εἰς, ἐσ (εἰσ before a consonant only in εἰσβαίνω): into.—I. adv. (the socalled tmesis), ἐς δ' ἦλθον, ἐς δ̓ ἐρέτᾶς ἀγείρομεν, Il. 1.142; an acc. in the same clause may specify the relation of the adv., thus preparing the way for a true prepositional use, τὼ δ' εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα (acc. of end of motion) βήτην, Θ 115, Od. 2.152. —II. prep. w. acc., into, to, for;ἐς ἀλλήλους δὲ ἴδοντο, towards each other, into each other's faces, Il. 24.484; of purpose, εἰπεῖν εἰς ἀγαθόν, for a good end, Il. 9.102 ; εἰς ᾶ̓́την, to my ruin, Od. 12.372; of time, εἰς ἐνιαυτόν, i. e. up to the end of a year, Od. 4.595; so εἰς ὅ κε, until; distributively, αἰεὶ εἰς ὥρᾶσ, season after season (cf. in dies), Od. 9.135. Apparently w. gen., by an ellipsis, εἰς Ἀιδᾶο (sc. δόμον), ἐς Πριάμοιο, and by analogy, εἰς Αἰγύπτοιο (sc. ῦ̔́δωρ), εἰς ἡμετέρου, Od. 2.55, etc.
ἐν, ἐνί, εἰν, εἰνί: in.—I. adv., in, therein, among them, Il. 5.740, etc.; esp. the form ἔνι, for ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, πολέες δ' ἔνι μῦθοι, Il. 20.248. Here belong all examples of tmesis so-called, ἐν δ' ἔπεσε, fell on the throng, Il. 15.624. The adv. may be defined in its relation by a dative in the same clause, thus showing an approach to the true prepositional use, ἐν δέ τε θῦμὸς στήθεσιν ἄτρομός ἐστιν, in them, viz., in their breasts, Il. 16.162.—II. prep. w. dat., in, on, among; not only of place and persons, ἐν Δαναοῖσι, ἐν ᾶ̓θανάτοισι, ἐνὶ στρατῷ, ἐν πᾶσιν, Od. 2.194; but also of conditions, physical and mental, ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν πένθεϊ, ἐν δοιῇ, Il. 9.230. Of time, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, Π 643, Od. 18.367; instead of a causal or an instrumental expression, ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ὁρᾶν, Il. 1.587, Il. 3.306, Od. 10.385; κατακτείνεσθαι ἀνδρῶν ἐν παλάμῃσιν, Ε 558, Il. 24.738, etc.; often with verbs of motion, the state of rest after motion taking the place of movement into, ἐν γούνασι πῖ́πτειν, Il. 5.370; ἐν χερσὶ τιθέναι, etc.; elliptical, ἐνὶ Κίρκησ, sc. ὄικῳ, Od. 10.282, esp. εἰν Ἀίδᾶο. When ἐνί follows its case, it is written ἔνι (anastrophe), Il. 9.53.
εἰσ or ἐσ, PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY:— both forms are found in Hom., Ion. poets, and early metrical Inscrr.; ἐσ is best attested in Hdt. and Hp., and is found in nearly all early Ion. Inscrr. (exc. IG12(8).262.16 (Thasos, v B. C.), ib.7.235.1 (Oropus, iv B. C.)); εἰσ in Att. Inscrr. from iv B. C., IG2.115, etc.; and usu. in Att. Prose (exc. Th.) and Com. (exc. in parody): Trag. apptly. prefer εἰσ, but ἐσ is used before vowels metri gr.; ἐσ was retained in the phrases ἐς κόρακασ (whence the Verb σκορακίζω), ἐς μακαρίαν. Aeol. poets have εἰσ before vowels, ἐσ before consonants, and this is given as the rule in Hom. by An.Ox. 1.172, cf. Hellad. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.533B. (Orig. ἐνσ, as in IG4.554.7 (Argos), GDI4986.11 (Crete); cf. ἐν, ἰν. The diphthong is genuine in Aeol. εἰσ, but spurious in Att.-Ion.) Radical sense
into
, and then more loosely,
to
: I. OF PLACE, the oldest and commonest usage, εἰς ἅλα
into
or
to
the sea, Il.1.141, al.; εἰς ἅλαδεOd.10.351; ἔς ῥ' ἀσαμίνθουσ 4.48; ἐς οἶνον βάλε φάρμακον ib.220; freq. of places,
the same point, E.Hipp.273: less freq. after a Subst., ὁδὸς ἐς λαύρηνOd.22.128; τὸ ἐς Παλλήνην τεῖχοσ
facing
Pallene, Th.1.56; ξύνοδος ἐς τὴν ΔῆλονId.3.104, cf.Pl.Tht.173d. b. Ep. and Ion., also c. acc. pers. (Att. ὡς, πρός, παρά), Il.7.312, 15.402, Od.14.127, Hdt.4.147; also in Att. with collective Nouns, ἐς τὸν δῆμον παρελθόντεσTh. 5.45, or plurals, εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσῆλθονD.18.103; esp. of consulting an oracle, ἐς θεὸν ἐλθεῖνPi.O.7.31; εἰς Ἄμμων' ἐλθόντεσAr.Av.619. 2. with Verbs expressing
