χαλκόσ: copper or bronze (an alloy of copper and tin; brass, which is made of copper and zinc, was unknown to the ancients), Od. 1.184. The word stands often for things made of bronze, knife, axe, weapons and armor in general. Epithets, αἶθοψ, νῶροψ, ἀτειρήσ, and others appropriate to the things severally designated.
χ. ἐρυθρόσIl.9.365; with reference to its polished surface, αἶθοψ, ἦνοψ, νῶροψ, φαεινός, 4.495, 16.408, 2.578, 12.151; Τρῶες ..χαλκῷ μαρμαίροντεσ 13.801; πεδίον ..λάμπετο χαλκῷ 20.156; τῆλε δὲ χ. λάμφ' ὥς τε στεροπή 10.153, cf. 11.65, 19.363; σάκος ..χαλκῷ παμφαῖνον 14.11; and of the ornaments of a house, χαλκοῦ τε στεροπήνOd.4.72; of
copper
as the first metal that men learnt to smelt and work, τῶν δ' ἦν χάλκεα μὲν τεύχεα, χάλκεοι δέ τε οἶκοι, χαλκῷ δ' εἰργάζοντο, μέλας δ' οὐκ ἔσκε σίδηροσHes.Op.151; χ. ἐρυθρόσ (cf. supr.) Hp.Ulc.17, Thphr.Lap.57, Callix.1; χ. ἐρυθρὸς καὶ λευκόσThphr.Od.71; χ. ΚύπριοσPosidon.52J., Dsc.1.102, cf. Polyaen.3.10.14; alloyed with tin to form
bronze,
the usual meaning of the word in Hom. (v. infr. 11) and freq. in later writers: σίδηρος δὲ καὶ χ. πολέμων ὄργαναPl.Lg.956a, etc.; χ. κεκραμένοσD.Chr.28.3. II. in Poets freq. for
anything made of metal,
esp. of arms (hence Pi. calls it πολιός, the proper epith. of iron, P.3.48); of offensive arms, ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ, νηλέϊ χ., of a spear, a sword, Il.4.540, 3.292, al.; of a knife, 1.236, al.; of an axe, 13.180, Od.5.244, al.; of a fish-hook, Il.16.408; of defensive arms, as the plates laid on a shield, 20.275; χαλκὸν ζώννυσθαι, of a warrior girding on his armour, 23.130; κεκορυθμένος, αἴθοπι χ. 4.495; ἐδύσετο νώροπα χ. 2.578; of both combined, πλάγχθηδ' ἀπὸ χαλκόφι χαλκόσ
the spear of bronze
glanced off
the helm of bronze,
11.351. 2. of vessels,
copper, cauldron, urn,
18.349, Od.8.426; of a cinerary urn, S.El.758; collectively of
bronze plate,
χ. μυρίος,Pi.N.10.45; θάλαμον .., ὅθι νητὸς χρυσὸς καὶ χ. ἔκειτοOd. 2.338, cf.13.19,21.10,62, Il.2.226; used in payment of ransom, 22.50, cf. 340, Od.5.38. 3. of a
bronze mirror,
A.Fr.393, Call.Lav.Pall.21, Ap6.210 (Philet.); used as a burning-glass, Thphr.Ign.73. 4. collectively,
copper money
, IPE12.24.15 (Olbia, iv B. C.), Ev.Matt. 10.9, Ev.Marc.12.41, cf. ἰσόνομοσ 11; generally,
money,
opp. κύαμοι,IG14.423 ii 21 (Tauromenium), cf. BGU822.12 (iii A. D.), etc.; χαλκοῦ σπάνισ MenMon.156; χαλκὸν ἔχων πῶς οὐδὲν ἔχεις μάθεAP 11.167 (Pollian.). 5. = χάλκωμα,
bronze plate
or
tablet,
τὰν προξενίαν γράψαντας εἰς χαλκὸν ἀνθέμενIG9(1).682 (Corcyra, iv B. C.); οὐετρανοὶ οἱ χωρὶς χαλκῶν, who have not received
bronze copies
of the privileges granted on discharge, BGU113.5 (ii A. D.), etc. 6. a weight, 1/8 obol, Gal.19.752. III.χαλκοῦ ἄνθος, particles thrown off by copper when cooling, Hp.Mul.1.104, Ph.Bel.102.34, Dsc.5.77. b.χαλκοῦ λεπίς, small pieces that scale off under the hammer, ib.78. (Perh. cf. Lith.
χάλκεοσ, έα, Ion. -έη (Hom. always -είη (v. χάλκειοσ)), εον (also εοσ, εονIl.18.222 (ὄπα χάλκεον Αἰακίδαο, where Zenod.χαλκέην as disyll.), Hdt. (v. infr.): rarely in Trag., A.Ch.686, S.Fr.534.3,7 (anap.), E.Ion1; Aeol., Dor. χάλκιοσEpich.79, Alc.15.3, SIG 945.6 (Assos, iv B. C.), IGRom.4.1302.35 (Cyme, i B. C./i A. D.), also Boeot., cf. χαλκοῦς; Att. χαλκοῦσ, ῆ, οῦν (IG12.313.55, etc., but χαλκέων δέλτωνPl.Ax.371a codd.); Ep. also χάλκειοσ, v. χάλκειοσ: (χαλκόσ):—
of copper
or
bronze, brazen,
οὐδός, δόμος, τεῖχος,Il.8.15, 18.371, Od.10.4; ἄξων, κύκλα,Il.13.30, 5.723; χ. Ἀράων θάλαμοιAntim. in PMilan.17.48; χ. καὶ ἀδαμαντίνοις τείχεσιAeschin.3.84; ὀδόσAstyd.9, Ister 30; esp. of arms and armour, ἔγχος, ξίφος,Il.3.317,335; σάκοσ 7.220; θώρηξ, χιτών, 13.398,440; ἔντεα 18.131, etc.; χαλκέοις ὅπλοισE.Ph.1359; also λέβητος χαλκέουA.Ch.686, cf. E.Cyc.392; χαλκέοισικάδοις, χαλκέοις δρεπάνοις, S.l.c.; in Trag. mostly contr., χαλκοῖς βάθροισιId.OC1591; χαλκῆς ὑπαὶ σάλπιγγοσId.El. 711; χαλκῆς ἐκ δέλτουId.Tr.683. b. of statues, χ. Ζεύς, χ. Ποσειδέων, a