[Remark: this dictionary entry has no valid XML/HTML content in database so a text version of this entry is shown.]: <b><G>u(po/, u(pai/</G></b> (cf. sub): <i>under.</i> — I. adv., <i>underneath, below, beneath</i>, of motion or rest, <G>u(po\ de\ qrh=nun posi\n</G> (for the feet) <G>h(/sei,</G> Il. 14.240; <G> u(po\ de\ qrh=nus posi\n h)=en,</G> Od. 1.131; <G> xeu=en u(/po r(w=pas</G>, Od. 16.47; often to indicate the position of parts of the body (in plastic style as if one were looking at a picture up and down), <G>u(po\ gou/nat' e)/lu=sen</G> (the knees beneath him), <G>u(po\ d' e)/treme gui=a</G>, Il. 10.390; sometimes causal, <i>thereunder, thereby</i>, Od. 8.380, Il. 8.4; thus to denote accompaniment in music, <G>li/non d' u(po\ ka=lo\n a)/eiden</G> (<i>to</i> it, the harp), Il. 18.570, Od. 21.411. — II. prep., (1) w. gen., of position or motion; <i>under</i>, out or forth <i>from under;</i> <G>u(p' a)nqerew=nos e)lei=n, krh/demnon u(po\ ste/rnoio tanu/ssai</G>, Od. 5.346, and thus often w. verbs of hitting; <G>r(e/ei krh/nh u(po\ spei/ous</G>, from beneath, Od. 9.141; then of agency, influence, <i>by, through, in consequence of;</i> <G>damh=nai, qnh/skein u(po/ tinos</G> (at the hands of), <G>feu/gein u(po/ tinos</G> (before), Il. 18.149 <G>; u(p' a)na/gkhs</G> <pb n=279> (from necessity, perforce), <G>u(po\ dei/ous</G> (for), <G>u(po\ fri=ko\s *bore/w</G>, Il. 23.692. —(2) w. dat., of position, <i>under</i>, and w. verbs of motion when the resulting position of rest is chiefly in mind, <G>pi=/ptein, tiqe/nai ti u(po/ tini, x 449</G>, Il. 16.378; instrumental or causal, <i>under</i> (not by as w. the gen., but rather denoting <i>subjection</i>), <G>u(po\ xersi/ tinos qane/ein, o)le/sai yu=xh/n, gh/rai u(/po a=)rhme/nos</G>, Od. 11.136; of power, mastery, <G>de/dmhto la=o\s u(p' au)tw=|, g 305</G>, Il. 24.636; and of accompanying circumstances, <G>u(po\ pomph=|</G> (under the guidance), <G>pnoih=| u(/po</G> (with the breeze), Od. 4.402. —(3) w. acc., of motion (or extension), <i>under</i>, but often where the idea of motion is quite faint, <G>zw/ein u(p' au)ga=s h)eli/oio</G>, thinking of the <i>duration</i> of life, Od. 15.349, Il. 5.267; of time, <i>during</i>, Il. 16.202, Il. 22.102.
ὑπό[ῠ], Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Aeol. ὐπάAlc.39; Boeot. ὑπάἈρχ.Δελτ. 14Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); Ion. ηυπύ only in IG 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc.ὁπύSchwyzer 664.15,21 (Orchom.Arc., iv B.C.); in Ep. ὑπαί (also B. 12.139): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (ὑ. πόδαIl.2.824, ὑ. δέ 3.217, 11.417, 12.149, ὑ. δείουσ 10.376, 15.4); elsewh. (before λ ν ρ f) it is weakly attested as v. l. for ὑπὸ (̆ ̄), e.g. ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ (v.l. ὑπαὶ) λιπαροῖσιIl.2.44, al.; but ὑπαὶ νεφέων is given by most codd. in Il.15.625, 16.375 (v. Allen ed. maj.), and ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσιAnon. ap. Plu.2.38e; also in compds., ὑπαιδείδοικαh.Merc.165, ὑπαιφοινίσσω (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, A.Ag.892,944,1164 (lyr.), Eu.417, S.El. 711,1418 (lyr.), Inach. in PTeb.692 ii5 (lyr.), E.El.1188 (lyr.), Ar.Ach.970 (paratrag.). (With ὑπό (ὕπο) cf. Skt.