restin
a place, when a previous motion
into
or
to
it is implied, ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου he put it
in
the house (i.e. he brought it
into
the house, and put it
there
), Od.20.96; ἐς θρόνους ἕζοντο they sat them down
upon
the seats, 4.51, cf. 1.130; ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν the lion appeared
in
the path, Il.15.276; ἀπόστολος ἐς τὴν Μίλητον ἦνHdt.1.21 (s. v.l.); αὐτὸς ἐς Αακεδαίμονα ἀπόστολος ἐγίνετοId.5.38; ἐς κώμην παραγίνονταιId.1.185; παρῆν ἐς ΣάρδισId.6.1; ἐς δόμους μένεινS.Aj.80 (cod. Laur.); ἐς τὴν νῆσον κατέκλῃσεTh.1.109, cf. Hdt.3.13; ἀπόβασιν ποιήσασθαι ἐσ ..Th.2.33, etc.; later used like ἐν, τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς κατοικεῖτεLXXNu.35.34; τὸ χρυσίον ὃ εἰλήφεσαν εἰς ῬώμηνD.S.14.117; οἰκεῖν εἰς τὰ ὝπαταLuc.Asin.1; εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀποθανεῖνAel.VH7.8; εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν γῆνSuid. s.v. Καλλίμαχοσ: generally, τοὔνομα εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, φασίν, Ἱππομιγὴς δύναταιAel.VH9.16. 3. with Verbs of saying or speaking, εἰσ relates to the persons
to
or
before
whom one speaks, εἰπεῖν ἐς πάντας, ἐς πάντας αὔδα, Hdt.8.26, S.OT93; λέγειν εἰς τὸ μέσον τῶν ταξιάρχωνX.Cyr. 3.3.7; αἱ ἐς τὸ φανερὸν λεγόμεναι αἰτίαιTh.1.23: with other Verbs, εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας σαυτὸν σοφιστὴν παρέχωνPl.Prt.312a; καλὸν ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας τὸ ἀγώνισμα φανεῖσθαιTh.7.56; ἐπαχθὴς ν ἐς τοὺς τολλούσId.6.54; στρατιὰν ἐπαγγέλλων ἐς τοὺς ξυμμάχουσId.7.17; διαβεβλῆσθαι εἴς τιναPl.R.539c. 4. elliptical usages, a. after Verbs which have no sense of motion to or into a place, τὴν πόλιν ἐξέλιπον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρόν they quitted the city
for
a strong position, i.e. to seek a strong position, X.An.1.2.24; γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνασ letters were captured [and sent]
to
Athens, Id.HG1.1.23, cf. Pl.R. 468a; ἀνίστασθαι ἐς ἌργοσE.Heracl.59, cf. Pl.Phd.116a. b. participles signifying motion are freq. omitted with εἰς, τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τοῖς εἰς Σικελίαν (sc. ἀποδειχθεῖσιν) And.1.11, etc. c. c. gen., mostly of proper names, as εἰς Ἀί̈δαο, Att. εἰς Ἅιδου [δόμουσ], Il.21.48; ἐς Ἀθηναίης [ἱερόν]
that time (in the fut.), D.14.24, Pl.Lg.830b); ἐς ὕστερον or τὸ ὕστερον, Od.12.126, Th.2.20: with Advbs., ἐς αὔριονIl.8.538, Pl.Lg.858b; ἔς περ ὀπίσσωOd.20.199; ἐς αὖθισTh.4.63 (v. εἰσαῦθισ(; ἐς αὐτίκα μάλ' Ar.Pax 367; εἰς ἔπειτα (v. εἰσέπειτα(; ἐς τὸ ἔ., Th.2.64; ἐς ὀψέId.8.23; εἰς ἅπαξ, v. εἰσάπαξ; εἰς ἔτι, v. εἰσέτι. III. to express MEASURE OR LIMIT, without reference to Time, ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο was left behind
as far as
a quoit's throw, Il.23.523; ἐς δραχμὴν διέδωκε paid them
as much as
a drachma, Th.8.29; ἱματισμὸν ζητῆσαι εἰς δύο τάλανταThphr.Char.23.8; so ἐς τὰ μάλιστα
tribes, LXX1 Ki.10.21, cf. 2 Ki.18. 4.IV. to express RELATION,
towards, in regard to
, ἐξαμαρτεῖν εἰς θεούσA.Pr.945, etc.; ἁμάρτημα εἴς τινα, αἰτίαι ἐς ἀλλήλουσ, Isoc.8.96, Th.1.66; ὄνειδος ὀνειδίζειν εἴς τιναS.Ph.522; ἔχθρη ἔστιναHdt.6.65; φιλία ἐς ἀμφοτέρουσTh.2.9; λέγειν ἐσ ..Hdt.1.86; γνώμη ἀποδεχθεῖσα ἐς τὴν γέφυρανId.4.98; ἡ ἐς γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν ἀρχήTh.8.46. b. of the subject of a work, esp. in titles, e.g. τὰ ἐς ἈπολλώνιονPhilostr.VA; of the object of a dedication, as in titles of hymns, ἐπινίκια, etc. 2.
