuum, vt fructus acerbus. Vnripe: sower: displeasaunt: grieuous: painefull: harde: difficult: soleyne: austere.Vua peracerba gustatu.Cic. Poma acerba. Ouid. Acerbum dicitur per translationem, durum, molestum, triste, austerum.Cic.Homo acerbus, cui Lenis opponitur, siue mansuetus.Cicer.A sower fellow, harde to away withall.Acerbum est, ab aliquo circunoeniri: acerbius, propinquo.Cic.It is a grieuous thing.Acerba amatio.Plaut.Animis acerbis sæuire.Virg.With an angrie heart or displeasaunt minde.Casu acerbo concuti.Virg.To be mooued with a heauie or grieuous chaunce.Acerbum damnum. Claud. A grieuous losse.Dies acerbus.Virg.An heauie or sorowfull day.Dissensus acerbus, Claud.Painefull.Acerbis facetijs Tiberium irridere solitus. Tac. To scoffe at with biting tauntes.Fata acerba. Horat. Grieuous destinie.Fatu acerba poscere.Senec.Grieuaus to be spoken.Frigus acerbum. Horat. Sharpe colde.Acerbum funus, pro morte immatura: ideóque grauiore, atque amariore.Virg.Bitter and painefull death.Horror serræ acorbus. Lucret. Screeking of the sawe vnpleasant and painefull to heare.Inimicitiæ acerbæ. Prop. Grienous enmitie.Acerbissimus inimicus.Cic.Sore and deadly.Interitus acerbissimus. Plancus Ciceroni. Most grieous and painefull.Iræ acerbæ. Lucret. Bitter anger.Liuor acerbus. Claud. ruell and spitefull enuie.Luctus acerbus. Tibul. Grieuous.Lux acerba, Id est dies. Seneca. Heauie: sorowfull.Mater acerba in suos partus.Ouid.arde and cruell to ward hir owne childre.Odium acerbum.Virg.Bitter and deadly hatted.Pectus acerbum.Ouid.A spitesull eart.Pestis acerba.Virg.Grieuous plaguc.Recirator acerbus. Horat Displeasant.Res acerbæ. Lucret. Aduersitie.Impolitæ res & acerbæ.Cic.Vnperfit, not finished.Rumor acerbus, Tibul.An vupleasaunt tumor.Sors acerba. Seneca. Sorowfull and heauie.Spectaculum acorbÛ.Cic.A truell sight: horrible to behold.Vita acer ba.Cic.Painefull heauie.Vulnus acerbum.Virg.A sore wounde.Vultus acerbus.Ouid.A sower or crabbed. Acerba, pro Acerbè aduerbio. Lucret. Ouid. Acerbum, acei bi, Substantiuum, n.g. Ouid.Cicer.Sowernesse: grienounesse: painefulnesse.
Lewis and Short: Latin dictionary
ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.). I. Prop.: Neptuni corpus acerbum,
bitter
,
briny
, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like: uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit, Cic. de Sen. 15: saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc., Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24; and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae, Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. qa/vatos a)/wros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16: ante diem edere partus acerbos,
, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 53.II. Fig. A. Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe: melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur, Cic. Lael. 24: posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,
for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus
,
crabbed fellows from that of Zeno
, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus): acerbissimi feneratores, id. Att. 6, 1; so of adversaries or enemies,
violent
,
furious
,
bitter
, Cic. Fam. 1, 4: acerbissimus hostis, id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8: acerbus odisti, Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. & H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —B. Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.): ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29: in rebus acerbis, Lucr. 3, 54: acerbissimum supplicium, Cic. Cat. 4, 6: acerbissima vexatio, id. ib. 4, 1: acerba memoria temporis, id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35: acerbum funus filiae, id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome.—In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n.plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.—Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1: idem acerbe severus in filium, id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.—Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.—Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.