úpa
'towards, near to, etc.', Goth.
uf
'under'.) A. WITH GENITIVE, I. of Place, with Verbs of motion,
another's power, after the Verbs ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν,Il.9.248, 13.198, 17.224,235; ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ' ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆσ
from the consequences of,
23.86; also ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ
from under
the yoke, 8.543, Od.4.39; ὑπ' ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην I loosed myself
from under
the ram, 9.463; σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν, i.e. was born, Pi.N.1.35, cf. O.6.43; rarely in Trag., ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσασE.Andr.441; περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ' ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδαId.Hec.53; once in Hdt., τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι 4.8; αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιfοικων ἀνχωρέῃSIG47.27 (Locris, v B.C.); cf. ὑπέκ.2. of the object
under
which a thing is or is placed,
under, beneath,
with collat. sense of motion, as μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆσ thrust it
in under
the embers, Od. 9.375; ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσασIl.4.106; τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψανHes.Th.717: also without the sense of motion, ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατοIl.3.372; βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον 8.14; ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονόσOd.11.52; κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονόσA.Th.588; ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος βέληPi.O.2.83; νέρθεν ὑπ' ἐγκεφάλοιοIl.16.347; τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήριαPl.Phdr.249a; δεξιὰν ὑφ' εἵματος κρύπτεινE.Hec.342; φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο ib.762: Thom.Mag.p.375 R. says that ὑ. =
under
takes gen. in Att., acc. in 'Hellenic' Greek; κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου, which is v.l. in Od.9.329 for ὑ. κόπρῳ, is called by Eust.1631.36 Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλησ (v. κόλπος, μάλη); but in Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine ὑ. c. gen. in signfs. 1.1, 2 is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. ὑ. γῆς; it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and
NT;
X. has ὑ. ἁμάξησ ( =
from under
) An.6.4.22,25; the Orators have only ὑ. μάλης,Lys.Fr.54, D.29.12; ὑ. γῆσ is found in Pl.Ap.18b, Mx. 246d, R.414d, al., Arist.Mete.352b6, al., Hipparch.2.2.45, Plb.18.18.10 (ὑ. τῆς γῆσ), 21.28.3,10. b. metaph., ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ
under
his rule, Od.19.114. II. of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense, μή πως τάχ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃσIl.3.436, cf. 4.479; ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ' Ἕκτοροσ 17.428; εὖτ' ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ' Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι 1.242; τὸν ..τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ ..παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκεινHdt.1.137; οἵαις ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαιA.Pr.308, cf. Th.7, al.; πέλεκυς ..ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέροσIl.3.61; ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν ..φοβέοντο ..ἀπὸ νηῶν 16.303; πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ' ἐχθρῶνA.Pr.1042 (anap.); ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντεσTh.1.77; ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθουσId.4.66; ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. ΣυρακοσίωνId.6.5; ὑφ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖνId.4.64; κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους ..τοῦδ' ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίωσ we have been called shameful names
by
.., S.Aj.1321; κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν to be ill spoken of
by
.., Isoc.4.77, cf. Pl.Hp.Ma.304e, X.An. 7.7.23; of a subordinate agent, ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο,Hdt.9.98, E.Alc.737, cf. Th.6.32; ἐμῶν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων ..πορεύεταιS.Tr.391; ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπωνPl.Phlb.66a: sts. with a verbal Subst., τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα (i. e. ἐπιταττόμενον) Id.R.359a; ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕποA.Th.1029; ἡ ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσισX.Mem.2.1.34; ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμήId.Cyr.3.3.2; Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέοσPl.R.378d; so ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους ( = οὐ τετρωμένον) prob. in A.Ch. 532. 2. also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, ὅθ' ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι hasten driven on
by
them, Il.13.334; ὑφ' Ἕκτορος ..φεύγοντεσ fleeing
before