an object, IG22.102.11, 116.41, al.; ἐς τὸ δέονAr.Nu.859, etc.; ἐς δᾷδα ib.612. B. POSITION: εἰσ is sts. parted from its acc. by several words, εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτηνIl.8.115; εἰς δὲ μονάρχου δῆμος ἀϊδρίῃ δουλοσύνην ἔπεσενSol.9: seldom (only in Poets) put after its case, Il.15.59, Od.3.137,15.541, S.OC126(lyr.): after an Adv., αὔριον ἔς· τῆμος δὲ..Od.7.318.
ἐν, poet. ἐνί, εἰν, εἰνί (Il.8.199, etc.), forms used by Ep. and Lyric Poets as the metre requires, but only as f.l. in Trag., εἰνS.Ant. 1241; εἰνίE.Heracl.893: Arc. and Cypr.ἰνIG5(2).3.5, al., Inscr.Cypr.135.9 H., al. PREP. WITH DAT. AND ACC. Radical sense,
in, into.
A. WITH DAT. I. OF PLACE, 1.
in
, νήσῳ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃOd.1.50; ἐν δώμασ' ἐμοῖσινIl.6.221; ἐνὶ προθύροισιν 11.777; κοίλῃσ' ἐνὶ νηυσίOd.2.27; with names of cities or islands, as ἐν Ἀθήνῃς, ἐν Τροίῃ, Il.2.549, 162; ἡ ἐν Κερκύρᾳ ναυμαχίαTh.1.57; ἡ ἐν Σαλαμῖνι μάχηIsoc.5.147 (but in Att. the Prep.is sts.omitted, as with Ἐλευσῖνι, Μαραθῶνι; where ἐν is used, it =
a dowry, pledge, PPetr.1p.37, PTeb.120.125 (i B. C.). 11. in citations, ἐν τοῦ σκήπτρου τῇ παραδόσει
in
the passage of the Il. describing this, Th.1.9, cf. Pl.Tht.147c, Phlb.33b. II. OF STATE, CONDITION or POSITION: 1. of outward circumstances, ἐν πολέμῳOd.10.553; ἐν δαιτίIl.4.259; ἐν καρὸς αἴσῃ 9.378; ἐν μοίρῃOd.22.54; οὑμὸς ἐν φάει βίοσE.Ph.1281; ἐν γένει εἶναί τινι to be related to .., S.OT1016; of occupations, pursuits, ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εἶναι to be engaged
it, S.OT562. 2. of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι, ἐν δοιῇ, Il.7.302,9.230; ἐν φόβῳ γενέσθαιPl.R.578e; οὐκ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ τὰ σάE.Ph.1276; ἐν σιωπῇ τἀμάId.Ion 1397; ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Th.2.21; ἐν ἔριδι εἶναι ibid.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ σχεῖν τινά to blame him, Hdt.5.106; ἐν αἰτίᾳ βαλεῖνS.OT656 (lyr.); ἐν αἰτίᾳ εἶναι to have the blame, X.Mem. 2.8.9, etc.; οἱ ἐν ταῖς αἰτίαισD.Ep.2.14. 3. freq. with neut. Adj., ἐν βραχεῖ, = βραχέωσ, S.El.673; ἐν τάχει, = ταχέωσ, Id.OT765, etc.; ἐν καλῷ ἐστί, = καλῶς ἔχει, E.Heracl.971; ἐν ἀσφαλεῖ [ἐστί] Id.IT 762; ἐν εὐμαρεῖ [ἐστί] Id.Hel.1227; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιήσασθαιHdt.3.154; ἐν ἴσῳ, = ἴσως, ἐν ὁμοίῳ, = ὁμοίωσ, Th.2.53: less freq. in pl., ἐν ἀργοῖς, = ἀργῶσ, S.OT287; ἐν κενοῖς, = κενῶσ, Id.Aj.971: with a Subst., ἐν δίκᾳ, = δικαίωσ, opp. παρὰ δίκαν, Pi.O.2.16, cf. S.Tr.1069, Ar.Eq.258, Pl.R.475c, al.; ἦσαν οὐκέτι ὁμοίως ἐν ἡδονῇ ἄρχοντεσTh.1.99, cf. Pl.Epin.977b. III. OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, ἐν πυρὶ πρήσαντεσIl.7.429; δῆσαι ἐνὶ δεσμῷ 5.386, cf. Od.12.54, etc.; but in most cases the orig. sense may be traced, to put
in
the fire and burn,
in
fetters and bind, etc.; so ἐν πόνοις δαμένταA.Pr.425 (lyr.); ἔζευξα πρῶτος ἐν ζυγοῖσι κνώδαλα ib.462; ἔργον ἐν κύβοις Ἄρης κρινεῖId.Th.414; also ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὄμμασιν ὁρᾶσθαι, ἰδέσθαι, to see
, countless days, E.Ph.305 (lyr.); ἐν ἡμέραις πολλαῖς νοσῆσαιProcop.Arc.9.35. V. OF NUMBERS generally, ἐν δυσὶ σταδίοισ
within
two stadia, D.S.20.74, cf. 19.39, dub. in Th.6.1. 2. with gen. of price, ἐν δύο ταλάντωνLXX3 Ki.16.24. 3.
amounting to
, προῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαισBGU970.14(ii A. D.), etc. B. WITH Acc.,
into, on, for
, Arc.ἰν, νόμος ἰν ἄματα πάνταIG5 (2).5; γράψαι ἐν χάλκωμα ib.511; ἐν πελτοφόρας ἀπεγράψατο ib.7.210 (Aegosthenae), etc.; also poet., ἐν πάντα νόμονPi.P.2.86. C. WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ .., 1.
and therein
, Il.9.361; ἐν μέν ..ἐν δέOd.13.244. 2.
and among them
, Il.2.588, etc.; in Hdt., mostly ἐν δὲ δή ..3.39, 5.95; or ἐν δὲ καί .. 2.43,172,176. 3.
and besides, moreover
(not in Att. Prose), S.Aj. 675, OT181 (lyr.), al.; ἐν δ' ὑπέρας τε κάλους τε πόδας τ' ἐνέδησεν ἐν αὐτῇOd.5.260. 4.ἔνι, = ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι, Il.20.248, etc. D. POSITION: ἐν freq. stands between its Subst. and the Adj. agreeing therewith, Il.22.61, B.5.41, etc.: without an Adj., τῷ δ' ἐν ἐρινεός ἐστι μέγασOd.12.103: most freq. in Hom. in the form ἐνί, which is then written by anastrophe ἔνι, Il.7.221, Od.5.57; in Pi. between Subst. and gen., χόρτοις ἐν λέοντοσO.13.44, al.--One or more independent words sts. come between the Prep. and its dat., as in Od.11.115; also in Prose, Hdt.6.69. E. IN COMPOS., I. with Verbs, the Prep. mostly retains its sense of being
in
or
at
a place, etc., c. dat., or folld. by εἰς .., or ἐν ..: in such forms as ἐνορᾶν τινί τι, in translating, we resolve the compd., to remark a thing
in
one. b. also,
at
a person, ἐγγελᾶν, ἐνυβρίζειν τινί. 2. with Adjs., it expresses a. a modified degree, as in ἔμπηλος, ἔμπικρος, ἔνσιμοσ,
rather
... b. the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμοσ
with
blood
in it
, ἐνάκανθοσ thorny: ἔμφωνοσ
with
a voice: ἔννομοσ
in accordance with
law, etc. II.ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ψ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ Χ; ἐλ- before λ; ἐρ- before ρ; rarely ἐσ- before σ; but Inscrr. and Papyri often preserve ἐν- in all these cases.