him, 18.149, χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεοσ 13.153, cf. 7.64, 11.119,424, Od.5.320, 7.263, al.; πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶνX.HG5.1.5; ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν,Hdt.9.78, A.Eu.99; οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ' ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέωνTh.7.78, cf. Ar.V.1084. 3. freq. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσουTh.7.77; κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶσIG42(1).125.8 (Epid., iii B.C.); χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτωνPl.Tht.142b; ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείσIG42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιοσ ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.); κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένουAen.Tact.20.4: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc., ἀνόρουσ' ὑ. χάρματοσh.Cer. 371; ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο,A.Ag.541,587; μαίνεται ..ὑφ' ἡδονῆσS.El.1153; χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείουσIl.10.376; ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήνHdt.1.85, cf. Th.6.33; οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖνId.4.66; ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετοHdt.3.129; ὑπ' ἄλγουσA.Eu.183; ὑπ' ὀργῆσAr.V.1083; ὑ. λύπησS.OT1073: hence ὑπό is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέασ
my agency, S.Ph. 1118 (lyr.); αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ' ἀνάγκασ not
under
compulsion, GDI5128.5 (Vaxos). 4.ὑπό freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances, νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆσIl.4.276, cf. 16.591, etc.: sts. with part. added, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν
at
their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, 2.334, 16.277; ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηί̈ων ὕ. 18.220. 5. of
accompanying
music, to give the time, κώμαζον ὑπ' αὐλοῦHes.Sc.281, cf. 278; ᾄδων ὑπ' αὐλητῆροσArchil.123, cf. Thgn.825, CharonFr.9; πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγοσAr.Ach.1001: generally, of anything
violence, violently, Hdt.6.107; ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων, i.e. they shot and lashed, X.An.3.4.25: v. infr. B. 11.4, C. IV. 1. 6.ὑ. Ἑλλανοδικᾶν, = ἐπί c. gen., SIG171 (Olympia, iv B.C.). 7. Math., ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ
the angle
ΘΔΗ ( = ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία), Procl.Hyp.2.26; but also τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ
a great host, Nic.Dam.10J.; ὑ. δικαιοσύνῃ διαγαγεῖν τὸν βίονPl.Ep.335d.— ὑπό has no sense c. dat. which it has not also c. gen.; but all its senses c. gen. do not belong to the dat.:— later ὑπό c. dat. is found as a mere periphr. of the dat., στέφος ..αὐτὸς ὑφ' ἡμετέραις πλεξάμενος παλάμαισAP5.73 (Rufin.), cf. 85 (Claudian.); λέων ὑπ' ἄκοντι τετυμμένοσA.R.2.26, cf. Man.2.131. C. WITH ACCUSATIVE, of Place; to express motion
never in Hom., once in Hdt., ὑ. βασιλέα δασμοφόροσ 7.108; ὑ. σφᾶς ποιεῖσθαιTh.4.60, cf. Pl.R.348d, Arist.HA488a10, etc.; ἕως κα ᾖ ὑ. τὸν πατέραTest.Epict.3.29; ὑ. τιν' ἦν τῶν βασιλέωνMen.340; τί δ' οὐ κρατέοντος ὑπ' ἰσχύν;Call.Jov.75, cf. 74; ὑ. Δία Γῆν ἭλιονSammelb.5616(i A.D.), POxy.722.6 (i/ii A.D.), etc. (v. ἥλιοσ 11.1); ὑ. θεὸν καὶ ἄνθρωπονMichel854.52 (Halic., iii B.C.); τοῦ τοπαρχοῦντος ὑ. σέPCair.Zen.322.3(iii B.C.); στρατενσάμενον ὑ. ἄρχοντα ἈντίοχονIG12(1).43.7 (Rhodes); μηδὲ ὑ. δεσπότην ὤνLXXPr. 6.7, cf. Ps.143.2; for ὑ. χεῖρα, v. χείρ; οἱ ὑ. τινάX.Cyr.3.3.6,8.8.5, etc.; τοῖς ὑφ' αὑτὸν τεταγμένοισGDI3750.75 (Rhodes). III. of Time,
in the course of, during,
or to be left untranslated in English, ἐκέλευε Τοωσὶ ποτὶ πτόλιν ἡγήσασθαι νύχθ' ὕ. τήνδ' ὀλοήνIl.22.102; ὑ. τὴν νύκτα ταύτηνHdt.9.51, cf. 58; ὑ. τὴν πρώτην ἐπελθοῦσαν νύκτα ἀπέδρη Id 6.2; τῆς κολοκύνθης ..ἣ ἐγενήθη ὑ. νύκτα καὶ ὑ. νύκτα ἀπώλετοLXXJn.4.10: rarely with stress on the
.., Meyer Ostr.81.2 (i A. D.), cf. PFay.p.324 (i A.D.); ὄνοι ὑ. δένδραBGU362i6, al. (iii A.D.); cf. supr. A.11.8. D. POSITION: ὑ. can follow its Subst., becoming by anastrophe ὕπο. It is freq. separated from the Subst. by intervening words, as in Il.2.465, Od.5.320, 7.130:— ὑπαί is placed after its case in A.Eu.417, S.El.1418, Inach. l.c., although acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.480 it cannot suffer anastrophe. E. AS ADV.,
under, below, beneath,
freq. in Hom.; esp. of young animals,
under the mother,
i.e.
at the breast,
Od.4.636, 21.23. 2.
behind,
Hdt.7.61: cf. C. 1. II.ὑπ' ἐκ or ὑπέκ, v. ὑπέκ.— In Hom. the separation of the Prep. from its Verb by tmesis is very freq., and sts. it follows, in which case it suffers anastrophe, φυγὼν ὕπο νηλεὲς ἦμαρOd.9.17. F. IN COMPOSITION: I.
under,
as well of rest as of motion, as in ὕπειμι, ὑποβαίνω, etc. 2. of the
casing
or
covering
of one thing with another, as ὑπάργυρος, ὑπόχρυσος.3. of the
agency
or
influence under which
a thing is done, to express subjection or subordination, ὑποδαμνάω, ὑποδμώς, ὑφηνίοχος, cf. ἐπί G. 111. II. denoting what is in small degree or gradual,
somewhat, a little,
as in ὑποκινέω, ὑποδεής, ὑπόλευκοσ (so in tmesi, ὑ. τι ἀσεβῆPl.Phdr. 242d, cf. Grg.493c; ὑ. τι μικρὸν ἐπιθήκισαAr.V.1290 (lyr.)). III.